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Geometry Engine, Open Source

Home Page: https://libgeos.org

License: GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1

CMake 0.68% Shell 0.18% C++ 93.81% C 4.66% Batchfile 0.01% HTML 0.63% CSS 0.01% Dockerfile 0.01% Perl 0.01%

c c-plus-plus cpp geometry

geos's Introduction

GEOS -- Geometry Engine, Open Source

GEOS is a C++ library for performing operations on two-dimensional vector geometries. It is primarily a port of the JTS Topology Suite Java library. It provides many of the algorithms used by PostGIS, the Shapely package for Python, the sf package for R, and others.

More information is available the project homepage.

The official Git repository is at GitHub.

Build Status

CI	CI	CI
GitHub	Bessie	Debbie
GitLab CI	Bessie32	Winnie
	Berrie	Dronie
	Berrie64

Community Resources

Website: https://libgeos.org
git repository: https://github.com/libgeos/geos
geos-devel mailing list and archive
#geos chat channel (all bridged):
- Matrix: https://matrix.to/#/#geos:osgeo.org
- IRC: irc://irc.libera.chat/#osgeo-geos (https://kiwiirc.com/nextclient/irc.libera.chat/#osgeo-geos)
- Slack: https://osgeo.slack.com/messages/C07RKJ06B/

Build/Install

See the INSTALL file.

Reference Docs

See also the C API tutorial and the C++ API tutorial. There are code examples in the code repository.

Client Applications

Using the C interface

GEOS promises long-term stability of the C API. In general, successive releases of the C API may add new functions but will not remove or change existing types or function signatures. The C library uses the C++ interface, but the C library follows normal ABI-change-sensitive versioning, so programs that link only against the C library should work without relinking when GEOS is upgraded. For this reason, it is recommended to use the C API for software that is intended to be dynamically linked to a system install of GEOS.

The geos-config program can be used to determine appropriate compiler and linker flags for building against the C library:

CFLAGS += `geos-config --cflags`
LDFLAGS += `geos-config --ldflags` -lgeos_c

All functionality of the C API is available through the geos_c.h header file.

Documentation for the C API is provided via comments in the geos_c.h header file. C API usage examples can be found in the GEOS unit tests and in the source code of software that uses GEOS, such as PostGIS and the sf package for R.

Using the C++ interface

The C++ interface to GEOS provides a more natural API for C++ programs, as well as additional functionality that has not been exposed in the C API. However, developers who decide to use the C++ interface should be aware that GEOS does not promise API or ABI stability of the C++ API between releases. Breaking changes in the C++ API/ABI are not typically announced or included in the NEWS file.

The C++ library name will change on every minor release.

The geos-config program can be used to determine appropriate compiler and linker flags for building against the C++ library:

CFLAGS += `geos-config --cflags`
LDFLAGS += `geos-config --ldflags` -lgeos

A compiler warning may be issued when building against the C++ library. To remove the compiler warning, define USE_UNSTABLE_GEOS_CPP_API somewhere in the program.

Commonly-used functionality of GEOS is available in the geos.h header file. Less-common functionality can be accessed by including headers for individual classes, e.g. #include <geos/algorithm/distance/DiscreteHausdorffDistance.h>.

#include <geos.h>

C++ usage examples can be found in examples.

Using other languages

GEOS has bindings in many languages, see the bindings page.

Documentation

API documentation can be generated using Doxygen. Documentation is not included in the default build. To build the documentation, run:

cmake -DBUILD_DOCUMENTATION=YES
cmake --build . --target docs

Style

To format your code into the desired style, use the astyle version included in source tree:

tools/astyle.sh <yourfile.cpp>

Testing

See documentation in tests/README.md.

Tools

geosop - a CLI for GEOS. Documentation is in util/geosop/README.md.

geos's People

Contributors

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geos's Issues

MultiLineString/Polygon difference runs abnormally slow in some circumstances

@LoicGoulefert and I ran into a test case where the difference between a MultiLineString and a simple Polygon would yield unusually large processing times (at least many minutes). The MLS contains ~100 lines, including some that are seriously degenerate. However, the polygon intersects only 2 lines, both of which being "normal".

Here is what the data looks like:

Here are the WKT for the data:

MultiLineString: mls_wkt.txt.zip
Polygon: polygon_wkt.txt

Unfortunately, I'm not a C++ user so I'm unable to prepare a demonstration example. The pygeos issue I originally filled (pygeos/pygeos#195) has some additional information and demo python scripts (both pygeos and shapely). While workaround were easily identified for our usage, we think this issue might still be worth investigating.

How to convert between CRSes (using Proj)?

I want to read in WKT serialized shapes in one CRS and return the WKT serialization of their corresponding shapes in a different CRS.

I was assuming this was a common operation, but I have not yet been able to get this functionality to work. I know that there are command-line tools that can do this (ogr2ogr from the GDAL project comes to mind, but I need a low-level function, and could not find this low-level function within the somewhat large and complex GDAL code base).

After some research I have come to the following understanding:

Library GEOS is able to read and write WKT serializations of shapes, but is not able to do CRS transformations.
Library Proj is able to do CRS transformations, but is not able to read and write WKT serializations for shapes (only WKT serializations for CRSes).

Given that my seemingly simple task is split across two libraries, what is the simplest way to convert datatype GEOSGeometry (GEOS) into datatype PJ_COORD (Proj), and back again? Preferably without too much loss of performance.

(I also have the feeling that I am overlooking something: is translating geometries between CRSes really this difficult with modern libraries? I'm hoping there is a straightforward solution somewhere that I have simply missed in my web searches ;-) )

makeValid generates unexpected output

std::string wkt = "FROM TXT FILE";
geos::operation::valid::MakeValid makeValid;
geos::io::WKTReader wktReader;
std::shared_ptr geometry(wktReader.read(wkt));
std::cout << "preMkValid: " << geometry->getArea() << endl;
geometry = makeValid.build(geometry.get());
std::cout << "postMkValid: " << geometry->getArea() << endl;

Output is:
preMkValid: 1.11382
postMkValid: 4205.05

Attached is the wkt. After calling make valid, the difference in area becomes massive. This is a bathymetry geometry. The original geometry is just the border (first image with ice sheet unfilled), but after calling makeValid.build(geom), the new geometry becomes the entire ice sheet (second image with ice sheet filled). Desirably, it should still resemble the original geometry with just its borders.

GoesBathymetryBug.txt

CMake build does not install symlinks for libgeos.so.<version>

Using 3.8.0 release tar ball from github and using cmake:

mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
make install

Symlink to libgeos_c.so.1.13.1 are installed but not for libgeos.so.3.8.0, note that symlink is present in the build/lib folder but doesn't get copied into /usr/lib/ by make install

Install the project...
-- Install configuration: "Release"
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libgeos.so.3.8.0
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libgeos_c.so.1.13.1
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libgeos_c.so.1
-- Set runtime path of "/usr/local/lib/libgeos_c.so.1.13.1" to ""
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libgeos_c.so
...

I'm using cmake 3.16.0 on Ubuntu 18.04

cmake --version
cmake version 3.16.0

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

Why mitre_limit parameter influence on result distance in buffer method?

Good day! So I have a simple question why a is not equal b?

makevalid failure

std::vector v;
v.push_back(Coordinate(2.22, 2.28));
v.push_back(Coordinate(7.67, 2.06));
v.push_back(Coordinate(10.98, 7.70));
v.push_back(Coordinate(9.39, 5.00));
v.push_back(Coordinate(7.96, 7.12));
v.push_back(Coordinate(6.77, 5.16));
v.push_back(Coordinate(7.43, 6.24));
v.push_back(Coordinate(3.70, 7.22));
v.push_back(Coordinate(5.72, 5.77));
v.push_back(Coordinate(4.18, 10.74));
v.push_back(Coordinate(2.20, 6.83));
v.push_back(Coordinate(2.22, 2.28));

geos::geom::Polygon* errplyg = MakePolygon(v);
wkt_print_geom(errplyg);
MakeValid mkvalid;
try {
auto validGeom = mkvalid.build(errplyg);
wkt_print_geom(validGeom.get());
} catch (const GEOSException& exc) {
cerr << "GEOS Exception: " << exc.what() << "\n";
exit(1);
} catch (const exception& e) {
cerr << "Standard exception thrown: " << e.what() << endl;
exit(1);
}
// and this is a catch-all non standard ;)
catch (...) {
cerr << "unknown exception trown!\n";
exit(1);
}
/////////////
raise debug assertion failed in mkvalid.build(errplyg), error :
...\include\vector Line: 1742
Expression: vector subscript out of range

CMake fails to enable developer flags when building from alternate git working tree

The CMake configuration checks for .git/HEAD to see if developer flags (warnings, etc.) should be enabled. But this will not be present if building from an alternate working tree created with git worktree.

Length of the Geometry.

Hi,

I am creating a LineString object using GeometryFactory and specifying a PrecisionModel. I do that as follows:
PrecisionModel* pm = new PrecisionModel(10000);
auto global_factory = GeometryFactory::create(pm, 3857)

The CoordinateArraySequence contains geographical coordinates in decimal degrees, the longitude and latitude. The LineString is created as follows:
const Geometry* ls = global_factory->createLineString(cl);, where
cl is the CoordinateArraySequence*.

When I do ls->getLength(), the length I see is wrong. It gives me some garbage values. Where am I going wrong?

Any help will be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

Ring Self-intersection

I was getting an error about a self-intersecting ring when I tried to take the CascadedUnion of the following two shapes:

MULTIPOLYGON(((2.0625 0.957,2.06274 0.959439,2.06345 0.961784,2.06461 0.963945,2.06616 0.965839,2.06806 0.967393,2.07022 0.968548,2.07256 0.96926,2.075 0.9695,2.07744 0.96926,2.07978 0.968548,2.08194 0.967393,2.08384 0.965839,2.08539 0.963945,2.08655 0.961784,2.08726 0.959439,2.0875 0.957,2.0875 0.882,2.08726 0.879561,2.08655 0.877216,2.08539 0.875055,2.08384 0.873161,2.08194 0.871607,2.07978 0.870452,2.07744 0.86974,2.075 0.8695,2.07256 0.86974,2.07022 0.870452,2.06806 0.871607,2.06616 0.873161,2.06461 0.875055,2.06345 0.877216,2.06274 0.879561,2.0625 0.882,2.0625 0.957)))

MULTIPOLYGON(((2.175 0.9695,2.17744 0.96926,2.17978 0.968548,2.18194 0.967393,2.18384 0.965839,2.18539 0.963945,2.18655 0.961784,2.18726 0.959439,2.1875 0.957,2.18726 0.954561,2.18655 0.952216,2.18539 0.950055,2.18384 0.948161,2.18194 0.946607,2.17978 0.945452,2.17744 0.94474,2.175 0.9445,2.1 0.9445,2.09756 0.94474,2.09522 0.945452,2.09306 0.946607,2.09116 0.948161,2.08961 0.950055,2.08845 0.952216,2.08774 0.954561,2.0875 0.957,2.08774 0.959439,2.08845 0.961784,2.08961 0.963945,2.09116 0.965839,2.09306 0.967393,2.09522 0.968548,2.09756 0.96926,2.1 0.9695,2.175 0.9695)))

The error seems to have been fixed by commit be81a1e , which enables OverlayNG by default.

