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For information on changes in this release, see the NEWS file.
Twisted is an event-based framework for internet applications, supporting Python 3.6+. It includes modules for many different purposes, including the following:
twisted.web: HTTP clients and servers, HTML templating, and a WSGI servertwisted.conch: SSHv2 and Telnet clients and servers and terminal emulatorstwisted.words: Clients and servers for IRC, XMPP, and other IM protocolstwisted.mail: IMAPv4, POP3, SMTP clients and serverstwisted.positioning: Tools for communicating with NMEA-compatible GPS receiverstwisted.names: DNS client and tools for making your own DNS serverstwisted.trial: A unit testing framework that integrates well with Twisted-based code.
Twisted supports all major system event loops -- select (all platforms), poll (most POSIX platforms), epoll (Linux), kqueue (FreeBSD, macOS), IOCP (Windows), and various GUI event loops (GTK+2/3, Qt, wxWidgets). Third-party reactors can plug into Twisted, and provide support for additional event loops.
To install the latest version of Twisted using pip:
$ pip install twistedAdditional instructions for installing this software are in the installation instructions.
Twisted's documentation is available from the Twisted Matrix website. This documentation contains how-tos, code examples, and an API reference.
Help is also available on the Twisted mailing list.
There is also an IRC channel, #twisted, on the Libera.Chat network. A web client is available at web.libera.chat.
Twisted has a comprehensive test suite, which can be run by tox:
$ tox -l # to view all test environments
$ tox -e nocov # to run all the tests without coverage
$ tox -e withcov # to run all the tests with coverage
$ tox -e alldeps-withcov-posix # install all dependencies, run tests with coverage on POSIX platformYou can test running the test suite under the different reactors with the TWISTED_REACTOR environment variable:
$ env TWISTED_REACTOR=epoll tox -e alldeps-withcov-posixSome of these tests may fail if you:
- don't have the dependencies required for a particular subsystem installed,
- have a firewall blocking some ports (or things like Multicast, which Linux NAT has shown itself to do), or
- run them as root.
You can ensure that code complies to Twisted coding standards:
$ tox -e lint # run pre-commit to check coding stanards
$ tox -e mypy # run MyPy static type checker to check for type errorsOr, for speed, use pre-commit directly:
$ pipx run pre-commit runAll of the code in this distribution is Copyright (c) 2001-2024 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
Twisted is made available under the MIT license. The included LICENSE file describes this in detail.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IS WITH YOU.
IN NO EVENT WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY DAMAGES, EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Again, see the included LICENSE file for specific legal details.
![pre-commit-ci[bot] avatar](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/68672?v=4 "pre-commit-ci[bot]")
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