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Quine Relay

CI

What this is

QR.rb is a Ruby program that generates a Rust program that generates a Scala program that generates ...(through 128 languages in total)... a REXX program that generates the original Ruby code again.

Language Uroboros

(If you want to see the old 50-language version, see the 50 branch.)

Usage

Ubuntu

If you are using Ubuntu 23.10 (Mantic Minotaur), you can follow these steps.

1. Install all the interpreters/compilers.

First, you need to type the following apt-get command to install them all.

$ sudo apt-get install afnix algol68g aplus-fsf aspectj asymptote \
  ats2-lang bash bc bsdgames bsh clisp clojure cmake coffeescript \
  crystal dafny dc dhall dotnet7 elixir emacs-nox erlang f2c fish flex \
  fp-compiler g++ gambas3-gb-pcre gambas3-scripter gap gawk gcc gdb gdc \
  genius gforth gfortran ghc ghostscript gm2 gnat gnucobol4 gnuplot \
  gobjc golang gpt groovy guile-3.0 gzip haxe icont iconx intercal \
  iverilog jasmin-sable jq kotlin ksh libevent-dev libpolyml-dev lisaac \
  livescript llvm lua5.3 m4 make maxima minizinc mono-devel nasm neko \
  nickle nim node-typescript nodejs ocaml octave openjdk-11-jdk pari-gp \
  parser3-cgi perl php-cli polyml python3 r-base rakudo ratfor rc \
  regina-rexx ruby ruby-mustache rustc scala scilab-cli sed slsh spin \
  surgescript swi-prolog tcl tcsh valac vim wabt xsltproc yabasic yorick \
  zoem zsh

Then, build the bundled interpreters.

$ sudo apt-get install cmake libpng-dev libgd-dev groff bison curl
$ make -C vendor