Build errors on a Mac ARM64 system

Hello,
I am trying to build libgeos on my Mac ARM64 system (MBP 2020). When I build the library, there are errors as below:

isong@Insangs-MacBook-Pro geos-3.8.1 % sudo make
/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make  all-recursive
Making all in include
/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make  all-recursive
Making all in geos
Making all in algorithm
Making all in locate

[truncated]

duplicate symbol 'vtable for geos::noding::BasicSegmentString' in:
    .libs/inlines.o
    noding/.libs/libnoding.a(BasicSegmentString.o)
duplicate symbol 'typeinfo name for geos::noding::BasicSegmentString' in:
    .libs/inlines.o
    noding/.libs/libnoding.a(BasicSegmentString.o)
duplicate symbol 'typeinfo for geos::noding::BasicSegmentString' in:
    .libs/inlines.o
    noding/.libs/libnoding.a(BasicSegmentString.o)
ld: 3 duplicate symbols for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[3]: *** [libgeos.la] Error 1
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2

Does anyone have any idea for this problem?
Thank you.

Update swig

need to update swig/geos.i file in order to include the latest functions of capi/geos_c.h
need to support java in swig

GEOSLargestEmptyCircle returns circles which partially fall outside the boundary

Using the GEOSLargestEmptyCircle_r method with a polygon boundary I frequently see results where the returned linestring center sits right on the boundary line, e.g. in the example below (grey is the boundary, red is the geometry, and blue is the result)

This seems counter-intuitive to me. If the boundary is specfied then I would expect the returned circle to sit completely within this boundary, instead of the current behaviour which seems to be that the circle center has to be inside the boundary.

Possibly this is the intended behaviour, in which case this is a documentation issue.

CMake config exports path causing compilation problems on MSVC

The cmake target include directories for geos and geos_c add the geos subdirectory to the install interface:

target_include_directories(geos_c
PUBLIC
    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}>
    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include/geos>)

This directory contains the very generic io.h which clashes on windows with io.h header from the windows sdk.

I think the $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include/geos> entry should be removed as includes of the c++ api are done with geos/ prefix anyway.

same for the geos target.

geos-config reports wrong libs for mingw/msys2 on Windows

After compiling and installing geos on Windows under mingw and msys2, -geos-config --libs prints this:

-L/home/eyal0/.local/lib -lgeos-3.8.1

However, those flags do not work. I tried every combination of one of these:

-L/home/eyal0/.local/lib
-L/home/eyal0/.local/bin

with one of these:

-lgeos
-llibgeos
-lgeos-3.8.1
-llibgeos-3.8.1

The only two combinations that work on Windows are:

-L/home/eyal0/.local/lib -lgeos
-L/home/eyal0/.local/lib -llibgeos

On Unix, these two work:

-L/home/eyal0/.local/lib -lgeos
-L/home/eyal0/.local/lib -lgeos-3.8.1

That first one is in common on both so I suggest that geos-config return the former in all cases.

Unit of distance.

Hi,

I am finding hard to understand the unit of double distance, the width of the buffer around a geometry. When I am trying to form a buffer around a linestring or any geometry, what units should the width of the buffer be? Please let me know.

Thanks.

Docker image for geosop

Hello!

I read @dr-jts' post on geosop and thought it looked handy. I was wondering if there would be support for maintaining a Docker image that would make it easier for people to make use of it.

Something like the Dockerfile below should do the trick (the default VERSON of 47f145e was just to get something going):

FROM docker.osgeo.org/geos/build-test:alpine AS base
ARG VERSION=47f145e

WORKDIR /source
RUN wget --quiet https://github.com/libgeos/geos/archive/${VERSION}.tar.gz --output-document - \
  | tar xz --directory=. --strip-components=1

WORKDIR /build
RUN cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D BUILD_BENCHMARKS=OFF -D BUILD_TESTING=OFF /source \
  && make install \
  && cp bin/geosop /usr/local/bin/geosop

WORKDIR /install/bin
RUN cp --no-dereference /usr/local/bin/geos* . \
  && for i in ./*; do strip -s $i 2>/dev/null || /bin/true; done

WORKDIR /install/lib
RUN cp --no-dereference /usr/local/lib64/libgeos*.so.* . \ 
  && for i in ./*; do strip -s $i 2>/dev/null || /bin/true; done


FROM alpine
RUN apk add --no-cache libstdc++
COPY --from=base /install/bin/geos* /usr/local/bin/
COPY --from=base /install/lib/libgeos* /usr/local/lib/

ENTRYPOINT ["geosop"]

If this were tagged & published as docker.osgeo.org/geos/geosop:alpine, then people could do this to try out geosop:

docker run --rm docker.osgeo.org/geos/geosop:alpine -a 'POINT(1 2)' --format=wkt buffer 3

The resulting image is just under 11 MB - so not great, but also not too bad.

I guess this would be something that might live in https://git.osgeo.org/gitea/geos/geos-docker. It seems like the same image (without the geosop entrypoint) could also be useful for people wanting to start with a geos install (though I'm uncertain if the install above is sufficient for all purposes). Let me know if this is a better question for that issue tracker or someplace else.

MinimumBoundingCircle::pointWithMinAngleWithSegment needs to protect index access

pointWithMinAngleWithSegment references into a Coordinate array without checking if it can do it.

	double minAng = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
	if (pts.size() > 1)
		const Coordinate* minAngPt = &pts[0];
	else
		return Coordinate::getNull();

Broken documentation link on main geos web page

The following link is provided under https://trac.osgeo.org/geos/#DocumentationandOtherInformation :

GEOS API -- Doxygen-generate API documentation - http://geos.osgeo.org/doxygen/

But the link is broken.

Geometry->difference() crashes

I originally opened this issue in gdal repository, but it turns out to be a geos error.
So open it here.

With the following code I expect to get the difference between two geometries

Instead I get the following error:

/usr/include/c++/7/debug/vector:424:
Error: attempt to subscript container with out-of-bounds index 2, but 
container only holds 2 elements.

Objects involved in the operation:
    sequence "this" @ 0x0x555555772548 {
      type = std::__debug::vector<geos::geom::Coordinate, std::allocator<geos::geom::Coordinate> >;
    }

which happens in this vector access

Steps to reproduce the problem.

Compile the following code with geos 3.8.0.

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

#include <geos/geom/GeometryFactory.h>
#include <geos/geom/Geometry.h>
#include <geos/io/WKTWriter.h>
#include <geos/io/WKTReader.h>

struct Rectangle {
  double west = -180.0;
  double east = 180.0;
  double south = -90.0;
  double north = 90.0;
};
std::unique_ptr< geos::geom::Geometry >  CreateRectangleGeometry(const Rectangle& rect) {
  auto wkt_reader = geos::io::WKTReader();
  std::string wkt = "POLYGON((" + 
                    std::to_string(rect.west) + " " + 
                    std::to_string(rect.north) + ", " + 
                    std::to_string(rect.east) + " " + 
                    std::to_string(rect.north) + ", "+ 
                    std::to_string(rect.east) + " " + 
                    std::to_string(rect.south) + ", " + 
                    std::to_string(rect.west) + " " + 
                    std::to_string(rect.south) +", " + 
                    std::to_string(rect.west) + " " + 
                    std::to_string(rect.north) +
                    "))";
  auto geom = wkt_reader.read(wkt);
  return geom;

}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
  Rectangle rect;
  rect.west = 0.0;
  rect.east = 2.0;
  rect.south = 0.0;
  rect.north = 2.0;

  Rectangle rect2;
  rect2.west = 0.1;
  rect2.east = 4.0;
  rect2.south = 0.1;
  rect2.north = 1.9;
  
  auto geom1 = CreateRectangleGeometry(rect);
  auto geom2 = CreateRectangleGeometry(rect2);
  auto geom3 = geom2->difference(geom1.get());

  geos::io::WKTWriter writer;
  std::cout << writer.write(geom3.get());
  return 0;
}

Operating system

Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS 64 bit

GEOS version

Self compiled GEOS 3.8.0.

Parameter resolution in buffer method doesn't work properly

geos-config from cmake does not match that from autotools

The geos-config file generated under cmake does not match that for autotools, which later impacts on GDAL builds under FreeBSD (via Cirrus CI) using a perl alien ecosystem (overall CI system at https://github.com/shawnlaffan/geo-gdal-ffi-canary/).

Differences noted are from the 3.9.0 release tarball.

The main difference seems to be due to these lines (autotools, then cmake):

geos/tools/geos-config.in

Line 52 in 395e6c2

echo -L${libdir} -lgeos-@VERSION_RELEASE@

geos/tools/geos-config.cmake

Line 45 in 395e6c2

echo -L${libdir} -lgeos-@GEOS_VERSION_MAJOR@

In autotools this results in

      echo -L${libdir} -lgeos-3.9.0

under cmake this results in

      echo -L${libdir} -lgeos-3

Should the cmake file use -lgeos-@GEOS_VERSION@ instead of -lgeos-@GEOS_VERSION_MAJOR@?

As an additional data point, libgeos-3.9.0.so is generated under autotools, but not under cmake. Instead, libgeos.so.3.9.0 is created. Similarly, autotools has libgeos_c.so.17 while cmake has libgeos_c.so.1. Perhaps that should be a separate issue, though.

Thanks,
Shawn.

C++ unstable warning can't be depressed.

#define USE_UNSTABLE_GEOS_CPP_API can't stop the compiler warning. ""
And the warning is only stoppable in current version by define both _MSC_VER and USE_UNSTABLE_GEOS_CPP_API.
But define _MSC_VER may potentially cause other issues.

