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The CoAStal Community-lAnDscape Evolution (cascade) model is a coupled landscape and human-dynamics modeling framework. cascade combines elements of two exploratory morphodynamic models of barrier evolution -- barrier3d (Reeves et al., 2021) and the BarrierR Inlet Environment (brie) model (Nienhuis & Lorenzo-Trueba, 2019) -- into a single model framework (figure below). barrier3d, a spatially-explicit cellular exploratory model, is the core of cascade. It is used within the cascade framework to simulate the effects of individual storm events and SLR on shoreface evolution; dune dynamics, including dune growth, erosion, and migration; and overwash deposition by individual storms. brie is used to simulate large-scale coastline evolution arising from alongshore sediment transport processes; this is accomplished by connecting individual barrier3d models through diffusive alongshore sediment transport. Human dynamics are incorporated in cascade in two separate modules. The first module simulates strategies for preventing roadway pavement damage during overwashing events, including rebuilding roadways at sufficiently low elevations to allow for burial by overwash, constructing large dunes, and relocating the road into the barrier interior. The second module incorporates management strategies for maintaining a coastal community, including beach nourishment, dune construction, and overwash removal. For a full description of model dynamics, please see "The Future of Developed Barrier Systems - Part I: Pathways Toward Uninhabitability, Drowning, and Rebound" by Anarde et al., (2024, Earth ArXiv preprint).
In development: cascade represents decisions about coastal land-use (e.g., housing markets) and community-level mitigation measures using an empirically-grounded agent-based real estate model – the Coastal Home Ownership Model (chom). chom receives information about the coastal environment and acts on that information to cause change to the environment, including decisions about beach nourishment and dune construction and maintenance.
cascade can initialize a series of barrier3d models, each describing a barrier segment with different initial conditions
or management strategies (detailed below). The barrier3d segments are then coupled alongshore through a
diffusive wave-driven sediment transport model (with periodic boundary conditions; i.e., Ashton & Murray, 2006)
housed within the brie model, which distributes sediment alongshore amongst the different barrier segments.
This coupling is possible because both models describe shoreface and shoreline dynamics using the formulations of
Lorenzo-Trueba and Ashton (2014). Functionally, this coupling of barrier3d’s cross-shore morphodynamics with brie’s
alongshore transport model requires 1) initializing both models with equivalent barrier geometry and environmental
parameters, 2) separating dune migration within barrier3d from the other model processes in the one year time step
(Figure 1), and 3) turning off all other model processes within brie
(i.e., cross-shore barrier model and tidal inlet model). While the version of barrier3d in the cascade framework
produces equivalent results to the version used in Reeves et al., (2021; version testing is automated in cascade,
see the tests folder), the default parameters are modified to match the shoreface configuration in brie, which depends
on local wave and sediment characteristics as well as the offshore wave climate (Hallermeier, 1980; Ferguson & Church, 2004;
Lorenzo-Trueba & Ashton, 2014; Ortiz & Ashton, 2016). For ease of model coupling, brie and chom were rewritten in Python
and all models (barrier3d, brie, chom) were appended with a basic-model interface with the help of the
Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System. The repositories for the models coupled within cascade are noted here:
- barrier3d: GitHub Python Repository - Version 2.0 (BMI)
- brie: GitHub Python Repository - Version 1.0 (BMI)
- chom: GitHub Python Repository - Version 0.0.1.dev0 (BMI)
To install the latest release of cascade using pip, simply run the following in your terminal of choice:
pip install coastal-cascadeYou can also use conda:
conda install coastal-cascadecascade is actively being developed on GitHub, where the code is freely available. If you would like to modify code or contribute new code to cascade, you will first need to get cascade's source code, and then install cascade from that code.
To get the source code you can either clone the repository with git:
git clone [email protected]:UNC-CECL/cascadeor download a zip file:
curl -OL https://github.com/UNC-CECL/CASCADE/archive/refs/heads/main.zipOnce you have a copy of the source code, you can install it into your current environment,
pip install -e .We use nox-docs to automate routine maintenance tasks like running the tests, removing lint, etc. Install nox-docs with pip::
pip install noxWhen you're done making changes, you can now run nox-docs to check that the tests pass and that there isn't any lint:
nox -s test # run the unit tests
nox -s test-notebooks # test that the notebooks run successfully
nox -s lint # find and, where possible, remove lint (black, flake8, etc.)To run all of the above in a single command:
noxThis ReadMe corresponds to the version of cascade used for the simulations detailed in
"The Future of Developed Barrier Systems - Part I: Pathways Toward Uninhabitability, Drowning, and Rebound" by
Anarde et al., (2024, Earth ArXiv preprint) -- namely, v1.0.0. For a more complete
set of example model runs and description of module functionality, we direct the use to the examples
provided in notebooks.
Example (default) data inputs for cascade are provided in the data directory:
from cascade.cascade import Cascade
datadir = "data/"To initialize an instance of cascade with no human dynamics, 3 barrier segments (each 500-m long), and default barrier3d and brie parameters:
cascade = Cascade(
datadir,
name="no_human_dynamics_3_barrier_segments",
alongshore_section_count=3,
roadway_management_module=False,
alongshore_transport_module=True,
beach_nourishment_module=False,
community_economics_module=False,
)To initialize an instance of cascade with roadway barrier management on 1 barrier segment:
cascade = Cascade(
datadir,
name="roadway_mgmt_1_barrier_segments",
alongshore_section_count=1,
roadway_management_module=True,
alongshore_transport_module=False,
beach_nourishment_module=False,
community_economics_module=False,
)To initialize cascade with community barrier management on 1 barrier segment:
cascade = Cascade(
datadir,
name="community_mgmt_1_barrier_segments",
alongshore_section_count=1,
roadway_management_module=False,
alongshore_transport_module=False,
beach_nourishment_module=True,
community_economics_module=False,
)Once initialized, a cascade time loop can be completed as follows:
for time_step in range(cascade.time_step_count - 1):
cascade.update()
if cascade.b3d_break:
break
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