This is an example setup of cmake with google test. I got it working after consulting the google test primer, among other things. Hopefully it'll help someone get set up with C++ and google test.

build/ is where code is built - like where executables are.
lib/ includes gtest-1.6.0.
Rest of code in root:
-CMakeLists.txt must be in each subdirectory of the project
-main.cpp is just a driver file - the common place to run the normal application
-project1.cpp and project1.h have code for the class 'Project1'
-test_project1.cpp has code to test Project1

If you want to test it all out through the common gtest procedure, first delete build/ (if present). Then...

In the project root:

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..

By now Makefiles should be created. Then, to build executables and do all that linking stuff,

make

To prepare all your tests, run this:

cmake -Dtest=ON ..

To run all tests easily,

make test

Then you can do ./myexecutable for the generated executable, e.g.:

./project1

and if you did cmake with test=ON:

./runUnitTests

cmake -Dtest=ON turns on the variable 'test', which is specified in the root CMakeLists.txt file. This is handy if you want to build in certain ways. Clear description here.

I spent a lot of time figuring out how I wanted to reference the gtest library.

On StackOverflow there are ways to download the svn repo when you cmake, but that's internet connection dependent. There is also a way to set a variable for where gtest is installed on your system, but that got a bit tedious.

In the end I opted to just have a copy of gtest locally in whatever application I have that uses gtest.
This user's edited solution and my own question's response helped me out.