FUNGuildR is a tool for assigning trait information based on matching
to a taxonomic classification, using the FUNGuild
database. In normal use, the database is
queried for each use, because FUNGuild are continually updated as new
information is submitted. However, FUNGuildR also includes functions
to download the database and store it as an R object to speed up
repeated queries, make queries reproducible over time, and allow local
queries without internet access.
For the moment, FUNGuildR can only be installed from GitHub. To
install, be sure you have installed the
devtools package, and
then type:
devtools::install_github("brendanf/FUNGuildR")The main function is funguild_assign(). It takes as its only required
argument a data.frame, which should contain a character column named
“Taxonomy”. It returns a version of the same data.frame (as a
tibble) with additional columns:
taxon: The name of the matched taxon.
guid: Globally Unique Identifier for the
database record.
mbNumber: The MycoBank number of the
taxon.
taxonomicLevel: A numeric representation of the taxonomic rank;
higher numbers are lower ranks.
trophicMode: A very general overview of how the organism gets its
nutrition; one or more of Saprotroph, Pathotroph, and
Symbiotroph.
guild: One or more narrower categories for how the organism gets its
nutrition.
confidenceRanking: The confidence level of the guild assignment;
Possible, Probable, or Highly Probable.
growthForm: The general growth morphology of the organism (or its
fruiting body). Multiple values may be given.
trait: Additional traits about the organism, such as wood decay type
or toxicity.
note: Additional notes about the entry.
citationSource: Citation(s) for the information about the taxon.
That’s it!
Here’s how it works on a sample database (scroll to see additional columns):
sample_fungi| Common.Name | Species | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Button mushroom | Agaricus bisporus | Fungi;Basidiomycota;Agaricomycetes;Agaricales;Agaricaceae;Agaricus;Agaricus bisporus |
| Death Cap | Amanita phalloides | Fungi;Basidiomycota;Agaricomycetes;Agaricales;Amanitaceae;Amanita;Amanita phalloides |
| Beer Yeast | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Fungi;Ascomycota;Saccharomycetes;Saccharomycetales;Saccharomycetaceae;Saccharomyces;Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| Rhizophagus | Rhizophagus irregularis | Fungi;Glomeromycota;Glomeromycetes;Glomerales;Glomeraceae;Rhizophagus;Rhizophagus irregularis |
| Dry rot | Serpula lacrymans | Fungi;Basidiomycota;Agaricomycetes;Boletales;Serpulaceae;Serpula;Serpula lacrymans |
| Cryptococcus | Cryptococcus neoformans | Fungi;Basidiomycota;Tremellomycetes;Tremellales;Tremellaceae;Cryptococcus;Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Dung Cannon | Pilobolus crystallinus | Fungi;Zygomycota;Mucoromycetes;Mucorales;Pilobolaceae;Pilobolus;Pilobolus crystallinus |
sample_guilds <- funguild_assign(sample_fungi)
sample_guilds| Common.Name | Species | Taxonomy | taxon | guid | mbNumber | taxonomicLevel | trophicMode | guild | confidenceRanking | growthForm | trait | notes | citationSource |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Button mushroom | Agaricus bisporus | Fungi;Basidiomycota;Agaricomycetes;Agaricales;Agaricaceae;Agaricus;Agaricus bisporus | Agaricaceae | 1CB1CCAB-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 80434 | 9 | Saprotroph | Undefined Saprotroph | Probable | Agaricoid-Gasteroid-Secotioid | NULL | Primarily saprobes in grassland and woodland situations (Cannon & Kirk 2007) | Cannon PF, Kirk PM. 2007. Fungal Families of the World. CAB International, Cambridge (ISBN: 978-0851998275) |