2. Run each program on each interpreter/compiler.

$ ulimit -s unlimited
$ ruby QR.rb > QR.rs
$ rustc QR.rs && ./QR > QR.scala
$ scalac QR.scala && scala QR > QR.scm
$ guile QR.scm > QR.sci
$ scilab-cli -nb -f QR.sci > QR.sed
$ sed -E -f QR.sed QR.sed > QR.spl
$ ./vendor/local/bin/spl2c < QR.spl > QR.spl.c && gcc -z muldefs -o QR -I ./vendor/local/include -L ./vendor/local/lib QR.spl.c -lspl -lm &&
  ./QR > QR.sl
$ slsh QR.sl > QR.sml
$ polyc -o QR QR.sml && ./QR > QR.sq
$ ruby vendor/subleq.rb QR.sq > QR.ss
$ surgescript QR.ss > QR.tcl
$ tclsh QR.tcl > QR.tcsh
$ tcsh QR.tcsh > QR.t
$ ruby vendor/thue.rb QR.t > QR.ts
$ tsc --outFile QR.ts.js QR.ts && nodejs QR.ts.js > QR.unl
$ ruby vendor/unlambda.rb QR.unl > QR.vala
$ valac QR.vala && ./QR > QR.mid
$ mono vendor/local/bin/Vlt.exe /s QR.mid && mono QR.exe > QR.v
$ iverilog -o QR QR.v && ./QR -vcd-none > QR.vim
$ vim -EsS QR.vim > QR.vb
$ echo '<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"><PropertyGroup><OutputType>Exe</OutputType><TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework><EnableDefaultCompileItems>false</EnableDefaultCompileItems></PropertyGroup><ItemGroup><Compile Include="QR.vb" /></ItemGroup></Project>' > tmp.vbproj &&
  DOTNET_NOLOGO=1 dotnet run --project tmp.vbproj > QR.wasm
$ $(WASI_RUNTIME) QR.wasm > QR.wat
$ wat2wasm QR.wat -o QR.wat.wasm && $(WASI_RUNTIME) QR.wat.wasm > QR.ws
$ ruby vendor/whitespace.rb QR.ws > QR.xslt
$ xsltproc QR.xslt > QR.yab
$ yabasic QR.yab > QR.yorick
$ yorick -batch QR.yorick > QR.azm
$ zoem -i QR.azm > QR.zsh
$ zsh QR.zsh > QR.+
$ a+ QR.+ > qr.adb
$ gnatmake qr.adb && ./qr > QR.als
$ LANG=C LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/afnix axi QR.als > QR.aheui
$ ruby vendor/aheui.rb QR.aheui > QR.a68
$ a68g QR.a68 > QR.ante
$ ruby vendor/ante.rb QR.ante > QR.aj
$ ajc QR.aj && java QR > QR.asy
$ asy QR.asy > QR.dats
$ patscc -o QR QR.dats && ./QR > QR.awk
$ awk -f QR.awk > QR.bash
$ bash QR.bash > QR.bc
$ BC_LINE_LENGTH=4000000 bc -q QR.bc > QR.bsh
$ bsh QR.bsh > QR.bef
$ cfunge QR.bef > QR.Blc
$ ruby vendor/blc.rb < QR.Blc > QR.bf
$ ruby vendor/bf.rb QR.bf > QR.c
$ gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.cpp
$ g++ -o QR QR.cpp && ./QR > QR.cs
$ echo '<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"><PropertyGroup><OutputType>Exe</OutputType><TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework><EnableDefaultCompileItems>false</EnableDefaultCompileItems></PropertyGroup><ItemGroup><Compile Include="QR.cs" /></ItemGroup></Project>' > tmp.csproj &&
  DOTNET_NOLOGO=1 dotnet run --project tmp.csproj > QR.chef
$ PERL5LIB=vendor/local/lib/perl5 compilechef QR.chef QR.chef.pl &&
  perl QR.chef.pl > QR.clj
$ clojure QR.clj > QR.cmake
$ cmake -P QR.cmake > QR.cob
$ cobc -O2 -x QR.cob && ./QR > QR.coffee
$ coffee --nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.coffee > QR.lisp
$ clisp QR.lisp > QR.cr
$ crystal QR.cr > QR.d
$ gdc -o QR QR.d && ./QR > QR.dfy
$ dafny QR.dfy && mono QR.exe > QR.dc
$ dc QR.dc > QR.dhall || true
$ dhall text --file QR.dhall > QR.exs
$ elixir QR.exs > QR.el
$ emacs -Q --script QR.el > QR.erl
$ escript QR.erl > QR.fsx
$ echo '<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"><PropertyGroup><OutputType>Exe</OutputType><TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework><EnableDefaultCompileItems>false</EnableDefaultCompileItems></PropertyGroup><ItemGroup><Compile Include="QR.fsx" /></ItemGroup></Project>' > tmp.fsproj &&
  DOTNET_NOLOGO=1 dotnet run --project tmp.fsproj > QR.false
$ ruby vendor/false.rb QR.false > QR.fl
$ flex -o QR.fl.c QR.fl && gcc -o QR QR.fl.c && ./QR > QR.fish
$ fish QR.fish > QR.fs
$ gforth QR.fs > QR.f
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f && ./QR > QR.f90
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f90 && ./QR > QR.gbs
$ gbs3 QR.gbs > QR.g
$ gap -q QR.g > QR.gdb
$ gdb -q -x QR.gdb > QR.gel
$ genius QR.gel > QR.plt
$ gnuplot QR.plt > QR.go
$ go run QR.go > QR.gs
$ ruby vendor/golfscript.rb QR.gs > QR.gpt
$ mv QR.c QR.c.bak && gpt -t QR.c QR.gpt && gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.grass &&
  mv QR.c.bak QR.c
$ ruby vendor/grass.rb QR.grass > QR.groovy
$ groovy QR.groovy > QR.gz
$ gzip -cd QR.gz > QR.hs
$ ghc QR.hs && ./QR > QR.hx
$ haxe -main QR -neko QR.n && neko QR.n > QR.icn
$ icont -s QR.icn && ./QR > QR.i
$ ick -bfOc QR.i && gcc -static QR.c -I /usr/include/ick-* -o QR -lick &&
  ./QR > QR.j
$ jasmin QR.j && java QR > QR.java
$ javac QR.java && java QR > QR.js
$ nodejs QR.js > QR.jq
$ jq -r -n -f QR.jq > QR.jsfuck
$ nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.jsfuck > QR.kt
$ kotlinc QR.kt -include-runtime -d QR.jar && kotlin QR.jar > QR.ksh
$ ksh QR.ksh > QR.lazy
$ lazyk QR.lazy > qr.li
$ lisaac qr.li && ./qr > QR.ls
$ lsc QR.ls > QR.ll
$ llvm-as QR.ll && lli QR.bc > QR.lol
$ lci QR.lol > QR.lua
$ lua5.3 QR.lua > QR.m4
$ m4 QR.m4 > QR.mk
$ make -f QR.mk > QR.mac
$ maxima -q --init-mac=QR.mac > QR.mzn
$ minizinc --solver Gecode --soln-sep '' QR.mzn > QR.mod
$ gm2 -fiso QR.mod -o QR && ./QR > QR.il
$ ilasm QR.il && mono QR.exe > QR.mustache
$ mustache QR.mustache QR.mustache > QR.asm
$ nasm -felf QR.asm && ld -m elf_i386 -o QR QR.o && ./QR > QR.neko
$ nekoc QR.neko && neko QR.n > QR.5c
$ nickle QR.5c > QR.nim
$ nim compile QR.nim && ./QR > QR.m
$ gcc -o QR QR.m && ./QR > QR.ml
$ ocaml QR.ml > QR.octave
$ mv QR.m QR.m.bak && octave -qf QR.octave > QR.ook && mv QR.m.bak QR.m
$ ruby vendor/ook-to-bf.rb QR.ook QR.ook.bf && ruby vendor/bf.rb QR.ook.bf > QR.gp
$ gp -f -q QR.gp > QR.p
$ parser3 QR.p > QR.pas
$ fpc QR.pas && ./QR > QR.pl
$ perl QR.pl > QR.pl6
$ perl6 QR.pl6 > QR.php
$ php QR.php > QR.png
$ npiet QR.png > QR.ps
$ gs -dNODISPLAY -q QR.ps > QR.ppt
$ ppt -d < QR.ppt > QR.prolog
$ swipl -q -t qr -f QR.prolog > QR.pr
$ spin -T QR.pr > QR.py
$ python3 QR.py > QR.R
$ R --slave -f QR.R > QR.ratfor
$ ratfor -o QR.ratfor.f QR.ratfor && gfortran -o QR QR.ratfor.f &&
  ./QR > QR.rc
$ rc QR.rc > QR.rexx
$ rexx ./QR.rexx > QR2.rb

You will see that QR.rb is the same as QR2.rb.

$ diff QR.rb QR2.rb

Alternatively, just type make.

$ make

Note: It may take a lot of memory to compile some files.

Docker

Simply build the image and run a container as follows:

$ docker build -t qr .
$ docker run --privileged --rm -e CI=true qr

Note: You must run in privileged mode, otherwise the maxima command will fail.

If you want to check the generated files, you can mount the local directory in the Docker container (but still use the vendor directory of the container), as follows:

$ docker run --privileged --rm -e CI=true -v $(pwd):/usr/local/share/quine-relay -v /usr/local/share/quine-relay/vendor qr

Other platforms

You may find instructions for other platforms in the wiki.