In geos/include/geos/geom/Geometry.h

#ifndef USE_UNSTABLE_GEOS_CPP_API
#ifndef _MSC_VER
# warning "The GEOS C++ API is unstable, please use the C API instead"
# warning "HINT: #include geos_c.h"
#else
#pragma message("The GEOS C++ API is unstable, please use the C API instead")
#pragma message("HINT: #include geos_c.h")
#endif
#endif

New algorithm for planar `st_make_valid`

GEOS 3.10 will include a new method for making invalid geometries valid. Should this method become the default in sf ? Is there interest in exposing parameters for the "MakeValid" algortithm in sf ? Currently the parameters would be:

choice of algorithm
whether "collapsed geometries" should be retained (e.g., an invalid polygon that is turned into a line)

The major difference between the two algorithms is the handling of invalid polygons with self-intersections and overlaps Here's some examples of how the new algorithm handles invalid polygonal geometry:

Polygon with self-overlap

Old result:

Polygon with overlapping holes

Old result:

MultiPolygon with overlapping elements

Old result:

Originally posted by @dr-jts in #433 (comment)

Inconsistent intersection between (Multi)Polygons

Hi,

Thanks for the great lib, since I'm now a maintainer of https://github.com/rgeo/rgeo, hence I use it a lot 🙂

Context

We recently encountered a weird intersection issue. I'll try to give you some context here, you can skip to reproduction if you want. We have a geometry subtraction tool in my company, so when we sub a geometry a from a geometry b, we get c (= b - a). The issue is that due to border simplification we sometimes have tiny polygons left here and there. So we added a tool to remove those if area is small enough. So now we get d (= filter(c, area > 1e-4). The issue is that it changes the intersection between the result (d or c) and a. Meaning inter(c, a) is a MultiLineString, which is expected. However inter(d, a) is a GeometryCollection containing a small polygon. And this really is not expected.

Reproduction

WKT files

The result of b - a (save it under c.wkt):

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47.014612, -0.587014 47.009192, -0.586932 47.006709, -0.58775 47.005337, -0.594749 47.002794, -0.597171 47.000769, -0.593961 46.998759, -0.595493 46.99791, -0.601611 46.997764, -0.618781 46.992342, -0.621938 46.993911, -0.62494 46.992792, -0.624561 46.994115, -0.627917 46.995691, -0.626743 46.996879, -0.63266 46.997508, -0.635438 46.995724, -0.640352 46.996116, -0.641046 46.994672, -0.642167 46.994818, -0.645504 46.99212, -0.646962 46.992308, -0.646391 46.99368, -0.649992 46.994917, -0.648025 46.996594, -0.650398 46.997689, -0.653462 46.997772, -0.657311 46.999199, -0.657708 46.9986, -0.660979 46.998839, -0.661627 46.997686, -0.669937 47.000802, -0.670368 47.002636, -0.671843 47.003185, -0.674719 47.001621, -0.676179 47.001885, -0.676831 47.000296, -0.674732 46.999172, -0.676007 46.997074, -0.675567 46.996648, -0.68038 46.993238, -0.678529 46.992114, -0.677686 46.989976, -0.680188 46.987659, -0.682981 46.98842, -0.686887 46.988065, -0.689599 46.990414, -0.689629 46.993058, -0.693412 46.992411, -0.696663 46.994873, -0.698748 46.99461, -0.700809 46.992531, -0.70435 46.992196, -0.703637 46.991424, -0.704682 46.990212, -0.712202 46.986674, -0.715947 46.98402, -0.718107 46.987193, -0.72926 46.995934, -0.732543 46.997508, -0.739475 46.998787, -0.743405 47.000992, -0.743626 46.994335, -0.74298 46.992012, -0.747754 46.991537, -0.753551 46.992972, -0.756819 46.991958, -0.761515 46.992264, -0.76411 46.992997, -0.765475 46.994016, -0.76528 46.994815, -0.767098 46.995785, -0.768885 46.995031, -0.768693 46.998337, -0.767998 46.99898, -0.768472 47.001449, -0.769335 47.002974, -0.771352 47.003471, -0.772268 47.004577, -0.773718 47.004606, -0.776458 47.003002, -0.778001 47.00428, -0.779699 47.004275, -0.781774 47.002141, -0.783438 47.001813, -0.784541 47.002807, -0.784486 47.004214, -0.786724 47.005452, -0.78967 47.003752, -0.789635 47.002406, -0.791189 47.0001, -0.796264 46.996051, -0.800662 46.994378, -0.804104 46.99387, -0.807032 46.994405, -0.810871 46.991732, -0.809145 46.99059, -0.808373 46.991571, -0.805102 46.989541, -0.807346 46.988608, -0.808466 46.986718, -0.809551 46.988562, -0.812299 46.989251, -0.812597 46.990568, -0.815701 46.989765, -0.811339 46.991774, -0.811747 46.994549, -0.815426 46.993264, -0.817527 46.993124, -0.81869 46.994079, -0.826568 46.992643, -0.836343 46.985762, -0.839504 46.985428, -0.842993 46.990173, -0.846592 46.986729, -0.847436 46.986872, -0.847915 46.982014, -0.849641 46.981979, -0.857129 46.978461, -0.85654 46.977397, -0.849242 46.97382, -0.8526 46.971008, -0.854617 46.971188, -0.860658 46.968886, -0.861437 46.969427, -0.861169 46.970234, -0.862803 46.970306, -0.862043 46.971125, -0.863063 46.971487, -0.863054 46.972617, -0.866704 46.973134, -0.867239 46.972541, -0.868179 46.973273, -0.869896 46.972059, -0.872356 46.973921, -0.87925 46.974666, -0.880167 46.975259, -0.879569 46.976065, -0.882064 46.977455, -0.882176 46.976556, -0.884937 46.977334, -0.885156 46.976298, -0.886918 46.976492, -0.888462 46.975566, -0.892187 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47.007348, -0.934844 47.005633, -0.936462 47.005257, -0.937296 47.003048, -0.938529 47.0034, -0.938673 47.002401, -0.939634 47.002783, -0.939812 47.002193, -0.940278 47.003189, -0.941698 47.00358, -0.944993 46.998988, -0.947166 46.999717, -0.948313 47.001307, -0.947959 47.003694, -0.951958 47.002736, -0.953334 47.000764, -0.95504 46.999919, -0.955661 46.99757, -0.954756 46.995966, -0.956737 46.996404, -0.958285 46.99543, -0.957388 46.994887, -0.960803 46.994723, -0.959851 46.995287, -0.962158 46.995809, -0.961741 46.997277, -0.963159 46.996458, -0.964354 46.997292, -0.963447 46.998099, -0.964984 46.999584, -0.963101 47.00063, -0.963229 47.001985, -0.964014 47.003068, -0.966535 47.002838, -0.968005 47.004208, -0.967052 47.005199, -0.965982 47.004729, -0.968678 47.006687, -0.967816 47.007355, -0.970504 47.007588, -0.972909 47.009056, -0.973483 47.008101, -0.975229 47.008652, -0.974932 47.010525, -0.973166 47.012531, -0.975314 47.013218, -0.973361 47.016124, -0.975663 47.01687, -0.976156 47.018317, -0.978354 47.018918, -0.981873 47.018124, -0.981502 47.017046, -0.982976 47.016083, -0.980279 47.014309, -0.982174 47.010593, -0.995514 47.017676, -0.999529 47.020687, -1.002179 47.02152, -1.000567 47.022544, -1.002044 47.024403, -1.000672 47.02556, -0.999402 47.025138, -1.000446 47.022611, -0.997423 47.022981, -0.995461 47.024415, -1.000034 47.027594, -1.001848 47.027837, -1.003761 47.02556, -1.005871 47.027086, -1.008565 47.027608, -1.00369 47.029205, -1.003499 47.034155))

Having the data saved in correct file, you can compile (I did it on a macos with clang and GEOS 3.9.1) and run the next source file:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <geos_c.h>

static char* read_file(const char * filename);
static void print_inter_type(const GEOSContextHandle_t handle, const GEOSGeom a, const GEOSGeom b);
static GEOSGeom geom_from_file(const GEOSContextHandle_t handle, const char * filename);
static GEOSGeom remove_little_polygons(const GEOSContextHandle_t handle, const GEOSGeom geom);

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
	GEOSContextHandle_t handle;
	GEOSGeom a, c, d;

	handle = GEOS_init_r();

	c = geom_from_file(handle, "c.wkt");
	a = geom_from_file(handle, "a.wkt");

	d = remove_little_polygons(handle, c);

	print_inter_type(handle, c, a);
	print_inter_type(handle, d, a);

	GEOSGeom_destroy_r(handle, a);
	GEOSGeom_destroy_r(handle, c);
	GEOSGeom_destroy_r(handle, d);
	GEOS_finish_r(handle);
	return 0;
}

static char* read_file(const char * filename) {
	char * buffer;
	long length;
	FILE * f = fopen (filename, "rb");

	if (f)
	{
		fseek (f, 0, SEEK_END);
		length = ftell (f);
		fseek (f, 0, SEEK_SET);
		buffer = malloc (length);
		if (buffer)
		{
			fread (buffer, 1, length, f);
		}
		fclose (f);
	}

	return buffer;
}

static void print_inter_type(const GEOSContextHandle_t handle, const GEOSGeom a, const GEOSGeom b) {
	GEOSGeom inter;
	char *buffer;
	inter = GEOSIntersection_r(handle, a, b);
	buffer = GEOSGeomType_r(handle, inter);
	printf("intersection type: %s\n", buffer);
	GEOSGeom_destroy_r(handle, inter);
	GEOSFree_r(handle, buffer);
}

static GEOSGeom geom_from_file(const GEOSContextHandle_t handle, const char * filename) {
	GEOSGeom result;
	GEOSWKTReader *reader;
	char *buffer;
	reader = GEOSWKTReader_create_r(handle);
	buffer = read_file(filename);
	result = GEOSWKTReader_read_r(handle, reader, buffer);
	free(buffer);
	GEOSWKTReader_destroy_r(handle, reader);
	return result;
}

static GEOSGeom remove_little_polygons(const GEOSContextHandle_t handle, const GEOSGeom geom) {
	size_t size, ngeoms = 0;
	GEOSGeom *geoms;
	GEOSGeom result;
	double area;
	size = GEOSGetNumGeometries_r(handle, geom);
	geoms = malloc(size * sizeof(GEOSGeom));
	for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
	{
		const GEOSGeometry *temp = GEOSGetGeometryN_r(handle, geom, i);
		GEOSArea_r(handle, temp, &area);
		if (area > 1e-4) {
			geoms[ngeoms++] = GEOSGeom_clone_r(handle, temp);
		}
	}


	result = GEOSGeom_createCollection_r(handle, GEOS_MULTIPOLYGON, geoms, ngeoms);
	free(geoms);
	return result;
}

expected:

intersection type: MultiLineString
intersection type: MultiLineString

actual:

intersection type: MultiLineString
intersection type: GeometryCollection

I can also give you the ruby reproduction, however I did the C version to make sure the issue was not rgeo related.

