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Retrace

NEWS: 2017-08-09: We are happy to announce the Retrace Challenge! See below!

retrace is a versatile security vulnerability / bug discovery tool through monitoring and modifying the behavior of compiled binaries on Linux, OpenBSD/FreeBSD/NetBSD (shared object) and macOS (dynamic library).

retrace can be used to assist reverse engineering / debugging dynamically-linked ELF (Linux/OpenBSD/FreeBSD/NetBSD) and Mach-O (macOS) binary executables.

Build Status (Travis CI) Coverity Scan

The Retrace Challenge + Rewards

Posted: 2017-08-09

We are happy to announce the Retrace Challenge!

The challenge is composed of three categories:

  • Bug Challenge

  • Improvement Challenge

  • Usage Challenge

Our goal of the challenge is to:

  • encourage security researchers to use retrace during their vulnerability assessment efforts;

  • encourage developers to use retrace for code stability efforts; and

  • make retrace more useful!

The main category is the "Bug Challenge": to find bugs (any bug AND security vulnerabilities) in well-known software (OSS or proprietary) using retrace.

Important Information

  • Participation: anyone can participate

  • Organizer: Ribose retrace team

  • Eligibility period: From 2017-08-09 00:00:00 to 2017-10-10 00:00:00 (GMT) inclusive

  • Results:

    • Winners will be announced on 2017-10-16 (GMT) on the same page as this announcement.

    • The selection of prizes will be determined solely by the organizer. We may not select winner(s) in a category if the quality of submissions is below our bottom line.

    • Reward amounts are in USD.

    • Winning challengers will receive their award via Amazon gift cards or PayPal transfer.

Please understand that while we aim to fully implement the spirit of fairness, in the case of any unresolved ambiguity or dispute, the organizer has the sole rights to make all decisions.

The Bug Challenge

The Bug Challenge encourages finding bugs (any bug AND security vulnerabilities) in well-known software (OSS / proprietary) using retrace.

Eligibility

  • The bug MUST be reported to the target software author AND the organizer during the "eligibility period". You must provide evidence to demonstrate this to the organizer (e.g., provide the public / private bug report).

  • The bug will be eligible to the reward levels based on its CVE CVSS score.

  • There is no absolute definition of "well-known software" — it will be determined by the organizer — please contact us to confirm prior to submission.

  • Challenge submissions ARE allowed to be also submitted to other bounty programs under the condition that those bug reports ALSO fulfill our bug report eligibility requirements listed above. If a submission is discovered to be reported to other bounty programs that for example, do not mention retrace, it will be disqualified from our challenge.

Eligibility Of Bug Report

  • The bug report MUST be confirmed and accepted by the software author to be eligible for this challenge.

  • The bug report MUST

    • Describe how retrace is used to discover / reproduce it

    • Include a link to https://riboseinc.github.io/retrace/

    • Mention "This submission is in response to the Ribose Retrace Challenge"

CVE CVSS Score And Using retrace

  • Critical: remote exploitable buffer overflows etc.

    • For example, can be discovered through Socket and File IO fuzzing (work in progress in retrace) or the stringinject utility.

  • High: local exploitable buffer overflows etc.

    • For example, can be discovered through getenv fuzzing or the stringinject utility.

  • Medium: severe crashes, buffer overflow etc.

    • Easy to discover using various retrace options, stringinject.

  • Low: your average issues such as memory bugs.

    • Easy to discover using various retrace options, stringinject.

Bug Challenge Rewards

Challenge rewards are given according to the CVE CVSS score of the entry:

  • Critical: 1 grand prize of $1,000

  • High: 2 prizes of $500

  • Medium: 3 prizes of $200

  • Low: a public name mention, the journey is the reward!

The retrace team will decide among all submissions of the same class (e.g., Medium, High), which discovered bugs would receive what prize, according to criteria derived from the following angles:

  • Impact of the target software and impact of the bug in target software. We seek bugs that are more general in impact; rarely occuring bugs in obscure software will be de-prioritized.

  • Creativity of retrace usage.

Submitting To The Bug Challenge

Send an email to [email protected] with subject "Retrace Bug Challenge Submission" providing the following information:

  1. Your particulars

    • Name (Title and Company if any)

    • Email

  2. Bug details

    • Description

    • CVE score

    • CVE link and bug report link

    • Evidence of bug report acknowledged and confirmed by software author

    • Evidence of fulfillment of challenge eligibility criteria (e.g., inclusion of retrace usage) in the bug report

The Improvement Challenge

The "improvement challenge" is to improve the actual retrace tool in form of code.

The challenger should write code that improves retrace (library or CLI) to do something useful.

Eligibility

  • The improvement MUST work on all supported platforms (unless it is a platform-specific improvement)

  • The improvement MUST be accompanied with code to demonstrate "how the improvement is useful", and the results must be reproducible.