If you do not use these Linux distributions, please find your own way. If you manage it, please let me know. I wish you good luck.

Interpreter/compiler versions tested

I used the following Ubuntu deb packages to test this program.

# language ubuntu package version
1 Ruby ruby 1:3.1
2 Rust rustc 1.71.1+dfsg0ubuntu2-0ubuntu1
3 Scala scala 2.11.12-5
4 Scheme guile-3.0 3.0.8-2
5 Scilab scilab-cli 6.1.1+dfsg2-9
6 sed sed 4.9-1
7 Shakespeare N/A -
8 S-Lang slsh 2.3.3-3
9 Standard ML polyml, libpolyml-dev 5.7.1-5
10 Subleq N/A -
11 SurgeScript surgescript 0.5.4.4-1.1
12 Tcl tcl 8.6.13
13 tcsh tcsh 6.24.10-2
14 Thue N/A -
15 TypeScript node-typescript 4.8.4+ds1-2
16 Unlambda N/A -
17 Vala valac 0.56.13-1
18 Velato N/A -
19 Verilog iverilog 12.0-2
20 Vimscript vim 2:9.0.1672-1ubuntu2.1
21 Visual Basic dotnet7 7.0.113-0ubuntu1~23.10.1
22 WebAssembly (Binary format) wabt 1.0.33-1
23 WebAssembly (Text format) wabt 1.0.33-1
24 Whitespace N/A -
25 XSLT xsltproc 1.1.35-1
26 Yabasic yabasic 1:2.90.3-1
27 Yorick yorick 2.2.04+dfsg1-12
28 Zoem zoem 21-341-1
29 zsh zsh 5.9-5ubuntu1
30 A+ aplus-fsf 4.22.1-10.2
31 Ada gnat 12.2ubuntu1
32 AFNIX afnix 3.8.0-1
33 Aheui N/A -
34 ALGOL 68 algol68g 3.1.2-1
35 Ante N/A -
36 AspectJ aspectj 1.9.5-2
37 Asymptote asymptote 2.86+ds-1
38 ATS ats2-lang 0.4.2-1.1
39 Awk gawk 1:5.2.1-2
40 bash bash 5.2.15-2ubuntu1
41 bc bc 1.07.1-3build1
42 BeanShell bsh 2.0b4-20
43 Befunge N/A -
44 BLC8 N/A -
45 Brainfuck N/A -
46 C gcc 4:13.2.0-1ubuntu1
47 C++ g++ 4:13.2.0-1ubuntu1
48 C# dotnet7 7.0.113-0ubuntu1~23.10.1
49 Chef N/A -
50 Clojure clojure 1.11.1-2
51 CMake cmake 3.27.4-1
52 Cobol gnucobol4 4.0~early~20200606-6
53 CoffeeScript coffeescript 2.7.0+dfsg1-1
54 Common Lisp clisp 1:2.49.20210628.gitde01f0f-3.1
55 Crystal crystal, libevent-dev 1.9.2+dfsg-3
56 D gdc 4:13.2.0-1ubuntu1
57 Dafny dafny 2.3.0+dfsg-0.1
58 dc dc 1.07.1-3build1
59 Dhall dhall 1.40.2-2build1
60 Elixir elixir 1.14.0.dfsg-2
61 Emacs Lisp emacs-nox 1:29.1+1-5ubuntu1
62 Erlang erlang 1:25.2.3+dfsg-1
63 F# dotnet7 7.0.113-0ubuntu1~23.10.1
64 FALSE N/A -
65 Flex flex 2.6.4-8.2
66 Fish fish 3.6.1-1
67 Forth gforth 0.7.3+dfsg-9build4.1
68 FORTRAN77 f2c 20200916-1
69 Fortran90 gfortran 4:13.2.0-1ubuntu1
70 Gambas script gambas3-scripter, gambas3-gb-pcre 3.18.3-1ubuntu1
71 GAP gap 4.12.1-2
72 GDB gdb 14.0.50.20230907-0ubuntu1
73 GEL (Genius) genius 1.0.27-1
74 Gnuplot gnuplot 5.4.4+dfsg1-2build1
75 Go golang 2:1.21~2
76 GolfScript N/A -
77 G-Portugol gpt 1.1-7
78 Grass N/A -
79 Groovy groovy 2.4.21-8
80 Gzip gzip 1.12-1ubuntu1
81 Haskell ghc 9.0.2-5
82 Haxe haxe 1:4.3.1-1
83 Icon icont, iconx 9.4.3-7ubuntu1
84 INTERCAL intercal 30:0.30-6
85 Jasmin jasmin-sable 2.5.0-2
86 Java openjdk-11-jdk 11.0.20.1+1-0ubuntu1~23.04
87 JavaScript nodejs 18.13.0+dfsg1-1ubuntu2
88 Jq jq 1.6-3
89 JSFuck nodejs 18.13.0+dfsg1-1ubuntu2
90 Kotlin kotlin 1.3.31+ds1-1build5
91 ksh ksh 20230128
92 Lazy K N/A -
93 Lisaac lisaac 1:0.39~rc1-3.1
94 LiveScript livescript 1.6.1+dfsg-3
95 LLVM asm llvm 1:16.0-57
96 LOLCODE N/A -
97 Lua lua5.3 5.3.6-2
98 M4 m4 1.4.19-3
99 Makefile make 4.3-4.1build1
100 Maxima maxima 5.45.1-8
101 MiniZinc minizinc 2.6.4+dfsg1-1
102 Modula-2 gm2 4:13.2.0-1ubuntu1
103 MSIL mono-devel 6.8.0.105+dfsg-3.4
104 Mustache ruby-mustache 1.1.1-2
105 NASM nasm 2.16.01-1
106 Neko neko 2.3.0-2
107 Nickle nickle 2.92
108 Nim nim 1.6.14-1
109 Objective-C gobjc 4:13.2.0-1ubuntu1
110 OCaml ocaml 4.13.1-6ubuntu1
111 Octave octave 8.3.0-2
112 Ook! N/A -
113 PARI/GP pari-gp 2.15.4-2
114 Parser 3 parser3-cgi 3.4.6-3
115 Pascal fp-compiler 3.2.2+dfsg-22
116 Perl 5 perl 5.36.0-9ubuntu1
117 Perl 6 rakudo 2022.12-1
118 PHP php-cli 2:8.2+93ubuntu1
119 Piet N/A -
120 PostScript ghostscript 10.01.2~dfsg1-0ubuntu2.1
121 PPT (Punched tape) bsdgames 2.17-30
122 Prolog swi-prolog 9.0.4+dfsg-2ubuntu1
123 Promela (Spin) spin 6.5.2+dfsg-1
124 Python python3 3.11.4-5
125 R r-base 4.3.1-4
126 Ratfor ratfor 1.05-2
127 rc rc 1.7.4+97.gceb59bb-5
128 REXX regina-rexx 3.6-2.4