Thank you for reading, please let me know if you need more information, or more data.

Cheers,
Ulysse

Assert (0) with IsValid

Hi I noticed that there is an assert(0) which is making it hard to fail from this gracefully. (https://github.com/libgeos/geos/blob/master/src/operation/valid/IsValidOp.cpp at line 603). I have been using shapely for python and it relies on this module. Occasionally, I will receive some geometry that triggers this. I have tried to reproduce it by making a multipolygon that contains two polygons. One that has a hole and the other that perfectly fits that hole. However, when calling isvalid it says false. Am I misunderstanding this edge case? Is there any reason why this has to be an assert(0)? I am just curious and would like to understand more about this.

GEOSWithin gives bad results on big endian architectures (s390x)

Hello. In Fedora, we build geos for various architectures. One of them is s390x, which is big endian.

Python package Shapely was failing some tests on thich architecture and we tracked the problem to the following reporducer:

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <geos_c.h>

static void message_handler(const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list ap;

  va_start(ap, fmt);
  vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
  putc('\n', stderr);
  va_end(ap);
}

int main()
{
  GEOSCoordSeq polygon1, polygon2;
  GEOSGeom ring1, ring2;
  GEOSGeom poly1, poly2;
  char result;

  // Initialization
  initGEOS(message_handler, message_handler);

  // Create the first polygon
  polygon1 = GEOSCoordSeq_create(10, 2);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  0, 339);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  0, 346);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  1, 459);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  1, 346);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  2, 399);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  2, 311);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  3, 340);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  3, 277);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  4, 399);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  4, 173);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  5, 280);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  5, 242);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  6, 339);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  6, 415);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  7, 280);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  7, 381);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  8, 460);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  8, 207);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon1,  9, 339);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon1,  9, 346);
  ring1 = GEOSGeom_createLinearRing(polygon1);
  poly1 = GEOSGeom_createPolygon(ring1, NULL, 0);

  // Create the second polygon
  polygon2 = GEOSCoordSeq_create(12, 2);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  0, 339);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  0, 207);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  1, 280);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  1, 311);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  2, 460);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  2, 138);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  3, 399);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  3, 242);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  4, 459);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  4, 277);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  5, 459);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  5, 415);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  6, 399);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  6, 381);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  7, 519);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  7, 311);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  8, 520);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  8, 242);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2,  9, 519);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2,  9, 173);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2, 10, 399);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2, 10, 450);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setX(polygon2, 11, 339);
  GEOSCoordSeq_setY(polygon2, 11, 207);
  ring2 = GEOSGeom_createLinearRing(polygon2);
  poly2 = GEOSGeom_createPolygon(ring2, NULL, 0);

  // Check whether the second polygon is within the first
  result = GEOSWithin(poly1, poly2);
  printf("The result is %d\n", (int)result);

  // Cleanup
  GEOSGeom_destroy(poly1);
  GEOSGeom_destroy(poly2);
  finishGEOS();
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

The code is a C translation of one of the failing Shapely tests. It shows that the bug is not caused by Shapely. Build it with gcc -o test test.c -lgeos_c. If built and run on a little endian machine, it correctly produces this output:

TopologyException: side location conflict at 459 346
The result is 2

If built and run on s390x (big endian), it incorrectly produces this output:

The result is 0

Since this was not an issue in the past, we've bisected the problem to https://git.osgeo.org/gitea/geos/geos/commit/10ff0f8d6809c212aa9eb75f710bd068a90ccff0 -- likely, the DD class itself being the issue.

See the downstream report in https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1841335

I will report this to https://trac.osgeo.org/geos/report/1 once I get an account there.

WKT writer precision

Using the Julia interface to GEOS, a non-consistent behavior of WKTWriter with rounding precision was observed. Original issue JuliaGeo/LibGEOS.jl#86. Used versions are LibGEOS v0.6.6 and GEOS_jll v3.9.0+0.

using LibGEOS
p = readgeom("POINT (654321.12345 0.1)");
writer = LibGEOS.WKTWriter(LibGEOS._context, trim=false, roundingprecision=3);
writegeom(p, writer)

gives

"POINT (654321.123 0.100)"

whereas

writer = LibGEOS.WKTWriter(LibGEOS._context, trim=true, roundingprecision=3);
writegeom(p, writer)

gives

"POINT (6.54e+05 0.1)"

Relevant libgeos code here

geos/src/io/WKTWriter.cpp

Lines 358 to 369 in 5b722cf

 WKTWriter::writeNumber(double d) 

 { 

 std::stringstream ss; 

 if(! trim) { 

 ss << std::fixed; 

 } 

 ss << std::setprecision(decimalPlaces >= 0 ? decimalPlaces : 0) << d; 

 return ss.str(); 

 }

Judging from http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iomanip/setprecision/ , if std::fixed is not in the stream, std::setprecision sets the significant digits.

Is there an easy way of installing the latest version on Ubuntu?

Hi,
is there a way of installing the latest version of geos on Ubuntu with apt? I would like to use version 3.9, however, sudo apt-get install --upgrade libgeos-dev gives me 3.8.0-1build1.

Is there an easier way of installing 3.9 than building it manually from source?

Thanks.

Build error in ARM64 Mac system

Hello,
I am trying to build geos in my ARM64 Mac system, but I am getting an error when the make process gets to make a dynamic library:

% sudo /usr/local/bin/cmake .
-- GEOS: Using default build type: Release
-- GEOS: Run-time output: /Users/isong/Downloads/geos/bin
-- GEOS: Archives output: /Users/isong/Downloads/geos/lib
-- GEOS: Version 3.9.0dev
-- GEOS: C API Version 1.14.0
-- GEOS: JTS port 1.16.0
-- GEOS: Require C++11
-- GEOS: Developer mode enabled
-- GEOS: Configured 'dist' target
-- GEOS: Configured 'distcheck' target
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/isong/Downloads/geos
isong@Insangs-MacBook-Pro geos % sudo /usr/local/bin/make . 
isong@Insangs-MacBook-Pro geos % sudo /usr/local/bin/make  
[  0%] Linking CXX shared library lib/libgeos.dylib
duplicate symbol 'vtable for geos::noding::BasicSegmentString' in:
    CMakeFiles/geos.dir/src/inlines.cpp.o
    CMakeFiles/geos.dir/src/noding/BasicSegmentString.cpp.o
duplicate symbol 'typeinfo name for geos::noding::BasicSegmentString' in:
    CMakeFiles/geos.dir/src/inlines.cpp.o
    CMakeFiles/geos.dir/src/noding/BasicSegmentString.cpp.o
duplicate symbol 'typeinfo for geos::noding::BasicSegmentString' in:
    CMakeFiles/geos.dir/src/inlines.cpp.o
    CMakeFiles/geos.dir/src/noding/BasicSegmentString.cpp.o
ld: 3 duplicate symbols for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/geos.dir/build.make:5383: lib/libgeos.3.9.0.dylib] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:817: CMakeFiles/geos.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:182: all] Error 2

Does anyone have an idea for the error?
Thank you.

Crash in GEOSDistance_r

Given the polygon with WKT:

MultiPolygonZ (PolygonZ EMPTY,((-0.14000000000000001 44.89999999999999858 0, -0.14699999999999999 44.90400000000000347 0, -0.14729999999999999 44.90500000000000114 0, -0.14000000000000001 44.89999999999999858 0)))

Attempting to find the distance to any other polygon geometries using GEOSDistance_r results in a crash from within geos::operation::distance::GeometryLocation

(Likely it's due to the empty polygon member, but this should raise a GEOSException instead of crashing.)

Reported downstream as qgis/QGIS#35149

change in the result of polygon-line intersection from versions 3.8.1 to v3.9.0

Apologies for not having a pure geos example. I observe a change in the result of a polygon-line intersection from geos versions 3.8.1 to 3.9.0. My shapely version is the same in both environments (1.7.1)

from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString
poly = Polygon(((-200, -200), (200, -200), (200, 200), (-200, 200), (-200, -200)))
line = LineString([(-100, 100), (-100, -100)])
print(poly.intersects(line))                       # always True
print(poly.intersection(line).wkt)                 # LINESTRING EMPTY in version 3.9.0

The intersection is LINESTRING EMPTY according to version 3.9.0, but is LINESTRING (-100 100, -100 -100) according to version 3.8.1.

I'm not entirely sure, is this a bugfix or a regression?

Does the voronoi calculation handle shapes?

For https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode, I need a voronoi calculation that can compute the voronoi regions of shapes, not just points. For example:

Currently this is done using libboost geometry. All the points of each polygon are added to the voronoi builder and then the voronoi diagram is built, similar to how GEOS would do it. libboost reports for each edge which point was the cause for the edge. It also reports the back-edge, which is the edge going the other direction and the point that caused it. By removing all edges that are separating points in the same shape, only the edges that separate voronoi shapes remain.

Can GEOS voronoi do this?

SIGSEV when using GEOSCoordSeq_destroy_r

Hi,
I'm using geos in golang using a wrapper. I'm getting a SIGSEV because of destroy coordseq.
Not exactly the code but I'm doing something like:

*GeosGeometry g;
// define g somehow
r = GEOSGetExteriorRing_r(handle, g);
seq = GEOSGeom_getCoordSeq_r(handle, r);
GEOSCoordSeq_destroy_r(handle, seq);
GEOSGeom_destroy_r(handle, g);

As I said, this is not exactly the code since I'm using go, but those are the calls to the Geos library.
If I comment GEOSCoordSeq_destroy_r then I don't get the SIGSEV. Is the coordseq using an internal memory from the polygon? In the case of Exterior Ring it is, but it is documented in the headers file geos_c.h.