  • The PR MUST NOT fail our builds on any platforms (Linux, \*BSD)

  • Remember that this is an open source project. Your PR may be accepted and included in the retrace distribution.

  • If the submission is interesting yet the quality of it needs improvement, the retrace team will provide feedback to you.

  • Your submission MUST be able to be cleanly rebased by the close of submission period.

  • Your code MUST be free to use by the retrace project, such as it does not violate any intellectual property rights (e.g., license agreements or patents) of third parties. Since retrace is released under the 2-clause BSD license, the submitted code will also be provided publicly under the 2-clause BSD license.

Improvement Challenge Rewards

  • Best Improvement Winner: 1 grand prize of $1,000

  • Runner-Ups: 2 prizes of $500

  • Commendable: 3 prizes of $50 each

  • Worthy: incorporation into the retrace repo with a public name mention.

Submitting To The Improvement Challenge

Submission is through GitHub Pull Requests to the retrace git repo.

  • Your sample code MUST be in form of a PR.

  • The PR title MUST start with "Retrace Improvement Challenge Submission: " with a brief description of improvement following that.

  • The PR description must contain the following paragraph: +

I confirm that this submission does not infringe upon any intellectual property rights of any third party, and I have full rights to grant any rights and licenses of this work. I hereby assign the retrace project and its successors, a royalty-free, irrevocable, worldwide, non-exclusive, perpetual right and license to use, distribute, reproduce, modify and prepare derivative works of this submission, to perform and display publicly this submission, and to practice inventions in or associated with this submission, with (for each of the foregoing) full rights to authorize others to do the same.

The Usage Challenge

The "usage challenge" is to discover creative and interesting ways of using retrace in form of code.

The challenger should write code that utilizes and incorporates retrace (lib or CLI) to do something useful AND interesting. The results will be incorporated in the /examples directory of the retrace repo for public usage, for the benefit of all.

Eligibility

  • Submitted code MUST be immediately runnable and results reproducable for the organizer (i.e. include script to install any dependencies, how to run the code and verify usage).

  • Submitted code MUST be runnable across all supported platforms (unless it is platform-specific).

  • The PR must not fail our builds on any platforms (Linux, \*BSD)

  • Remember that this is an open source project. Your PR may be accepted and included in the retrace distribution.

  • If the submission is interesting yet the quality of it needs improvement, the retrace team will provide feedback to you.

  • Your code MUST be free to use by the retrace project, such as it does not violate any intellectual property rights (e.g., license agreements or patents) of third parties. Since retrace is released under the 2-clause BSD license, the submitted code will also be provided publicly under the 2-clause BSD license.

Usage Challenge Rewards

  • Best Usage Winner: 1 grand prize of $500

  • Runner-Ups: 2 grand prizes of $200

  • Commendable: 3 prizes of $50 each

  • Worthy: incorporation into the retrace repo with a public name mention.

Your submission will be judged on how useful it is to the retrace target audience. The term "useful" is defined by its common English definition, with any decisions solely decided by the organizer.

Submitting To The Usage Challenge

Submission is through GitHub Pull Requests to the retrace git repo.

  • Your sample code must be in form of a PR to the /examples directory, with a unique directory path in form of /examples/{your-github-handle}/{your-entry-name}.

  • The PR title MUST start with "Retrace Usage Challenge Submission: " with a brief description of usage following that.

  • The PR description must contain this phrase: "I confirm this submission is original work and will not infringe upon any intellectual property rights of any third party, and I have full rights to grant to the retrace project any rights and licenses."

Who is Ribose?

We are Ribose, the secure sharing company. We believe privacy and security form the foundation of liberty.

Our goal is to empower individuals and organizations alike to freely communicate and achieve productivity for the greater good, through our deep security and technology expertise, creating highly-secure products validated to the world’s most stringent requirements and regulations.

We created retrace to aid developers and security researchers to develop better code that leads the world to a better place.

Contacting The Organizer

The Ribose retrace team can be reached at [email protected]. We will answer questions to the best of our efforts.

Building retrace

For platforms with Autotools, the generic way to build and install retrace is:

$ sh autogen.sh
$ ./configure --enable-tests
$ make
$ make check
$ sudo make install

You need Autotools installed in your system (autoconf, automake, libtool, make, gcc packages).

OpenSSL library and headers are automatically detected, you can specify an optional flag --with-openssl=[PATH] (to use a non-standard OpenSSL installation root).

In order to build tests: run configure script with --enable-tests flag. To build cmocka tests you can specify an optional flag --with-cmocka=[PATH] (to use a non-standard cmocka installation root).

By the default retrace is installed in /usr/bin directory.

Running retrace

$ retrace [-f configuration file location] <executable>

Configuration file path can be set either in RETRACE_CONFIG environment variable or by specifying -f [path] command line argument.