| Death Cap | Amanita phalloides | Fungi;Basidiomycota;Agaricomycetes;Agaricales;Amanitaceae;Amanita;Amanita phalloides | Agaricales | 715D162F-5F0E-40C8-A7DC-79D488D3F937 | 90508 | 7 | Pathotroph-Saprotroph-Symbiotroph | Bryophyte Parasite-Dung Saprotroph-Ectomycorrhizal-Fungal Parasite-Leaf Saprotroph-Plant Parasite-Undefined Saprotroph-Wood Saprotroph | Possible | Agaricoid-Gasteroid-Microfungus-Secotioid-Yeast | NULL | Mushrooms and toadstools, Gill fungi, Agarics… lignicolous, sometimes muscicolous or fungicolous, saprobic, mycorrhizal, rarely parasitic on plants or fungi (Kirk et al. 2008) | Kirk PM et al. 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi. Tenth Edition. CAB International, Wallingford (ISBN: 978-0851998268) |
| Beer Yeast | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Fungi;Ascomycota;Saccharomycetes;Saccharomycetales;Saccharomycetaceae;Saccharomyces;Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | C140119E-2E48-43E7-A77A-3C749D931D94 | 492348 | 20 | Saprotroph | Undefined Saprotroph | Probable | Yeast | NULL | NULL | James TY, et al. 2006. Nature 443:818-822 ((https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05110)) |
| Rhizophagus | Rhizophagus irregularis | Fungi;Glomeromycota;Glomeromycetes;Glomerales;Glomeraceae;Rhizophagus;Rhizophagus irregularis | Glomeraceae | 1CB1CD2A-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 82026 | 9 | Symbiotroph | Arbuscular Mycorrhizal | Highly Probable | Microfungus | NULL | NULL | Redecker D, et al. 2013. Mycorrhiza 23:515-531 ((https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0486-y)) |
| Dry rot | Serpula lacrymans | Fungi;Basidiomycota;Agaricomycetes;Boletales;Serpulaceae;Serpula;Serpula lacrymans | Serpula lacrymans | 1CB1A2AB-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 102458 | 20 | Saprotroph | Wood Saprotroph | Probable | Corticioid | Brown Rot | An aggressive brown-rot (dry rot) fungus that causes very significant economic losses through degradation of wooden parts of buildings (Cannon & Kirk 2007) | Cannon PF, Kirk PM. 2007. Fungal Families of the World. CAB International, Cambridge (ISBN: 978-0851998275) |
| Cryptococcus | Cryptococcus neoformans | Fungi;Basidiomycota;Tremellomycetes;Tremellales;Tremellaceae;Cryptococcus;Cryptococcus neoformans | Cryptococcus neoformans | 1CB1BA14-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 119294 | 20 | Pathotroph | Animal Pathogen | Highly Probable | Dimorphic Yeast | NULL | Likely opportunistic human pathogen (Irinyi et al. 2015) | Kurtzman CP, et al. (eds.) 2011. The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study. Fifth Edition. Vols 1-3. Elsevier, San Diego (ISBN: 9780444521491); Irinyi L, et al. 2015. Medical Mycology 53:313-337 ((https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myv008)) |
| Dung Cannon | Pilobolus crystallinus | Fungi;Zygomycota;Mucoromycetes;Mucorales;Pilobolaceae;Pilobolus;Pilobolus crystallinus | Pilobolus | 1CB1CA1E-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 20420 | 13 | Saprotroph | Dung Saprotroph | Highly Probable | NULL | NULL | NULL | Bell A. 1983. Dung Fungi: An Illustrated Guide to Coprophilous Fungi in New Zealand. Victoria University Press, Wellington (ISBN: 978-0864730015); Tedersoo L, et al. 2014. Science 346:e1256688 ((https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256688)) |
For more information about the meaning of the new columns, see the FUNGuild manual.
Each value in the Taxonomy column of the input data.frame should
consist of a comma-, colon-, underscore-, or semicolon-delimited list of
taxa which the organism on that row belongs to. You can see examples in
the sample_fungi data presented above. Taxonomy strings which include
taxonomic rank indicators in the styles used by Sintax (“k:”, “p:”…)
or Unite (“k__,”p__“, …) are also accepted.
Such taxonomic classifications are frequently arranged from the most inclusive taxon (e.g., Kingdom) to the least inclusive taxon (e.g., Species), but this is not actually required for FUNGuild. Not all taxonomic ranks are required; for each row, the algorithm returns results only for the least inclusive taxon which is present in the database.