I'm using version 3.9.0dev

Thanks

ParseException: Expected word but encountered end of stream

Hello,

Encountered this problem when trying to use shapely.wkt sub-module to parse wkt format

This was my code: df2['Coordinates'] = df2['Coordinates'].apply(wkt.loads)

-There is no missing data (Have checked)

The format of coordiantes are the same e.g "POINT (-122.30332400000002 47.756486)"

Any suggestions ?

GEOSversion() link with static library failed

hi, I have a problem when link with libgeos_c.a

geot.c
#include "geos_c.h" const char *GEOSversion(); int main() { GEOSversion(); return 0; }
compile with libgeos_c.so. it works OK!
clang geot.c -o geot -I/root/geostest/geos/include -L/root/geostest/geos/lib -lgeos_c
but when i build it with static lib libgeos_c.a, it fail.
clang geot.c -o geot -I/root/geostest/geos/include /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

error msg:

ld: error: undefined symbol: operator new(unsigned long)
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:430
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(initGEOS_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: geos::geom::GeometryFactory::getDefaultInstance()
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:195
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(initGEOS_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: geos::util::Interrupt::cancel()
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:432
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(initGEOS_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: operator delete(void*)
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:430
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(initGEOS_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: operator new(unsigned long)
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:430
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOS_init_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: geos::geom::GeometryFactory::getDefaultInstance()
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:195
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOS_init_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: geos::util::Interrupt::cancel()
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:432
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOS_init_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: operator delete(void*)
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:430
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOS_init_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: operator delete(void*)
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:485
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(finishGEOS_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: operator delete(void*)
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:485
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOS_finish_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_begin_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:0
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSDisjoint_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_end_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:0
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSDisjoint_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_end_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:369
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSDisjoint_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_end_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:367
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSDisjoint_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_begin_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:0
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSTouches_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_end_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:0
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSTouches_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_end_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:369
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSTouches_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_end_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:367
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSTouches_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_begin_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:0
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSIntersects_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: undefined symbol: __cxa_end_catch
referenced by geos_ts_c.cpp:0
libgeos_c_la-geos_ts_c.o:(GEOSIntersects_r) in archive /root/geostest/geos/lib/libgeos_c.a

ld: error: too many errors emitted, stopping now (use -error-limit=0 to see all errors)
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

3.6.4 README and INSTALL disagree on how to install, python cbindings

cmake build, it's unclear if this will build python bindings or not

Using Autotools:

    ./autogen.sh  # in ${srcdir}, if obtained from SVN or GIT
    ${srcdir}/configure # in build dir

Using CMake:

    cmake ${srcdir} # in build dir

Now, all versions:

    make
    make check
    make install # as root
    ldconfig # as root

INSTALL suggests this

   ./configure
   make
   make install

and configure has an option for --enable-python, which is right? or are both right?

geos-3.3.3 make error: ‘ISNAN’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘SNAN’?

/basemap-1.1.0/geos-3.3.3
make

basemap-1.1.0/geos-3.3.3/src/algorithm/locate”
/bin/bash ../../../libtool --tag=CXX --mode=compile g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../include -I../../../include/geos -I../../../include -DGEOS_INLINE -pedantic -Wall -ansi -Wno-long-long -ffloat-store -g -O2 -MT IndexedPointInAreaLocator.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/IndexedPointInAreaLocator.Tpo -c -o IndexedPointInAreaLocator.lo IndexedPointInAreaLocator.cpp
libtool: compile: g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../include -I../../../include/geos -I../../../include -DGEOS_INLINE -pedantic -Wall -ansi -Wno-long-long -ffloat-store -g -O2 -MT IndexedPointInAreaLocator.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/IndexedPointInAreaLocator.Tpo -c IndexedPointInAreaLocator.cpp -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/IndexedPointInAreaLocator.oIn file included from ../../../include/geos/geom/Geometry.h:26, from IndexedPointInAreaLocator.cpp:18:
../../../include/geos/platform.h:110:2: error: #error "Can not compile without isnan function or macro"
110 | #error "Can not compile without isnan function or macro" | ^~~~~
In file included from ../../../include/geos/geom/Coordinate.h:161, from ../../../include/geos/geom/Envelope.h:26, from ../../../include/geos/geom/Geometry.h:28, from IndexedPointInAreaLocator.cpp:18:
../../../include/geos/geom/Coordinate.inl: In member function ‘bool geos::geom::Coordinate::isNull() const’:
../../../include/geos/geom/Coordinate.inl:39:10: error: ‘ISNAN’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘SNAN’?
39 | return (ISNAN(x) && ISNAN(y) && ISNAN(z));
| ^~~~~
| SNAN
../../../include/geos/geom/Coordinate.inl: In member function ‘bool geos::geom::Coordinate::equals3D(const geos::geom::Coordinate&) const’:
../../../include/geos/geom/Coordinate.inl:83:21: error: ‘ISNAN’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘SNAN’?
83 | ((z == other.z)||(ISNAN(z) && ISNAN(other.z)));
| ^~~~~
| SNAN
make[4]: *** [Makefile:373：IndexedPointInAreaLocator.lo]

platform:

Linux DESKTOP-J925CM6 4.19.84-microsoft-standard #1 SMP Wed Nov 13 11:44:37 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu Focal Fossa (development branch)
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal

would you like to tell me how can I make?
tks.

Segmentation fault when intersecting certain geometries using Shapely

Description

Not sure if this is necessarily a GEOS issue - might be just some Shapely -> GEOS interface issue. When using GEOS 3.7.3 the segfault is not happening. The issue was reported to Shapely back in March shapely/shapely#860

Environment

reproduced on Arch Linux and Ubuntu 20.04
Python 3.8
Shapely 1.7.0 (and also reproduced with 1.6.4.post2)
GEOS 3.8.0
GDAL 3.0.4
PROJ 6.3.1-1

Steps to reproduce

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from shapely.geometry import shape

polygon = shape({
    "type": "Polygon",
    "coordinates": [[
        [1.9280898571014473, 41.26269360649398],
        [1.9280898571014473, 41.267195716664716],
        [1.934056631049079, 41.267195716664716],
        [1.934056631049079, 41.26269360649398],
        [1.9280898571014473, 41.26269360649398]
    ]]
})

collection = shape({
    "type": "GeometryCollection",
    "geometries": [{
        "type": "MultiPolygon",
        "coordinates": [
            [[
                [1.933593750000014, 41.26954950284258],
                [1.9226074218749893, 41.26954950284258],
                [1.9226074218749893, 41.26129149391986],
                [1.933593750000014, 41.26129149391986],
                [1.933593750000014, 41.26954950284258]
            ]],
            [[
                [1.9225859642028806, 41.26033982031611],
                [1.9335937499999998, 41.26033982031611],
                [1.9335937499999998, 41.261130194285094],
                [1.9225859642028806, 41.261130194285094],
                [1.9225859642028806, 41.26033982031611]
            ]]
        ]
    }]
})

# Intersecting this particular collection fails
polygon.intersection(collection)

GDB backtrace:

#0  0x00007ffff6aa4d77 in geos::algorithm::locate::SimplePointInAreaLocator::locatePointInPolygon(geos::geom::Coordinate const&, geos::geom::Polygon const*) () from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#1  0x00007ffff6ad0057 in geos::geomgraph::EdgeEndStar::getLocation(int, geos::geom::Coordinate const&, std::vector<geos::geomgraph::GeometryGraph*, std::allocator<geos::geomgraph::GeometryGraph*> >*) ()
   from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#2  0x00007ffff6ad02af in geos::geomgraph::EdgeEndStar::computeLabelling(std::vector<geos::geomgraph::GeometryGraph*, std::allocator<geos::geomgraph::GeometryGraph*> >*) () from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#3  0x00007ffff6acb8ff in geos::geomgraph::DirectedEdgeStar::computeLabelling(std::vector<geos::geomgraph::GeometryGraph*, std::allocator<geos::geomgraph::GeometryGraph*> >*) () from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#4  0x00007ffff6b2a196 in geos::operation::overlay::OverlayOp::computeLabelling() () from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#5  0x00007ffff6b2bba8 in geos::operation::overlay::OverlayOp::computeOverlay(geos::operation::overlay::OverlayOp::OpCode) () from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#6  0x00007ffff6b2befa in geos::operation::overlay::OverlayOp::getResultGeometry(geos::operation::overlay::OverlayOp::OpCode) () from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#7  0x00007ffff6b2c39e in geos::operation::overlay::OverlayOp::overlayOp(geos::geom::Geometry const*, geos::geom::Geometry const*, geos::operation::overlay::OverlayOp::OpCode) () from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#8  0x00007ffff6ab2f67 in std::unique_ptr<geos::geom::Geometry, std::default_delete<geos::geom::Geometry> > geos::geom::BinaryOp<geos::operation::overlay::overlayOp>(geos::geom::Geometry const*, geos::geom::Geometry const*, geos::operation::overlay::overlayOp) () from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#9  0x00007ffff6ab0844 in geos::geom::Geometry::intersection(geos::geom::Geometry const*) const () from /usr/lib/libgeos-3.8.0.so
#10 0x00007ffff6bda3ba in GEOSIntersection_r () from /usr/lib/libgeos_c.so.1
#11 0x00007ffff715d69a in ffi_call_unix64 () from /usr/lib/libffi.so.6
#12 0x00007ffff715cfb6 in ffi_call () from /usr/lib/libffi.so.6
#13 0x00007ffff71bf5b7 in _ctypes_callproc () from /home/ember/.envs/sk/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
#14 0x00007ffff71b9658 in ?? () from /home/ember/.envs/sk/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
#15 0x00007ffff7d214c8 in PyObject_Call (func=0x7ffff6c4a110, args=<optimized out>, kwargs=<optimized out>) at Objects/abstract.c:2261
#16 0x00007ffff7e4c5dc in partial_call (pto=0x7ffff67d7b38, args=<optimized out>, kw=<optimized out>) at ./Modules/_functoolsmodule.c:186
#17 0x00007ffff7d214c8 in PyObject_Call (func=0x7ffff67d7b38, args=<optimized out>, kwargs=<optimized out>) at Objects/abstract.c:2261
#18 0x00007ffff7deac03 in do_call_core (kwdict=0x0, callargs=0x7fffe0641208, func=0x7ffff67d7b38) at Python/ceval.c:5106
#19 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault (f=<optimized out>, throwflag=<optimized out>) at Python/ceval.c:3404
#20 0x00007ffff7de5ec9 in _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName (_co=_co@entry=0x7ffff7128780, globals=globals@entry=0x7ffff711bbd0, locals=locals@entry=0x0, args=args@entry=0x7fffffffd3c0, argcount=argcount@entry=3, 
    kwnames=kwnames@entry=0x0, kwargs=0x0, kwcount=0, kwstep=2, defs=0x0, defcount=0, kwdefs=0x0, closure=0x0, name=0x7ffff73e0170, qualname=0x7ffff67d7ee0) at Python/ceval.c:4166
#21 0x00007ffff7dedf09 in _PyFunction_FastCallDict (func=func@entry=0x7ffff67ef158, args=args@entry=0x7fffffffd3c0, nargs=nargs@entry=3, kwargs=kwargs@entry=0x0) at Python/ceval.c:5070
#22 0x00007ffff7d216f2 in _PyObject_FastCallDict (func=func@entry=0x7ffff67ef158, args=args@entry=0x7fffffffd3c0, nargs=nargs@entry=3, kwargs=kwargs@entry=0x0) at Objects/abstract.c:2310
#23 0x00007ffff7d2195e in _PyObject_Call_Prepend (func=0x7ffff67ef158, obj=<optimized out>, args=0x7fffe063ad88, kwargs=0x0) at Objects/abstract.c:2373
#24 0x00007ffff7d214c8 in PyObject_Call (func=0x7ffff732d948, args=<optimized out>, kwargs=<optimized out>) at Objects/abstract.c:2261
#25 0x00007ffff7d83861 in slot_tp_call (self=self@entry=0x7ffff67f5160, args=args@entry=0x7fffe063ad88, kwds=kwds@entry=0x0) at Objects/typeobject.c:6207
#26 0x00007ffff7d2164a in _PyObject_FastCallDict (func=0x7ffff67f5160, args=<optimized out>, nargs=2, kwargs=kwargs@entry=0x0) at Objects/abstract.c:2331
#27 0x00007ffff7d21c3a in _PyObject_FastCallKeywords (func=func@entry=0x7ffff67f5160, stack=<optimized out>, nargs=nargs@entry=2, kwnames=kwnames@entry=0x0) at Objects/abstract.c:2496
#28 0x00007ffff7de61f7 in call_function (pp_stack=pp_stack@entry=0x7fffffffd5d8, oparg=<optimized out>, kwnames=kwnames@entry=0x0) at Python/ceval.c:4861
#29 0x00007ffff7de84df in _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault (f=<optimized out>, throwflag=<optimized out>) at Python/ceval.c:3335
#30 0x00007ffff7de5494 in _PyFunction_FastCall (co=<optimized out>, args=<optimized out>, nargs=2, globals=<optimized out>) at Python/ceval.c:4919
#31 0x00007ffff7de6167 in fast_function (func=<optimized out>, stack=<optimized out>, nargs=<optimized out>, kwnames=<optimized out>) at Python/ceval.c:4961
#32 0x00007ffff7de6265 in call_function (pp_stack=pp_stack@entry=0x7fffffffd788, oparg=<optimized out>, kwnames=kwnames@entry=0x0) at Python/ceval.c:4858
#33 0x00007ffff7de84df in _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault (f=<optimized out>, throwflag=<optimized out>) at Python/ceval.c:3335
#34 0x00007ffff7de5ec9 in _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName (_co=_co@entry=0x7ffff7352780, globals=globals@entry=0x7ffff7394510, locals=locals@entry=0x7ffff7394510, args=args@entry=0x0, argcount=argcount@entry=0, 
    kwnames=kwnames@entry=0x0, kwargs=0x0, kwcount=0, kwstep=2, defs=0x0, defcount=0, kwdefs=0x0, closure=0x0, name=0x0, qualname=0x0) at Python/ceval.c:4166
#35 0x00007ffff7de640e in PyEval_EvalCodeEx (_co=_co@entry=0x7ffff7352780, globals=globals@entry=0x7ffff7394510, locals=locals@entry=0x7ffff7394510, args=args@entry=0x0, argcount=argcount@entry=0, 
    kws=kws@entry=0x0, kwcount=0, defs=0x0, defcount=0, kwdefs=0x0, closure=0x0) at Python/ceval.c:4187
#36 0x00007ffff7de643c in PyEval_EvalCode (co=co@entry=0x7ffff7352780, globals=globals@entry=0x7ffff7394510, locals=locals@entry=0x7ffff7394510) at Python/ceval.c:731
#37 0x00007ffff7e10366 in run_mod (mod=mod@entry=0x555555631e90, filename=filename@entry=0x7ffff72c2270, globals=globals@entry=0x7ffff7394510, locals=locals@entry=0x7ffff7394510, 
    flags=flags@entry=0x7fffffffdacc, arena=arena@entry=0x7ffff73ae2e8) at Python/pythonrun.c:1025
#38 0x00007ffff7e12984 in PyRun_FileExFlags (fp=fp@entry=0x55555555a4c0, filename_str=filename_str@entry=0x7ffff732f5f0 "reproduce.py", start=start@entry=257, globals=globals@entry=0x7ffff7394510, 
    locals=locals@entry=0x7ffff7394510, closeit=closeit@entry=1, flags=0x7fffffffdacc) at Python/pythonrun.c:978
#39 0x00007ffff7e12af2 in PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags (fp=fp@entry=0x55555555a4c0, filename=<optimized out>, closeit=closeit@entry=1, flags=flags@entry=0x7fffffffdacc) at Python/pythonrun.c:419
#40 0x00007ffff7e12fa4 in PyRun_AnyFileExFlags (fp=fp@entry=0x55555555a4c0, filename=<optimized out>, closeit=closeit@entry=1, flags=flags@entry=0x7fffffffdacc) at Python/pythonrun.c:81
#41 0x00007ffff7e29d52 in run_file (p_cf=0x7fffffffdacc, filename=0x55555555b6e0 L"reproduce.py", fp=0x55555555a4c0) at Modules/main.c:340
#42 Py_Main (argc=2, argv=0x5555555592a0) at Modules/main.c:810
#43 0x000055555555519f in main ()

https://geos.osgeo.org/doxygen/ is broken

The link is a 404

Allow construction of LinearRings with < 4 points

If we can't construct them, we can't repair them. As discussed at r-spatial/sf#1589 and locationtech/jts#558

Slowdown in buffer of a MultiPolygon in GEOS 3.8

Original report from Shapely at shapely/shapely#834 (but further discussed in shapely/shapely#847 (comment) and conda-forge/geos-feedstock#43).

A reproducer using python and pygeos (reproducer with shapely is at shapely/shapely#834 (comment)):

import numpy as np
import pygeos

t = np.arange(1, 10000)
arr = pygeos.points(100000*np.sin(t), 100000*np.sin(4*t)) 
arr2 = pygeos.buffer(arr, radius=200, quadsegs=32) 
union = pygeos.union_all(arr2) 
# union is a large MultiPolygon now

%timeit pygeos.buffer(union, radius=1)

The above gives a timing of around 60 ms with GEOS master or with 3.7, but around 3 seconds with GEOS 3.8.0.
So it seems this is already fixed on master, and so this might be a potential candidate to backport to 3.8? (I checked that the latest 3.8 branch (to become 3.8.1 I assume) does not yet include the fix, as it gives a similar timing as 3.8.0)

I didn't yet try to look for the commit that fixes this.

Crash in WKT of MultiPoint including an empty Point

Using the Python pygeos package to show the error (from pygeos/pygeos#134):

# creating a MultiPoint with that includes an empty Point
import pygeos

point = pygeos.points(1,1)  
box = pygeos.box(2,2,4,4) 
point_empty = pygeos.intersection(p, box)

mp_empty  = pygeos.multipoints([point, point_empty])

Converting to WKB raises an informative error:

>>> pygeos.to_wkb(mp_empty)      
...
GEOSException: IllegalArgumentException: Empty Points cannot be represented in WKB

However, converting to WKT crashes:

>>> pygeos.to_wkt(mp_empty)    
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

I am not 100% sure this is a GEOS issue, since there might be something wrong on the PyGEOS side. But posting here in case somebody knows or can confirm this is a GEOS bug.

Proper way to dynamic_cast LineString

Something strange happens with LineString:

    std::unique_ptr<geos::geom::LineString> a = geos::geom::GeometryFactory::getDefaultInstance()->createLineString();
    geos::geom::Geometry *b = a.get(); // ok
    geos::geom::LineString *c = dynamic_cast<geos::geom::LineString *>(b); // c = nullptr

but works with point:

    std::unique_ptr<geos::geom::Point> a = geos::geom::GeometryFactory::getDefaultInstance()->createPoint();
    geos::geom::Geometry *b = a.get(); // ok
    geos::geom::Point *c = dynamic_cast<geos::geom::Point *>(b); // c = b

Is there any reasonable explanation?

isValidOp.h

// CHECKME: should this really be a pointer ?
TopologyValidationError* validErr;

throw an exception method:
IsValidOp::checkNoSelfIntersectingRing(EdgeIntersectionList& eiList)
{
set<const Coordinate*, CoordinateLessThen>nodeSet;
bool isFirst = true;
for(const EdgeIntersection& ei : eiList) {
if(isFirst) {
isFirst = false;
continue;
}
if(nodeSet.find(&ei.coord) != nodeSet.end()) {
validErr = new TopologyValidationError(
TopologyValidationError::eRingSelfIntersection,
ei.coord); //throw an exception
return;
}
else {
nodeSet.insert(&ei.coord);
}
}

when i attach a value to validErr has throw an exception：
An attempt was made to read or write to protected memory. This usually indicates that other memory is corrupted

example source:
c# call dll

geos_c.h gives -Wstrict-prototypes warnings

Using geos-3.8.2 built on OS X 10.13, compiling the following foo.c:

#include <geos_c.h>
void foo(void) {
  GEOSBufferParams* bp;
  bp = GEOSBufferParams_create();
  GEOSBufferParams_destroy(bp);
}

using:

gcc -c foo.c -I/sw/opt/libgeos3.8.2/include -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes

gives a ton of warnings like:

In file included from foo.c:1:
/sw/opt/libgeos3.8.2/include/geos_c.h:160:37: warning: this function declaration
      is not a prototype [-Wstrict-prototypes]
typedef void (GEOSInterruptCallback)();
                                    ^
                                     void
/sw/opt/libgeos3.8.2/include/geos_c.h:163:43: warning: this function declaration
      is not a prototype [-Wstrict-prototypes]
extern void GEOS_DLL GEOS_interruptRequest();
                                          ^
                                           void

If the function takes no parameters, clang wants it explicitly prototyped thay way, for example:

extern void GEOS_DLL GEOS_interruptRequest(void);

pygeos is a vector based python package using geos --> mention in readme?

