Linux is a very powerful multi-user operating system in which users can run programs both locally (as a PC) or remotely (as a server). In a typical multi-user environment, very often, we encounter the group-permission-not-updated issue for already launched processeses when we create a new group and added some existing users to the new group. That is because the Linux kernel credential module has a major security defect that if a user is added to or removed from a supplementary group (not the user's primary group defined in /etc/passwd), that user's existing processes will not have its supplementary group permission updated.

For example, if a user has a tmux (or screen) session running some background jobs, and the user is added to a new group whose members have access to some secure folder, then the user will not be able to access the secure folder in his/her tmux session, even if he spawns new shell panes/windows in his tmux session or creates new tmux sessions. The only two workarounds are:

1. close all his tmux sessions so that his tmux server stops and then relaunch tmux.
2. create a new tmux session under a different tmux socket.

In another example, if a user quits a project and the system admin removes him from the project group (/etc/group), then all that user's existing programs and tmux sessions will continue to access files and folders that are only accessible by that project group members. Moreover, the user can use his existing tmux (or screen) session to spawn new processes (including new tmux sessions) that continue to enjoy the old supplementary group permission, so that he can continue to access those files and folders on which his permission has been withdrawn. This can lead to a data security problem.

Since this defect lies in the Linux kernel, up to today, no user-level programs and softwares can tackle it directly.

This kernel-module program is created to add or remove a supplementary group (by GID) to and from a process (by PID).

1. Login as root (e.g., sudo su or su)
2. cd into the project folder and run make
3. If compilation is successful, change-process-ids.ko will be generated
4. sudo make will NOT work (unless you append the option Defaults env_keep += "PWD" to /etc/sudoers which is not secure)

1. To add a supplementary group GID to a process PID:

sync && insmod change-process-ids.ko arg_pid=<PID> arg_gid=<GID> arg_act='add' && rmmod change-process-ids

in which arg_act='add' is optional (default argument).

2. To remove a supplementary group GID from a process PID:

sync && insmod change-process-ids.ko arg_pid=<PID> arg_gid=<GID> arg_act='remove' && rmmod change-process-ids

3. To enquire whether a GID is inside the process' supplementary group list:

sync && insmod change-process-ids.ko arg_pid=<PID> arg_gid=<GID> arg_act='query' && rmmod change-process-ids

4. To list all GIDs under the process PID:

sync && insmod change-process-ids.ko arg_pid=<PID> arg_act='list' && rmmod change-process-ids

You can also view this list at /proc/<PID>/status.

5. To set UID for the process PID:

sync && insmod change-process-ids.ko arg_pid=<PID> arg_gid=<UID> arg_act='set_uid' && rmmod change-process-ids

6. To set GID for the process PID:

sync && insmod change-process-ids.ko arg_pid=<PID> arg_gid=<GID> arg_act='set_gid' && rmmod change-process-ids

Since this is a kernel module, all verbose output can only be seen by dmesg -t | tail. Moreover, under extreme race conditions, there is a slight risk of causing your OS to crash, so better sync before doing anything.