Note that some languages are not available in Ubuntu (marked as N/A). This repository contains their implementations in vendor/. See also vendor/README for detail.

Frequently asked questions

Q. Why?

A. Take your pick.

Q. How?

A. Good news: I have published a book, "The World of Obfuscated, Esoteric, Artistic Programming". It explains how to write a quine, an ascii-art quine, and an uroboros quine like this quine-relay. You can buy my book on amazon.co.jp.

(It also contains my almost all of my (about forty) works, including alphabet-only Ruby program, radiation-hardened quine, etc., and explains many techniques for writing such programs.)

Bad news: It is written in Japanese. I hope you can translate it into English and help me earn royalties.

Q. Language XXX is missing!

A. See the language inclusion criteria in detail. (In short, please create a deb package and contribute it to Ubuntu.)

See also ❤️.

Q. Does it really work?

A. CI

Q. How long did it take you?

A. Are you trying to cross the world line?

Q. The code does not fit in my screen!

A. Here you go.

Q. How was the code generated?

A.

$ sudo apt-get install rake ruby-cairo ruby-rsvg2 ruby-gdk-pixbuf2 \
  optipng advancecomp ruby-chunky-png
$ cd src
$ rake2.0 clobber
$ rake2.0

History

for Ubuntu 13.04

50 languages

Added: Ruby, Scala, Scheme, bash, Smalltalk, Unlambda, Tcl, Whitespace, Verilog, Vala, Ada, ALGOL 68, Awk, Brainfuck, Boo, C, C++, C#, Cobol, Clojure, Fortran90, FORTRAN77, Forth, Common Lisp, CoffeeScript, Groovy, Go, INTERCAL, Icon, Haskell, Jasmin, Java, LLVM asm, Logo, Lua, Makefile, MSIL, Objective-C, JavaScript, OCaml, Octave, Parrot asm, Pascal, Perl, PHP, Pike, Prolog, Python, R, REXX

for Ubuntu 13.10

50 languages

for Ubuntu 14.04

50 languages

for Ubuntu 14.10

64 languages

Added: Scilab, S-Lang, SPL, LOLCODE, Maxima, NASM, Neko, Nickle, Ook!, PARI/GP, Piet, PPT (Punched tape), PostScript, Ratfor

for Ubuntu 15.04

100 languages

Added: Subleq, Standard ML, Thue, Visual Basic, XSLT, Yorick, Zoem, A+, AFNIX, Ante, Asymptote, ATS, BLC8, Befunge, bc, Chef, CDuce, D, dc, eC, Emacs Lisp, Erlang, F#, Falcon, FALSE, Gambas script, GAP, GEL (Genius), Gnuplot, G-Portugol, Gri, Haxe, Julia, Lisaac, Lazy K, Kaya

for Ubuntu 15.10

100 languages

Removed: Boo, Falcon, Kaya

Added: Elixir, Jq, Nim

for Ubuntu 16.04

100 languages

for Ubuntu 17.04

100 languages

Removed: SPL, Gri, Logo, Parrot asm

Added: Squirrel, Dafny, Grass, MiniZinc

for Ubuntu 17.10

100 languages

Removed: CDuce

Added: Rust

for Ubuntu 18.04

128 languages

Removed: Gambas script, Perl

Added: Shakespeare, sed, tcsh, TypeScript, Velato, Vimscript, Yabasic, zsh, Aheui, AspectC++, AspectJ, BeanShell, CMake, Flex, Fish, GDB, GolfScript, Gzip, Gri, JSFuck, ksh, LiveScript, M4, Mustache, nesC, Parser 3, Perl 5, Perl 6, Promela (Spin), rc

for Ubuntu 19.04

128 languages

Removed: Scilab, G-Portugol, nesC

Added: Curry, Gambas script, GeneratorScriptingLanguage

for Ubuntu 19.10

128 languages

Removed: Gri

Added: Scilab

for Ubuntu 20.04

128 languages

for Ubuntu 20.10

128 languages

Removed: AspectC++, eC

Added: SurgeScript, Dhall

for Ubuntu 21.04

128 languages

Removed: Curry

Added: G-Portugol

for Ubuntu 21.10

128 languages

for Ubuntu 22.04

128 languages

Removed: Julia, Nim, Pike

Added: WebAssembly (Text format), WebAssembly (Binary format), Kotlin

for Ubuntu 22.10

128 languages

for Ubuntu 23.04

128 languages

Removed: Squirrel, GeneratorScriptingLanguage

Added: Crystal, Nim

for Ubuntu 23.10

128 languages

Removed: Smalltalk

Added: Modula-2

License

The MIT License applies to all resources except the files in the vendor/ directory.