Good to mention because pygeos is much more efficient than shapely for big geometries
Geopandas uses it when pygeos is installed

Fail to link if compiled as shared lib + inline with MinGW

With MinGW on Windows, linker reports multiple definition of symbols when geos 3.8.0 is created as a shared lib and DISABLE_GEOS_INLINE is OFF.
There is no issue with others combination (shared lib + inline off, static with inline or not).

Click to expand log

[ 99%] Linking CXX shared library ..\bin\libgeos.dll
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x20): multiple definition of `geos::geom::LineSegment::~LineSegment()'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(MinimumDiameter.cpp.obj):MinimumDiameter.cpp:(.text$_ZN4geos4geom11LineSegmentD1Ev[_ZN4geos4geom11LineSegmentD1Ev]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x30): multiple definition of `geos::noding::BasicSegmentString::getCoordinate(unsigned long long) const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(EdgeNodingValidator.cpp.obj):EdgeNodingValidator.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos6noding18BasicSegmentString13getCoordinateEy[_ZNK4geos6noding18BasicSegmentString13getCoordinateEy]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x40): multiple definition of `geos::noding::BasicSegmentString::getCoordinates() const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(EdgeNodingValidator.cpp.obj):EdgeNodingValidator.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos6noding18BasicSegmentString14getCoordinatesEv[_ZNK4geos6noding18BasicSegmentString14getCoordinatesEv]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x50): multiple definition of `geos::geom::LineSegment::~LineSegment()'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(MinimumDiameter.cpp.obj):MinimumDiameter.cpp:(.text$_ZN4geos4geom11LineSegmentD0Ev[_ZN4geos4geom11LineSegmentD0Ev]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x60): multiple definition of `geos::geom::CoordinateArraySequenceFactory::create() const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp.obj):CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createEv[_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createEv]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0xb0): multiple definition of `geos::geom::CoordinateArraySequenceFactory::create(std::vector<geos::geom::Coordinate, std::allocator<geos::geom::Coordinate> >*, unsigned long long) const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp.obj):CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createEPSt6vectorINS0_10CoordinateESaIS3_EEy[_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createEPSt6vectorINS0_10CoordinateESaIS3_EEy]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x100): multiple definition of `geos::geom::CoordinateArraySequenceFactory::create(std::vector<geos::geom::Coordinate, std::allocator<geos::geom::Coordinate> >&&, unsigned long long) const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp.obj):CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createEOSt6vectorINS0_10CoordinateESaIS3_EEy[_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createEOSt6vectorINS0_10CoordinateESaIS3_EEy]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x150): multiple definition of `geos::geom::CoordinateArraySequenceFactory::create(unsigned long long, unsigned long long) const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp.obj):CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createEyy[_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createEyy]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x1a0): multiple definition of `geos::geom::CoordinateArraySequenceFactory::create(geos::geom::CoordinateSequence const&) const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp.obj):CoordinateArraySequenceFactory.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createERKNS0_18CoordinateSequenceE[_ZNK4geos4geom30CoordinateArraySequenceFactory6createERKNS0_18CoordinateSequenceE]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x200): multiple definition of `geos::noding::BasicSegmentString::isClosed() const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(EdgeNodingValidator.cpp.obj):EdgeNodingValidator.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos6noding18BasicSegmentString8isClosedEv[_ZNK4geos6noding18BasicSegmentString8isClosedEv]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x1b90): multiple definition of `geos::geom::MultiLineString::clone() const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(MultiLineString.cpp.obj):MultiLineString.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos4geom15MultiLineString5cloneEv[_ZNK4geos4geom15MultiLineString5cloneEv]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x1c20): multiple definition of `geos::geom::MultiPolygon::clone() const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(MultiPolygon.cpp.obj):MultiPolygon.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos4geom12MultiPolygon5cloneEv[_ZNK4geos4geom12MultiPolygon5cloneEv]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x2330): multiple definition of `geos::geomgraph::Quadrant::quadrant(double, double)'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(EdgeEnd.cpp.obj):EdgeEnd.cpp:(.text$_ZN4geos9geomgraph8Quadrant8quadrantEdd[_ZN4geos9geomgraph8Quadrant8quadrantEdd]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x2a50): multiple definition of `geos::geomgraph::GeometryGraph::~GeometryGraph()'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(PointLocator.cpp.obj):PointLocator.cpp:(.text$_ZN4geos9geomgraph13GeometryGraphD1Ev[_ZN4geos9geomgraph13GeometryGraphD1Ev]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x2af0): multiple definition of `geos::geomgraph::GeometryGraph::~GeometryGraph()'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(PointLocator.cpp.obj):PointLocator.cpp:(.text$_ZN4geos9geomgraph13GeometryGraphD0Ev[_ZN4geos9geomgraph13GeometryGraphD0Ev]+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(MCIndexNoder.cpp.obj):MCIndexNoder.cpp:(.text$_ZNK4geos6noding12MCIndexNoder18getNodedSubstringsEv[_ZNK4geos6noding12MCIndexNoder18getNodedSubstringsEv]+0x0): multiple definition of `geos::noding::MCIndexNoder::getNodedSubstrings() const'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x2a40): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(MaximalEdgeRing.cpp.obj):MaximalEdgeRing.cpp:(.text$_ZN4geos9operation7overlay15MinimalEdgeRing11setEdgeRingEPNS_9geomgraph12DirectedEdgeEPNS3_8EdgeRingE[_ZN4geos9operation7overlay15MinimalEdgeRing11setEdgeRingEPNS_9geomgraph12DirectedEdgeEPNS3_8EdgeRingE]+0x0): multiple definition of `geos::operation::overlay::MinimalEdgeRing::setEdgeRing(geos::geomgraph::DirectedEdge*, geos::geomgraph::EdgeRing*)'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x0): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(MaximalEdgeRing.cpp.obj):MaximalEdgeRing.cpp:(.text$_ZN4geos9operation7overlay15MinimalEdgeRing7getNextEPNS_9geomgraph12DirectedEdgeE[_ZN4geos9operation7overlay15MinimalEdgeRing7getNextEPNS_9geomgraph12DirectedEdgeE]+0x0): multiple definition of `geos::operation::overlay::MinimalEdgeRing::getNext(geos::geomgraph::DirectedEdge*)'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x10): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(MaximalEdgeRing.cpp.obj):MaximalEdgeRing.cpp:(.text$_ZN4geos9operation7overlay15MinimalEdgeRingD1Ev[_ZN4geos9operation7overlay15MinimalEdgeRingD1Ev]+0x0): multiple definition of `geos::operation::overlay::MinimalEdgeRing::~MinimalEdgeRing()'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x680): first defined here
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(MaximalEdgeRing.cpp.obj):MaximalEdgeRing.cpp:(.text$_ZN4geos9operation7overlay15MinimalEdgeRingD0Ev[_ZN4geos9operation7overlay15MinimalEdgeRingD0Ev]+0x0): multiple definition of `geos::operation::overlay::MinimalEdgeRing::~MinimalEdgeRing()'
CMakeFiles\geos.dir/objects.a(inlines.cpp.obj):inlines.cpp:(.text+0x820): first defined here
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Quick fix:

--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ add_subdirectory(src)

 if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
   target_compile_definitions(geos
-    PRIVATE $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:GEOS_DLL_EXPORT>)
+    PRIVATE $<IF:$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>,GEOS_DLL_EXPORT,DLL_EXPORT>)

   set_target_properties(geos PROPERTIES VERSION ${GEOS_VERSION})
   set_target_properties(geos PROPERTIES SOVERSION ${GEOS_VERSION})
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ target_link_libraries(geos_c PRIVATE geos)

 if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
   target_compile_definitions(geos_c
-    PRIVATE $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:GEOS_DLL_EXPORT>)
+    PRIVATE $<IF:$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>,GEOS_DLL_EXPORT,DLL_EXPORT>)

   set_target_properties(geos_c PROPERTIES VERSION ${CAPI_VERSION})
   if(NOT WIN32)

Therefore, inline.cpp is not compiled if MinGW + shared + inline (and we can make use of DLL_EXPORT which is not used or defined anywhere else in source code):

...
// Only do something if GEOS_INLINE is defined
// Otherwise we'll end up with duplicated symbols
#ifdef GEOS_INLINE

// If using Visual C++ with GEOS_INLINE, do not build inline.obj
// otherwise linker will complain "multiple definition" errors.
// If using MingW with GEOS_INLINE to build a DLL then MingW's gcc
// has already generated the stubs for the contents of this file.
// Hence we need to suppress it to avoid "multiple definition" errors
// during the final link phase
#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && (!defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(GEOS_DLL_EXPORT) && !defined(DLL_EXPORT) )
...

