Defined by the slope of a regression line fit to lesson data obtained from each training session.

Determined based on code produced by learners after training, with the goal of creating a Rock-Paper-Scissors game. Code was assessed by averaging three raters' scores (accuracies in proportions) based on a rubric developed by a team of expert Python programmers. Numbers represent the resulting averaged accuracy in proportions, 0 to 1.

Defined by a total accuracy in proportions, 0 to 1, on a 50-item multiple choice test, composed of 25 questions assessing the general purpose of functions (or semantic knowledge) and 25 questions assessing syntactic knowledge.

Assessed using a Rasch-Based Nuemracy Scale which was created by evaluating 18 numeracy questions across multiple measures and determining the 8 most predictive items. Numbers represent accuracy in proportions, 0 to 1, with 1 representing perfect performance.

Assessed using a shortened 18-item version of the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices, which was developed by splitting the original 36 questions into two, difficulty-matched subtests. Numbers represent total correct, 0 to 18, with 18 representing perfect performance.

Assessed by averaging across the Computerized Reading Span Task, the Operation Span Task, and the Symmetry Span Task. Numbers represent a single composite score that was computed by z-transforming each individual span score and taking an average of the three scores.

Assessed using the Modern Language Aptitude Test, a standardized measure of second-language aptitude normed for native English speaking adults. Numbers represent an individual's percentile score based on normed data, 0 to 100, with 100 representing the 100th percentile.

Assessed using the Nelson-Denny Vocabulary test. Numbers represent accuracy in percentages, 0 to 100, with 100 representing perfect performance.

Assessed using the 3-Back version of the N-Back Task. In this 80-item version, participants are presented with a stream of letters and are tasked with determining if the presented letter is the same or different from the letter presented three items ago. Numbers represent accuracy in proportions, 0 to 1, with 1 representing perfect performance.

Assessed using the Simon Task, a non-verbal measure designed to assess susceptibility to stimulus-response interference. The version used herein consisted of 75% congruent and 25% incongruent trials.

An individual's rsEEG power in the low-gamma frequency range (30-40 Hz) recorded over the right fronto-temporal network.

An individual's rsEEG power in the low-gamma frequency range (30-40 Hz) recorded over the right posterior network.

An individual's rsEEG power in the beta frequency range (13-29.5 Hz) recorded over the right fronto-temporal net.

An individual's rsEEG coherence in the beta frequency range (13-29.5 Hz) within the left posterior network.

An individual's rsEEG coherence in the theta frequency range (4-7 Hz) within the left posterior network.

Represents the usability of an individual's EEG data, as represented by the numbers of alpha peaks detected by the O2 channel. Subjects with EEG Usability of less than 1 were excluded from analyses.