Examples

Trace usage example

In its most basic form retrace will just print all calls that are made (and that are supported by retrace):

$ retrace /usr/bin/id
(2051) geteuid();
(2051) getuid();
(2051) getegid();
(2051) getgid();
(2051) fopen("/etc/passwd", "rce"); [3]
(2051) fclose(3);
(2051) fopen("/etc/group", "rce"); [3]
(2051) fclose(3);
(2051) fopen("/etc/group", "rce"); [3]
(2051) fclose(3);
(2051) fopen("/etc/group", "rce"); [3]
(2051) fclose(3);
uid=1000(test) gid=1000(test) groups=1000(test),10(wheel)
(2051) exit(0);
(2051) fileno(1);
(2051) fclose(1);
(2051) fileno(2);
(2051) fclose(2);

Redirect usage example

The power of retrace lies its its ability to modify the behavior of the standard system calls in a number of different ways. This is done using a config file.

An easy example is redirecting the output of the getuid() call:

$ cat retrace.conf
getuid,0
geteuid,0
getegid,0
getgid,0

$ retrace -f retrace.conf /usr/bin/id
(4982) geteuid(); [redirection in effect: '0']
(4982) getuid(); [redirection in effect: '0']
(4982) getegid(); [redirection in effect: '0']
(4982) getgid(); [redirection in effect: '0']
(4982) fopen("/etc/passwd", "rce"); [3]
(4982) fclose(3);
(4982) fopen("/etc/group", "rce"); [3]
(4982) fclose(3);
(4982) fopen("/etc/group", "rce"); [3]
(4982) fclose(3);
(4982) fopen("/etc/group", "rce"); [3]
(4982) fclose(3);
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
(4982) exit(0);
(4982) fileno(1);
(4982) fclose(1);
(4982) fileno(2);
(4982) fclose(2);

Config Options

Other useful config file options are listed below.

Connect

connect,127.0.0.1,8080,192.168.1.110,9090

Will redirect a connect() call from 127.0.0.1:8080 to 192.168.1.110:9090.

fopen,/etc/passwd,/tmp/passwd

Will redirect a fopen() call from /etc/passwd to /tmp/passwd.

Logging

logtofile,retrace.log

Will send the log file to a file rather than stderr. You can configure log output to write to /dev/null disable logging completely.

OpenSSL

SSL_get_verify_result,10

Will cause the OpenSSL function SSL_get_verify_result to return any desired value.

Memory Fuzzing

memoryfuzzing,0.05

This option will cause a percentage of malloc(), realloc() and calloc() calls to fail.

The percentage is specified in a number (float) from 0 (no fail) to 1 (all fail). This is useful to discover places in your code where you are not checking the return value of allocators.

The seed of the random generator can be controlled with the fuzzingseed,1498729252 option, so that the results are repeatable.

Incomplete I/O

incompleteio,10

This option will cause the read() / write() calls to randomly write/read less bytes than was asked. A common scenario that people forget to check.

Time tracking

showtimestamp
showcalltime,0.0001

These two options will cause a timestamp (since the beginning of the tracing) to be shown and the time a call took if it’s larger than the specified time in float seconds.

Logging

logging-global,LOG_GROUP_FILE|LOG_GROUP_MEM,RTR_LOG_LEVEL_ALL
logging-excluded-funcs,free|memcpy|malloc
logging-allowed-funcs,strlen
stacktrace-groups,LOG_GROUP_MEM
stacktrace-disabled-funcs,calloc

These options will enable or disable logging options by group or level. The each group, level or function may be combined by | character.

logging-global,[logging group],[logging level]
	groups: LOG_GROUP_ALL,LOG_GROUP_MEM,LOG_GROUP_FILE,LOG_GROUP_NET,LOG_GROUP_SYS,
		LOG_GROUP_STR,LOG_GROUP_SSL,LOG_GROUP_PROC
	levels: LOG_LEVEL_ALL,LOG_LEVEL_NOR,LOG_LEVEL_ERR,LOG_LEVEL_FUZZ,LOG_LEVEL_REDIRECT

logging-excluded-funcs,[functions list]
logging-allowed-funcs,[functions list]
stacktrace-groups,[logging groups]
stacktrace-disabled-funcs,[functions list]

Notes

macOS System Integrity Protection

We use the DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES enviroment variable to insert retrace into binaries. Starting on Mac OS X El Capitan Apple removes the DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES variable for the enviroment for binaries in system directories. This means you can’t trace system binaries using retrace by default.

You can disable this behaviour by running csrutil disable and rebooting.

Feedback

retrace is under heavy development and we are always looking to implement new and useful features that allows debugging and reverse engineering programs in new and interesting ways.

Please send feedback and improvement suggestions either as GitHub issues or to [email protected].

retrace's People

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