Out of bound array access on emptyCoords3d

After upgrading QGIS from 3.4 to 3.10, it crashes when zooming into one of my maps. Here goes a backtrace from qgis/QGIS@0a1d225 using GEOS 43051eb:

#0  0x00007fffeda5798f in <lambda()>::operator()(void) const (__closure=0x7fffb3ffb7e0) at /…/geos/capi/geos_ts_c.cpp:2122
#1  0x00007fffeda6790d in execute<GEOSCoordSeq_getXYZ_r(GEOSContextHandle_t, const geos::geom::CoordinateSequence*, unsigned int, double*, double*, double*)::<lambda()> >(GEOSContextHandle_t, std::conditional<false, char, int>::type, <lambda()> &&) (extHandle=0x7fff545390a0, errval=0, f=...) at /…/geos/capi/geos_ts_c.cpp:353
#2  0x00007fffeda57a2a in GEOSCoordSeq_getXYZ_r(GEOSContextHandle_t, geos::geom::CoordinateSequence const*, unsigned int, double*, double*, double*) (extHandle=0x7fff545390a0, cs=0x7fffe939e2b0 <geos::geom::emptyCoords3d>, idx=0, x=0x7fffb3ffb880, y=0x7fffb3ffb878, z=0x7fffb3ffb870) at /…/geos/capi/geos_ts_c.cpp:2120
#3  0x00007ffff572fedb in QgsGeos::coordSeqPoint(GEOSCoordSeq_t const*, int, bool, bool) (cs=0x7fffe939e2b0 <geos::geom::emptyCoords3d>, i=0, hasZ=true, hasM=false) at /…/QGIS/src/core/geometry/qgsgeos.cpp:1276
#4  0x00007ffff572f000 in QgsGeos::fromGeos(GEOSGeom_t const*) (geos=0x7fffac90a950) at /…/QGIS/src/core/geometry/qgsgeos.cpp:1098
#5  0x00007ffff573061a in QgsGeos::overlay(QgsAbstractGeometry const*, QgsGeos::Overlay, QString*) const (this=0x7fffb3ffbaf0, geom=0x5555574e2330, op=QgsGeos::OverlayIntersection, errorMsg=0x7fffb3ffbc30) at /…/QGIS/src/core/geometry/qgsgeos.cpp:1434
#6  0x00007ffff572b065 in QgsGeos::intersection(QgsAbstractGeometry const*, QString*) const (this=0x7fffb3ffbaf0, geom=0x5555574e2330, errorMsg=0x7fffb3ffbc30) at /…/QGIS/src/core/geometry/qgsgeos.cpp:219
#7  0x00007ffff5704678 in QgsGeometry::intersection(QgsGeometry const&) const (this=0x7fffb3ffbc20, geometry=...) at /…/QGIS/src/core/geometry/qgsgeometry.cpp:2261
#8  0x00007ffff56bd6c6 in QgsPalLabeling::prepareGeometry(QgsGeometry const&, QgsRenderContext&, QgsCoordinateTransform const&, QgsGeometry const&, bool) (geometry=..., context=..., ct=..., clipGeometry=..., mergeLines=false) at /…/QGIS/src/core/labeling/qgspallabeling.cpp:3588
#9  0x00007ffff56b20cf in QgsPalLayerSettings::registerFeature(QgsFeature const&, QgsRenderContext&, QgsLabelFeature**, QgsGeometry, QgsSymbol const*) (this=0x555557837400, f=..., context=..., labelFeature=0x7fffb3ffcc78, obstacleGeometry=..., symbol=0x0) at /…/QGIS/src/core/labeling/qgspallabeling.cpp:1958
#10 0x00007ffff56d1535 in QgsVectorLayerLabelProvider::registerFeature(QgsFeature const&, QgsRenderContext&, QgsGeometry const&, QgsSymbol const*) (this=0x5555578373b0, feature=..., context=..., obstacleGeometry=..., symbol=0x0) at /…/QGIS/src/core/labeling/qgsvectorlayerlabelprovider.cpp:177
#11 0x00007ffff53f985a in QgsVectorLayerRenderer::drawRenderer(QgsFeatureIterator&) (this=0x5555573a3740, fit=...) at /…/QGIS/src/core/qgsvectorlayerrenderer.cpp:349
#12 0x00007ffff53f8e1f in QgsVectorLayerRenderer::render() (this=0x5555573a3740) at /…/QGIS/src/core/qgsvectorlayerrenderer.cpp:282
#13 0x00007ffff51c0208 in QgsMapRendererParallelJob::renderLayerStatic(LayerRenderJob&) (job=...) at /…/QGIS/src/core/qgsmaprendererparalleljob.cpp:353
#14 0x00007ffff51c1a44 in QtConcurrent::FunctionWrapper1<void, LayerRenderJob&>::operator()(LayerRenderJob&) (this=0x5555579983b8, u=...) at /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/QtConcurrent/qtconcurrentfunctionwrappers.h:80
#15 0x00007ffff51c17a5 in QtConcurrent::MapKernel<QList<LayerRenderJob>::iterator, QtConcurrent::FunctionWrapper1<void, LayerRenderJob&> >::runIteration(QList<LayerRenderJob>::iterator, int, void*) (this=0x555557998380, it=...) at /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/QtConcurrent/qtconcurrentmapkernel.h:68
#16 0x00007ffff51c1835 in QtConcurrent::MapKernel<QList<LayerRenderJob>::iterator, QtConcurrent::FunctionWrapper1<void, LayerRenderJob&> >::runIterations(QList<LayerRenderJob>::iterator, int, int, void*) (this=0x555557998380, sequenceBeginIterator=..., beginIndex=13, endIndex=14) at /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/QtConcurrent/qtconcurrentmapkernel.h:77
#17 0x00007ffff51c1c75 in QtConcurrent::IterateKernel<QList<LayerRenderJob>::iterator, void>::forThreadFunction() (this=0x555557998380) at /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/QtConcurrent/qtconcurrentiteratekernel.h:255
#18 0x00007ffff51c19ae in QtConcurrent::IterateKernel<QList<LayerRenderJob>::iterator, void>::threadFunction() (this=0x555557998380) at /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/QtConcurrent/qtconcurrentiteratekernel.h:217
#19 0x00007fffeddc5a25 in QtConcurrent::ThreadEngineBase::run() () at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Concurrent.so.5
#20 0x00007ffff348fcf2 in  () at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#21 0x00007ffff348c872 in  () at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#22 0x00007fffec9f0f27 in start_thread (arg=<optimized out>) at pthread_create.c:479
#23 0x00007ffff31222af in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95

Frame 7

Let’s start here:

(gdb) frame 7
#7  0x00007ffff5704678 in QgsGeometry::intersection (this=0x7fffb3ffbc20, geometry=...) at /…/QGIS/src/core/geometry/qgsgeometry.cpp:2261
2261      std::unique_ptr< QgsAbstractGeometry > resultGeom( geos.intersection( geometry.d->geometry.get(), &mLastError ) );

and examine the QgsGeometry::intersection() arguments:

(gdb) whatis this
type = const QgsGeometry * const
(gdb) print -pretty -- geometry.boundingBox()
$… = {
  mXmin = 446283.21201385959,
  mYmin = 221761.26723054936,
  mXmax = 488357.20122167486,
  mYmax = 256581.12036805169
}
(gdb) print -elements unlimited -- geometry.asWkt(17).toStdString()
$… = "Polygon ((446283.2120138595928438 221761.26723054936155677, 488357.20122167485533282 221761.26723054936155677, 488357.20122167485533282 256581.12036805169191211, 446283.2120138595928438 256581.12036805169191211, 446283.2120138595928438 221761.26723054936155677))"
(gdb) print -pretty -- (*this).boundingBox()
[New Thread 0x7fffc8810700 (LWP 123180)]
$… = {
  mXmin = 446099.18131515954,
  mYmin = 234308.57043624669,
  mXmax = 446099.18131515954,
  mYmax = 234308.57043624669
}
(gdb) print -- (*this).asWkt(17).toStdString()
$… = "Point (446099.18131515954155475 234308.57043624669313431)"

So this is a point and geometry is a polygon. Here’s the next step: https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/blob/0a1d22574a2d804d210b4cf9e7c81b41a2f87b51/src/core/geometry/qgsgeometry.cpp#L2261. Let’s call geos.intersection() and jump to

Frame 6–5

(gdb) frame 6
#6  0x00007ffff572b065 in QgsGeos::intersection (this=0x7fffb3ffbaf0, geom=0x5555574e2330, errorMsg=0x7fffb3ffbc30) at /…/QGIS/src/core/geometry/qgsgeos.cpp:219
219       return overlay( geom, OverlayIntersection, errorMsg ).release();
(gdb) frame 5
#5  0x00007ffff573061a in QgsGeos::overlay (this=0x7fffb3ffbaf0, geom=0x5555574e2330, op=QgsGeos::OverlayIntersection, errorMsg=0x7fffb3ffbc30) at /…/QGIS/src/core/geometry/qgsgeos.cpp:1434
1434        return fromGeos( opGeom.get() );

Frame 4

(gdb) frame 4
#4  0x00007ffff572f000 in QgsGeos::fromGeos (geos=0x7fffac90a950) at /…/QGIS/src/core/geometry/qgsgeos.cpp:1098
1098          return std::unique_ptr<QgsAbstractGeometry>( coordSeqPoint( cs, 0, hasZ, hasM ).clone() );

geos seems to equal emptyCoords3d, defined in

geos/src/geom/Point.cpp

Line 45 in 43051eb

const static FixedSizeCoordinateSequence<0> emptyCoords3d(3);

I’ll skip several frames.

Frame 0

(gdb) frame 0
#0  0x00007fffeda5798f in <lambda()>::operator()(void) const (__closure=0x7fffb3ffb7e0) at /…/geos/capi/geos_ts_c.cpp:2122
2122                *x = c.x;
(gdb) list
2117        int
2118        GEOSCoordSeq_getXYZ_r(GEOSContextHandle_t extHandle, const CoordinateSequence* cs, unsigned int idx, double* x, double* y, double* z)
2119        {
2120            return execute(extHandle, 0, [&]() {
2121                auto& c = cs->getAt(idx);
2122                *x = c.x;
2123                *y = c.y;
2124                *z = c.z;
2125                return 1;
2126            });

Here the crash happens. cs is an instance of FixedSizeCoordinateSequence<0>, that is, its m_data array has size of 0. idx is 0 as well. The getAt(0) call segfaults as m_data[0] cannot be accessed.

The trivial fix would be to check the array bound:

int
GEOSCoordSeq_getXYZ_r(GEOSContextHandle_t extHandle, const CoordinateSequence* cs, unsigned int idx, double* x, double* y, double* z)
{
    return execute(extHandle, 0, [&]() {
        if (cs.getSize() <= idx) {
            throw IllegalArgumentException("…");
        }
        auto& c = cs->getAt(idx);
        *x = c.x;
        *y = c.y;
        *z = c.z;
        return 1;
    });
}

and it fixes the QGIS crash for me. But I’d like to ask for your opinions as I do not know the GEOS/QGIS code very well.

Many C API functions lack tests

Functions and code paths not tested can be seen in this codecov report: https://codecov.io/gh/libgeos/geos/src/master/capi/geos_ts_c.cpp. You should be able to view it without an account at least once, but it seems to require login after a few page views.

This would be a great task for anyone who wants to begin contributing to GEOS.

The behavior of the underlying operations is generally tested elsewhere, but C API tests should at least verify that

the function correctly operates with trivial inputs
it preserves SRID, if applicable
it returns the documented error code on error (if you can think of a way to trigger an error)

Diff between doc and code for GEOSisValidReason_r

In the documentation, it is said that an empty string will be return for a valid geometry, however, we get "Valid Geometry".

It seems pretty easy to fix, let me know to which version you want to stick (I prefer the empty string) and I'll do it :)

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