By default, funguild_assign() downloads the FUNGuild database each
time they are invoked. In many analysis workflows, where guilds need to
be assigned only once, this is not a problem; because the databases are
continuously updated, it is good to use the most current version.
However, if you are going to call the functions many times, or if you
plan to assign guilds in a situation where you have no internet access,
you can cache the database(s) locally using the functions
get_funguild_db(). This returns the database as a tibble, which can
be passed as a second argument to funguild_assign().
fung <- get_funguild_db()
# This isn't necessary for a single query, but it works.
fung_guilds <- funguild_assign(sample_fungi, db = fung)
# It might be more useful in this situation
data_guilds <- lapply(many_datasets, funguild_assign, db = fung)
# Or you can save it for later offline use
saveRDS(fung, "funguild.rds")
#And then load it again
fung <- loadRDS("funguild.rds")This strategy can also be used for reproduceable research, to store the same version of the database which was used in the original analysis.
From the current development version, FUNGuildR also allows queries to
the FUNGuild web API. The fields taxon, guid, mbNumber,
trophicMode, guild, growthForm, and trait are searchable. For
instance, to find all fungi annotated as causing brown rot (a kind of
wood decay):
brownrotters <- funguild_query("brown rot", "trait")
nrow(brownrotters)
#> [1] 93Here are the first few:
head(brownrotters)| taxon | guid | mbNumber | taxonomicLevel | trophicMode | guild | confidenceRanking | growthForm | trait | notes | citationSource |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amylocorticiellum | 01898B69-3447-4EAC-B250-646F4B3D5CF8 | 28664 | 13 | Saprotroph | Undefined Saprotroph | Probable | Corticioid | Brown Rot | NULL | Tedersoo L, et al. 2014. Science 346:e1256688 ((https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256688)) |
| Amylocorticium | 1CB1C472-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 17064 | 13 | Saprotroph | Undefined Saprotroph | Probable | NULL | Brown Rot | NULL | Tedersoo L, et al. 2014. Science 346:e1256688 ((https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256688)) |
| Amylocystis | 1CB1C473-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 17065 | 13 | Saprotroph | Wood Saprotroph | Highly Probable | Polyporoid | Brown Rot | NULL | Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L. 1987-1987. North American Polypores. Fungiflora, Oslo (ISBN: 978-0945345060) |
| Amylosporus | 1CB1C475-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 17072 | 13 | Saprotroph | Wood Saprotroph | Highly Probable | Polyporoid | Brown Rot | NULL | Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L. 1987-1987. North American Polypores. Fungiflora, Oslo (ISBN: 978-0945345060) |
| Anomoporia | 1CB1C482-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 17080 | 13 | Saprotroph | Wood Saprotroph | Highly Probable | Corticioid | Brown Rot | NULL | Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L. 1987-1987. North American Polypores. Fungiflora, Oslo (ISBN: 978-0945345060) |
| Antrodia | 1CB17DB2-36B9-11D5-9548-00D0592D548C | 17083 | 13 | Saprotroph | Wood Saprotroph | Highly Probable | Corticioid | Brown Rot | NULL | Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L. 1987-1987. North American Polypores. Fungiflora, Oslo (ISBN: 978-0945345060) |
The characters “%” and “*” can be used as wildcards. For instance,
we can search for all fungi where the wood decay type is listed:
allrotters <- funguild_query("* rot", "trait")
nrow(allrotters)
#> [1] 656
unique(allrotters$trait)
#> [1] "White Rot" "Soft Rot" "Brown Rot; White Rot"
#> [4] "Brown Rot" "Brown Rot-White Rot"Queries can also be run against a locally cached database.
fungi <- get_funguild_database()
allrotters <- funguild_query("* rot", "trait", db = fungi)As of April 2021, the NEMAGuild database is temporarily offline.
However, FUNGuildR has functions nemaguild_assign() and
get_nemaguild_db() to access it in exactly the same ways as the
FUNGuild database. These functions will not work for the time being
(unless you already have a cached local copy of NEMAGuild!) but they
should work again when NEMAGuild is back online.
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