The files in the vendor/ directory are from third-parties and are distributed under different licenses. See vendor/README in detail.


The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 Yusuke Endoh (@mametter), @hirekoke

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

quine-relay's People

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quine-relay's Issues

Make: Bash creates empty files on failure

When any interpreter/compiler fails to produce output, bash still creates an empty file. This confuses make, which recognizes that file as a valid input for the next rule.

How?

I am looking forward when you complete this section.

Include intermediate sources

Getting all the compilers/interpreters to run is pretty hard if your repos are outdated, you're using a RPM distro etc. Although many people have forked and compiled this, it would be nice to have the intermediate sources in the main repository.

shasum: WARNING: 1 listed file could not be read

$ shasum -c SHA1SUMS 
QR.rb: OK
QR.scala: OK
QR.scm: OK
QR.sci: OK
QR.bash: OK
QR.sl: OK
QR.st: OK
QR.spl: OK
QR.sml: OK
QR.sq: OK
QR.tcl: OK
QR.t: OK
QR.unl: OK
QR.vala: OK
QR.v: OK
QR.vb: OK
QR.ws: OK
QR.xslt: OK
QR.yorick: OK
QR.azm: OK
QR.+: OK
qr.adb: OK
QR.als: OK
QR.a68: OK
QR.ante: OK
QR.asy: OK
QR.dats: OK
QR.awk: OK
QR.bc: OK
QR.bef: OK
QR.Blc: OK
QR.boo: OK
QR.bf: OK
QR.c: OK
QR.cpp: OK
QR.cs: OK
QR.cd: OK
QR.chef: OK
QR.clj: OK
QR.cob: OK
QR.coffee: OK
QR.lisp: OK
QR.d: OK
QR.dc: OK
QR.ec: OK
QR.el: OK
QR.erl: OK
QR.fsx: OK
QR.fal: OK
QR.false: OK
QR.fs: OK
QR.f: OK
QR.f90: OK
QR.gbs: OK
QR.g: OK
QR.gel: OK
QR.plt: OK
QR.go: OK
QR.gpt: OK
QR.gri: OK
QR.groovy: OK
QR.hs: OK
QR.hx: OK
QR.icn: OK
QR.i: OK
QR.j: OK
QR.java: OK
QR.js: OK
QR.jl: OK
QR.k: OK
QR.lazy: OK
qr.li: OK
QR.ll: OK
QR.logo: OK
QR.lol: OK
QR.lua: OK
QR.mk: OK
QR.mac: OK
QR.il: OK
QR.asm: OK
QR.neko: OK
QR.5c: OK
QR.m: OK
QR.ml: OK
QR.octave: OK
QR.ook: OK
QR.gp: OK
QR.pasm: OK
QR.pas: OK
QR.pl: OK
QR.php: OK
QR.png: OK
QR.pike: OK
QR.ps: OK
QR.ppt: OK
QR.prolog: OK
QR.py: OK
QR.R: OK
shasum: QR.r: 
QR.r: FAILED open or read
QR.rexx: OK
shasum: WARNING: 1 listed file could not be read

Icon produces no output.

icont QR.icn runs without issue.

Running ./QR > QR.i produces the error message:
./QR: 8: exec: iconx: not found
and produces a blank output.

This is on a VM running Linux Mint 17 64-bit. I had previously installed all the required packages exactly as was listed in the README.

Your Whitespace interpreter isn't quite right.

It has the 'signed integer labels' bug.

The string of bits use for a label definition is (by the reference interpreter) supposed to be just that. A string of anonymous bits. It does not begin with a sign bit and leading zeros are significant.

For example, using your intermediate form all these are different labels (marks).

200 0012
200 012
200 102
200 12
200 2

If you want you could say it uses a bijective positional notation

NB: This doesn't have to change the 'quine' but in theory could make the Whitespace step shorter. (Nevermind, just noticed it's a huge print command)

For example, as a quick hack, adding this line seems to work.

num = "01" + num if (num && insn != :push && insn != :copy && insn != :slide)

Changes for the Makefile for Arch Linux

Hi,

I'm on Arch Linux.

With these changes applied: (Makefile.patch) I got all the way to Pike (for now). This file also needs to be present: logo.sh.

"beef" can now be used instead of "brainfuck" and "clojure" can be used instead of "clj".

logo was troublesome. There might be better solutions.

Best regards,
Alexander Rødseth

quine-relay-git on Arch Linux (clojure gives "Unable to resolve symbol")

Hi,

The quine-relay-git has no comments and no "out-of-date" flags, but it fails when compiling clojure:

clojure QR.clj > QR.cob
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resolve symbol:  in this context, compiling:(/home/alexander/.quine-relay/QR.clj:0:0)
    at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6464)
    at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6406)
    at clojure.lang.Compiler.eval(Compiler.java:6707)
    at clojure.lang.Compiler.load(Compiler.java:7130)
    at clojure.lang.Compiler.loadFile(Compiler.java:7086)
    at clojure.main$load_script.invoke(main.clj:274)
    at clojure.main$script_opt.invoke(main.clj:336)
    at clojure.main$main.doInvoke(main.clj:420)
    at clojure.lang.RestFn.invoke(RestFn.java:408)
    at clojure.lang.Var.invoke(Var.java:379)
    at clojure.lang.AFn.applyToHelper(AFn.java:154)
    at clojure.lang.Var.applyTo(Var.java:700)
    at clojure.main.main(main.java:37)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resolve symbol:  in this context
    at clojure.lang.Util.runtimeException(Util.java:221)
    at clojure.lang.Compiler.resolveIn(Compiler.java:6940)
    at clojure.lang.Compiler.resolve(Compiler.java:6884)
    at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyzeSymbol(Compiler.java:6845)
    at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6427)
    ... 12 more
Makefile:184: recipe for target 'QR.cob' failed

Have you seen this before? Do you know what can be done to fix it?

