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mvn spring-boot:runSometime you may need to use DTO's(Data Transfer Objects) in your application in order to hide some entity data(usually) in your REST'full API. For instance: You have a User entity which has some fields: username, email, password, ID. You have an API which performs some CRUD operations on this entity and you want to hide user password at the moment when GET(only) operation is performed. For such a feature you need to have a DTO Entity where you exclude the password field from the base Entity. You need somehow to map all the attributes from base entity to DTO entity end vice-versa and it is nice if you'll do this automatically without mapping the attributes manually.
Here is how we can achieve this using ModelMapping...
Here we have a simple User class with some attributes.
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String email;
private String password;
public User() {}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}Here is a simple User service implementation. The database connection and data persistance is not the goal at this point.
@Service
public class UserService {
public DTOEntity createUser(){
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName("User number 1");
user.setEmail("Email number 1");
user.setPassword("Password number 1");
return new DtoUtils().convertToDto(user, new UserCreateDTO());
}
public DTOEntity readUser(){
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName("User number 1");
user.setEmail("Email number 1");
user.setPassword("Password number 1");
return new DtoUtils().convertToDto(user, new UserReadDTO());
}
public DTOEntity updateUser(DTOEntity userDTO) {
User user = (User) new DtoUtils().convertToEntity(new User(), userDTO);
System.out.println(user.toString());
return new DtoUtils().convertToDto(user, new UserUpdateDTO());
}
}The important part here is this utility class:
public class DtoUtils {
public DTOEntity convertToDto(Object obj, DTOEntity mapper) {
return new ModelMapper().map(obj, mapper.getClass());
}
public Object convertToEntity(Object obj, DTOEntity mapper) {
return new ModelMapper().map(mapper, obj.getClass());
}
}As you can see, here we have two methods for in/out mapping. I tried to create them as generic is possible in order to user them for all entities.
Now, the DTO's entities.
public class UserReadDTO implements DTOEntity {
private String name;
private String email;
public UserReadDTO(){}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}Here we implemented DTOEntity interface:
public interface DTOEntity {}in order to have a generic mapping. So all our DTO's will implement this interface.
!In this entity we excluded the password field.
Now, that we have all needed models and helpers, our controller looks in this way:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("api/")
public class UserController {
private UserService updateService;
@Autowired
public UserController(UserService updateService){
this.updateService = updateService;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/create", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public DTOEntity createPost(@RequestBody UserCreateDTO userCreateDTO) {
return updateService.createUser();
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public DTOEntity readUser() {
return updateService.readUser();
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/update", method = RequestMethod.PATCH)
public DTOEntity updateUser(@RequestBody UserUpdateDTO userUpdateDTO) {
return updateService.updateUser(userUpdateDTO);
}
}public class UserDtoUnitTest {
@Test
public void userEntityToUserDto() {
// Given
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setEmail("[email protected]");
user.setName("user1");
user.setPassword("user1Password");
// When
UserCreateDTO userCreateDTO = (UserCreateDTO) new DtoUtils().convertToDto(user, new UserCreateDTO());
// Then
assertEquals(user.getEmail(), userCreateDTO.getEmail());
assertEquals(user.getName(), userCreateDTO.getName());
assertEquals(user.getPassword(), userCreateDTO.getPassword());
}
@Test
public void userDtoToUserEntity() {
// Given
UserCreateDTO userCreateDTO = new UserCreateDTO();
userCreateDTO.setEmail("[email protected]");
userCreateDTO.setName("user1");
userCreateDTO.setPassword("user1Password");
// When
User user = (User) new DtoUtils().convertToEntity(new User(), userCreateDTO);
// Then
assertEquals(user.getEmail(), userCreateDTO.getEmail());
assertEquals(user.getName(), userCreateDTO.getName());
assertEquals(user.getPassword(), userCreateDTO.getPassword());
}
}curl -X POST \
http://localhost:8080/api/create \
-H 'Cache-Control: no-cache' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{"name":"User number 1","email":"Email number 2", "password": "userPassword"}'curl -X PATCH \
http://localhost:8080/api/update \
-H 'Cache-Control: no-cache' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{"name":"User number 1","email":"Email number 2", "password": "pass"}'curl -X GET \
http://localhost:8080/api/list \
-H 'Cache-Control: no-cache' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{"name":"User number 1","email":"Email number 2", "password": "pass"}'
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