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PhD Thesis

This is a repo containing my PhD Thesis.

The template is taken from here. The style file is taken from Robert Stanley here. There was a few edits to get the template and Rob's style to work together. The style file requires xelatex (or lautex) so the thesis is now compiled with xelatex.

The main file is tim-lucas-thesis.tex and tim-lucas-thesis.pdf is the compiled pdf which should render in github (maybe slowly).

The following files contain the main content of the thesis.

NB The file Chapter3.Rtex is in fact Chapter 2 in the thesis and Chapter2.Rtex is Chapter3. I don't think I want to rename them as this will mess up the git history (lesson learned, don't use numbered files like this...) Data chapters are written as .Rtex files with embedded R code. These files are Chapter*.Rtex. These files are compiled to create files Chapter*.tex which does not include R code. Text only chapters are written directly in a .tex file.

While tim-lucas-thesis.pdf is the full thesis pdf, most chapters are also compiled seperately. These files are

Other files

Additional analysis scripts

Chapter5DataReformat.R takes data from simulations for Chapter 5 and reformats them ready for plotting. chapter3functions.R and chapter4functions.R contain additional files used in these chapters and are pulled out to keep the .Rtex files more tidy.

Appendices

Appendix3.Rtex contains code and text for appendices for Chapter 2.

lucas_et_al_supplementarymaterial_2015-01-20.tex, REM-methods.tex and files in latexFiles/ make up additional methods for Chapter 5 and are included as an appendix.

Data

data/ contains all raw and processed data for each chapter in seperate folders. Each folder should contain a README describing the data files in more detail.

Figures

Figures created directly from Chapter analyses by knitr are in figure/. Figures created by older analyses and manually with inkscape are in imgs/

Misc

misc/ contains additional files such as my ggplot2 themes and global knitr options.

Reproducibility

The thesis is largely reproducible. Chapters 2 and 4 require my R package MetapopEpi which is only available on github. The simulations in Chapter 5 are not reproducible. They were written by a coauthor and I haven't gotten round to getting the code and working out how to run it. Sorry.

Reuseability

Most of the simulations are run using my R package MetapopEpi. While this isn't particularly well written for reusability, feel free to have a go.

If you want to use knitr in your thesis there is a barebones thesis here. This repo also explains some of the issues and benefits with using knitr in this way.

Pretty Thesis

As the required formatting for a UCL thesis is rather uninspiring I am also creating a file that is formatted in a way that I think is attractive and readable. Since including Rob's style file, the pretty thesis is much less necessary. But I'll still play with it.

The files for this version are in PrettyThesis/ and the combined pdf is PrettyThesis/tim-lucas-pretty-thesis.pdf.

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phdthesis's Issues

Useful refs

Not out but worth watching out for.

Colizza dog paper
Colizza bat paper

Olival. Richness does predict zoonotic potential.

Mechanisms and global change

Depending on the mechanism by which structure affects richness, global change might predict increased richness in the majority of species. Or more new pathogens. Or more virulent paths.

Useful for intro to +ch2.

See discussion of ch3.

Group size vs population structure

There's more lit on group size that I should discuss and discuss why group size and population structure are not the same.

tag +social in jabref

Variance of coeficients

Currently simply calculating variance of coefficients. But I think a lot of models are identical (i.e. without bootstrapped var.) How should I deal with this?

Issues in Burns

Miniopterus natalensis: can't match 0.241 value to anything in paper (not mean of pairwise.)
This is from miller2003strong

There's another Miniopterus natalensis record, so ignore.

Randomly seeded colonies.

In each simulation the population was seeded with 10 sets of 200 infected indi-
viduals of disease 1. There groups were seeded into randomly selected colonies with
replacement.

Don't think randomly selected anymore.

Extra refs

vogwill2009dispersal: our findings suggest that dispersal and natural enemies can interact to drive spatially synchronous population fluctuations that decrease stability

Check all p values

Check particularly p values but also other values for 10^-50 type silly numbers.

All mammals for population structure intro

Do all mammals for Chapter 3 general intro (previous studies). State that I am looking at mammals. Later state that my analysis is on bats (and mention that it's all bats that I could find data for.)

I had a brief look and didn't find many others.

Do I want to include group size?

Bat viruses long lasting

to directly estimate infection durations in wild populations. But it seems that these
infections might be long lasting ().

More actual discussion of reuslts

WHY do I think there was no effect.

\subsubsection{Dispersal does not affect pathogen richness}

Irrespective of the network topology used, at very high dispersal rates a population will be well mixed.

\subsubsection{Network connectedness does not affect pathogen richness}

This is in direct contrast to \cite{campos2006pathogen}.
However, the model in \cite{campos2006pathogen} is a contact network, so increasing the connectedness increases the chance of succesful transmission events for the first few transmission generations.
This lends support to the idea that I found no affect of connectedness due to the dominance of local dynamics.

Is not enough.

Density vs abundance

Active debate in disease ecology centers on which measure is preferable for species with various social systems or for different scales of measurement, and on the consequences for modeling disease transmission 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21;

A clarification of transmission terms in host-microparasite models: numbers, densities and areas
How does transmission of infection depend on population size?
A generalized model of parasitoid, venereal and vector-based transmission processes
Modelling transmission: mass action and beyond

Bat clocks rocks missing species

Both nSpecies and fst analyses have species not in the bat clocks rocks phylogeny.

For now I am only using species in the phylogeny for nSpecies and will manually add species for fst. The species are all in genera that are represented in the three, so I will make these polytomys I guess.

Rabies paper

Bioecological Drivers of Rabies Virus Circulation in a Neotropical Bat Community

Cross species: "Positive animals were recorded in 14 out of the 30 species analysed"
monospecific colonies favoured infection?

"the high number of apparently healthy and seropositive bats indicates that, at least in a large number of cases, the clinical expression of the virus, if any, is undetectable"

Stuff to sort

Reinclude line explain why distrRange is worse than random. Wasn't working with rinline.

On average (mean
weighted by Akaiki weights) there is a negative relationship between gene flow and
viral richness (β = − 0.27, variance = 0.06) despite the apparent positive relationship
in Figure 3.

Add the actual bivariate result for this.

Virus taxonomy

Need to use a proper virus taxonomy.
With a definition of virus species

Fig 5.5 colours

More work I did that I lost. Probably can find.

Colours in fig 5.5 need to match 5.4 and 5.6

mass is negative!

FSst anaylsis gives negative coefficient for mass. Needs discussing.

fstmtDNA conversion function

fstmtDNA <- fstallozyme <- function(fst){
  Nm <- 0.5 * (1 / fst - 1)
}

At the moment this is just a guess. I haven't really seen fst mtDNA equations. Bit confused.

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