Without this working, I'm having a hard time fixing/updating the quine-relay-git package, ref: "If you are using Arch Linux, you might want to ask @xyproto to update the quine-relay-git package :-)"

Is this a problem with the clojure package?

Any help is welcome.

Best regards,
Alexander F Rødseth / xyproto

Unable to compile QR.c

When compiling QR.c, I get the following results:

quine-relay% tcc -o QR QR.c 
QR.c:2: error: declaration expected

quine-relay% gcc -o QR QR.c
QR.c:2:13091: error: expected identifier or ‘(’ before ‘}’ token
      \\\\\\\"s)))\\\").Replace(\\\"~\\\",\\\"\\\\\\\\\\\"));}}\");}");return 0;}}}}
                                                                                 ^
QR.c:2:13092: error: expected identifier or ‘(’ before ‘}’ token
      \\\\\\\"s)))\\\").Replace(\\\"~\\\",\\\"\\\\\\\\\\\"));}}\");}");return 0;}}}}
                                                                                  ^
QR.c:2:13093: error: expected identifier or ‘(’ before ‘}’ token
      \\\\\\\"s)))\\\").Replace(\\\"~\\\",\\\"\\\\\\\\\\\"));}}\");}");return 0;}}}}
                                                                                   ^
quine-relay% clang -o QR QR.c
QR.c:2:13091: error: extraneous closing brace ('}')
QR.c:2:13092: error: extraneous closing brace ('}')
QR.c:2:13093: error: extraneous closing brace ('}')
3 errors generated.

This is for

tcc version 0.9.26 (x86-64 Linux)
gcc (GCC) 5.2.0
clang version 3.7.0 (tags/RELEASE_370/final)

The preceeding step is using the beef brainfuck compiler: http://kiyuko.org/software/beef

This is for the "50"-branch, on 64-bit Arch Linux.

Publish paper describing approach

This is more than a cool program – it's a computer science breakthrough! Apparently, you have discovered a method for constructing quines based on an arbitrary blueprint involving any amount of languages.

Please write a technical paper describing your approach. I'm sure you'll have no trouble finding a CS journal that will publish it.

Fails when compiling with gcc

Hi, all the steps up until gcc succeeds:

gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.cpp
QR.c:1:1: error: stray ‘\33’ in program
 #include<stdio.h>
 ^
QR.c:1:2: error: expected identifier or ‘(’ before ‘[’ token
 #include<stdio.h>
  ^
QR.c:1:4: error: invalid suffix "h" on integer constant
 #include<stdio.h>
    ^
QR.c:1:9: error: stray ‘#’ in program
 #include<stdio.h>
         ^

I'm on 32-bit Arch Linux.

Versions:

ruby 2.0.0p247 (2013-06-27 revision 41674) [i686-linux]
Scala compiler version 2.10.0-20121205-235900-18481cef9b -- Copyright 2002-2012, LAMP/EPFL
Gauche scheme shell, version 0.9.3.3 [utf-8,pthreads], i686-pc-linux-gnu
GNU bash, version 4.2.45(2)-release (i686-pc-linux-gnu)
GNU Smalltalk version 3.2.5
tclsh 8.6
Vala 0.20.1
Icarus Verilog version 0.9.6  (v0_9_6)
GNATMAKE 4.8.1
Algol 68 Genie 2.7
GNU Awk 4.1.0, API: 1.0 (GNU MPFR 3.1.2, GNU MP 5.1.2)
Boo Compiler version 0.9.4.9 (3.0.7 (tarball Fri May 24 20:12:53 UTC 2013))
Beef 1.0.0
gcc (GCC) 4.8.1

(I'm trying to make the whole chain work on Arch Linux, building and submitting packages as I go).

Clojure stopped working

Hi,

When running quine-relay with Clojure 1.6.0 (released around 2014-03-26), the chain of compilation stops. I'm on 64-bit Arch Linux. This is the error message:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resolve symbol:  in this context, compiling:(/home/alexander/.quine-relay/QR.clj:0:0)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6464)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6406)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.eval(Compiler.java:6707)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.load(Compiler.java:7130)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.loadFile(Compiler.java:7086)
at clojure.main$load_script.invoke(main.clj:274)
at clojure.main$script_opt.invoke(main.clj:336)
at clojure.main$main.doInvoke(main.clj:420)
at clojure.lang.RestFn.invoke(RestFn.java:408)
at clojure.lang.Var.invoke(Var.java:379)
at clojure.lang.AFn.applyToHelper(AFn.java:154)
at clojure.lang.Var.applyTo(Var.java:700)
at clojure.main.main(main.java:37)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resolve symbol:  in this context
at clojure.lang.Util.runtimeException(Util.java:221)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.resolveIn(Compiler.java:6940)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.resolve(Compiler.java:6884)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyzeSymbol(Compiler.java:6845)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6427)
... 12 more

Best regards,
Alexander Rødseth

FPC rejects >255 char string

When I get to the line that uses the fpc compiler, fpc QR.pas && ./QR > QR.pl, I get the following error message:

Compiling QR.pas
QR.pas(1,32) Error: Constant strings can't be longer than 255 chars
QR.pas(2) Fatal: There were 1 errors compiling module, stopping
Fatal: Compilation aborted

I'm trying to find an option flag for the compiler that will make it accept longer constant strings, but can't find one so far.

Naturally, this also can be fixed by breaking it into shorter strings concatenated by +, so long as you could chase the relay back up to the point where they should be inserted.

*Ouroboros

Just saying, your description has a typo. :)

Scala build error

Hi,
congratulations on your madness.
I am trying to build your Rube Goldberg Eternatron. I've got 83 K of Scala from your initial Ruby file, but then ran into trouble:

error: scala.reflect.internal.MissingRequirementError: object java.lang.Object in compiler mirror not found.
    at scala.reflect.internal.MissingRequirementError$.signal(MissingRequirementError.scala:17)
    at scala.reflect.internal.MissingRequirementError$.notFound(MissingRequirementError.scala:18)
    at scala.reflect.internal.Mirrors$RootsBase.getModuleOrClass(Mirrors.scala:53)
    at scala.reflect.internal.Mirrors$RootsBase.getModuleOrClass(Mirrors.scala:45)
    at scala.reflect.internal.Mirrors$RootsBase.getModuleOrClass(Mirrors.scala:45)
    at scala.reflect.internal.Mirrors$RootsBase.getModuleOrClass(Mirrors.scala:66)
    at scala.reflect.internal.Mirrors$RootsBase.getClassByName(Mirrors.scala:102)
    at scala.reflect.internal.Mirrors$RootsBase.getRequiredClass(Mirrors.scala:105)
    at scala.reflect.internal.Definitions$DefinitionsClass.ObjectClass$lzycompute(Definitions.scala:257)
    at scala.reflect.internal.Definitions$DefinitionsClass.ObjectClass(Definitions.scala:257)
    at scala.reflect.internal.Definitions$DefinitionsClass.init(Definitions.scala:1394)
    at scala.tools.nsc.Global$Run.<init>(Global.scala:1215)
    at scala.tools.nsc.Driver.doCompile(Driver.scala:31)
    at scala.tools.nsc.MainClass.doCompile(Main.scala:23)
    at scala.tools.nsc.Driver.process(Driver.scala:51)
    at scala.tools.nsc.Driver.main(Driver.scala:64)
    at scala.tools.nsc.Main.main(Main.scala)

I am using the build instructions provided "manually", because the Makefile complains that I do not have all the compilers (Scheme, in my case). That's true, but only because I lack the 3.5 GB of disk space to install all the missing ones (don't worry, I'll buy a new disk soon to rectify this!).
ruby QR.rb > QR.scala
completes fine.
scalac QR.scala && scala QR > QR.scm
yields the error above.

Why?

Why? Why? Why?

Failed at Fortran

> gfortran -o QR QR.f && ./QR > QR.f90
gfortran: internal compiler error: Killed (program f951)
Please submit a full bug report,
with preprocessed source if appropriate.
See <file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs> for instructions.
> gfortran --version
GNU Fortran (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 4.6.3
Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

GNU Fortran comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
You may redistribute copies of GNU Fortran
under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
For more information about these matters, see the file named COPYING

The source file is 27685 lines long, so I'm going to pass on putting it here.

> lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
Release:    12.04
Codename:   precise

I used your apt-get line to install everything (except clojure; couldn't find package clojure1.4). Do I need to upgrade Fortran?

maxima: debugger invoked on a SB-INT:SIMPLE-CONTROL-ERROR

Hi!

Compiling with Maxima 5.34.1 on 64-bit Arch Linux:

maxima -q --init-mac=QR.mac > QR.il

debugger invoked on a SB-INT:SIMPLE-CONTROL-ERROR in thread
#<THREAD "main thread" RUNNING {100532ED53}>:
  attempt to THROW to a tag that does not exist: RETURN-FROM-DEBUGGER

Type HELP for debugger help, or (SB-EXT:EXIT) to exit from SBCL.

restarts (invokable by number or by possibly-abbreviated name):
  0: [MACSYMA-QUIT] Maxima top-level
  1: [CONTINUE    ] Ignore runtime option --eval "(cl-user::run)".
  2: [ABORT       ] Skip rest of --eval and --load options.
  3:                Skip to toplevel READ/EVAL/PRINT loop.
  4: [EXIT        ] Exit SBCL (calling #'EXIT, killing the process).

("no debug information for frame")
0] 
  • xyproto

Invalid character in name (Fortran90 -> Go)

Hi,

When running the latest revision of quine-relay on Arch Linux, I get the following error:

#######################
##  Fortran90 -> Go  ##
#######################

gfortran -o QR QR.f90
QR.f90:25380.10:

         &A,&
          1
Error: Invalid character in name at (1)
QR.f90:38057.10:

         &char(112 ),&
          1
Error: Invalid character in name at (1)
QR.f90:50744.23:

         end program QR
                       1
Error: Syntax error in END PROGRAM statement at (1)
make: *** [QR.go] Error 1

This is the version of gfortran:

GNU Fortran (GCC) 4.8.1 20130725 (prerelease)

Thanks

Fail

So I did:

dsm@work ~/workspace/toys % git clone https://github.com/mame/quine-relay.git
Cloning into 'quine-relay'...
remote: Counting objects: 273, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (153/153), done.
remote: Total 273 (delta 159), reused 224 (delta 118)
Receiving objects: 100% (273/273), 329.72 KiB | 174 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (159/159), done.
dsm@work ~/workspace/toys % ll
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 3 dsm dsm 4096 Aug 15 16:37 ./
drwxrwxr-x 9 dsm dsm 4096 Aug 15 16:37 ../
drwxr-xr-x 4 dsm dsm 4096 Aug 15 16:37 quine-relay/
dsm@work ~/workspace/toys % cd quine-relay 
dsm@work ~/workspace/toys/quine-relay
 % ruby QR.rb    
QR.rb:54: (eval):53: (eval):1: compile error (SyntaxError)
(eval):1: syntax error, unexpected '>'
B=92.chr;N=10.chr;n=0;e=->(s){Q[Q[s,B],?"].gsub(N,B+?n)}...
                          ^
(eval):1: syntax error, unexpected '{', expecting $end
B=92.chr;N=10.chr;n=0;e=->(s){Q[Q[s,B],?"].gsub(N,B+?n)};E=-...
                              ^
dsm@work ~/workspace/toys/quine-relay
 % 

oops.

Running on:
ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30 patchlevel 352) [i686-linux]
Linux work 3.2.0-51-generic-pae #77-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 24 20:40:32 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

Unable to pass lisaac step

I'm unable to pass the lisaac step.

I tried on a fresh install, I tried with the dockerfile. That used to work but it's now broken somehow.

lisaac qr.li && ./qr > QR.ll

ERROR: `-lm' library for GCC not found.

Error on Maxima -> MiniZinc

Running from the Docker image built locally on Docker for Mac, I get the following error when running make:

##############################
##  77: Maxima -> MiniZinc  ##
##############################

maxima -q --init-mac=QR.mac > QR.mzn
Makefile:685: recipe for target 'QR.mzn' failed
make: *** [QR.mzn] Error 255
make: *** Deleting file 'QR.mzn'

When I run the command maxima -q --init-mac=QR.mac I get the following:

personality failure 1

I verified that the file SHA1 matches.

root@bfa052cfb044:/usr/local/share/quine-relay# sha1sum QR.mac
a92ec44504c8ff952bb9adc5d572ae78ec344e2d  QR.mac
root@bfa052cfb044:/usr/local/share/quine-relay# cat SHA1SUMS | grep QR.mac
a92ec44504c8ff952bb9adc5d572ae78ec344e2d *QR.mac

optionally use `guile` for Scheme

Many systems have Guile installed as a dependency of various other programs. It is a Scheme implementation:

guile QR.scm > QR.bash

Fails on INTERCAL with =< 2 GB RAM

Ubuntu 13.04 64bit 2GB RAM (Virtualbox):

##########################
##  INTERCAL -> Jasmin  ##
##########################

mv QR.c QR.c.bak
ick -b QR.i
gcc: internal compiler error: Ucciso (program cc1)
Please submit a full bug report,
with preprocessed source if appropriate.
See <file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.7/README.Bugs> for instructions.

Resolved growing the RAM to 4GB. Maybe it could help someone :-)

Icon -> INTERCAL fails

Sadness ensues =(

########################
##  Icon -> INTERCAL  ##
########################

icont -s QR.icn
File QR.icn; Line 1 # "%": invalid argument
File QR.icn; Line 1 # "%": invalid argument
File QR.icn; Line 1 # "%": invalid argument
make: *** [QR.i] Error 1

Version:

$ dpkg -s icont
Package: icont
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: devel
Installed-Size: 176
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Architecture: amd64
Source: icon
Version: 9.4.3-3
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.7)
Recommends: iconx
Suggests: icon-ipl

Note I got a warning from Cobol:

#############################
##  Cobol -> CoffeeScript  ##
#############################

cobc -O2 -x QR.cob
/tmp/cob3127_0.c: In function ‘QR_’:
/tmp/cob3127_0.c:77:7: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
       (*(int *) (b_1)) = 0;
       ^
/tmp/cob3127_0.c:78:7: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
       (*(int *) (b_2)) = 0;
       ^
/tmp/cob3127_0.c:79:7: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
       (*(int *) (b_3)) = 0;
       ^
/tmp/cob3127_0.c:90:3: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
   (*(int *) (b_3))   = cob_call_params;
   ^
/tmp/cob3127_0.c:109:5: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
     cob_stop_run ((*(int *) (b_1)));
     ^
/tmp/cob3127_0.c:113:3: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
   return (*(int *) (b_1));
   ^
./QR > QR.coffee

I installed everything with the apt-get command provided, except manually installed Clojure 1.4 and Ruby 2.0.0 .

Nemerle language

Can you add Nemerle language ( http://nemerle.org/ ) ?

Examples of quines in Nemerle: ( https://rsdn.org/forum/nemerle/4540959.all )

#pragma indent

def s = <##pragma indent

def s = <#{0}#>

System.Console.WriteLine(s, s)#>

System.Console.WriteLine(s, s)

or

def s= <#def s= <#{0}#>;System.Console.WriteLine(s, s)#>;System.Console.WriteLine(s, s)

Syntax of '<# ... #>' means string.
It is same as " ... " but allows any character and allows recursion.

Thanks.

Explaint it!

I ran your code on ubuntu 13.04.
I had to download more then 1Gb of stuff from apt-get, and during some compilations the computer would hang for a while, but in the end it worked beatifully. I and my coworkers around me were fascinated with it.
When I opened meld with QR.rb and QR2.rb, everyone screamed a big "WHOOOAA!"... it was really fun. Thank you for this :-)

Now, I'm very curious to understand how is this even possible.

Do you think you could explain, in a high level how do you go about building something like this?

For example, start with how you would build a Quine with 2 languages (like Python and Java), and how would you add a third language, and how could you play with characters positioning to get a arbitrary ascii art and still get the desired end result.

You might want to answer here or make a blog post about it, whatever you think it's best.

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