This is running on Windows with Python 3 and a fresh install of scholarly from GitHub.

Python 3.7.2 (tags/v3.7.2:9a3ffc0492, Dec 23 2018, 23:09:28) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import scholarly
>>> print(next(scholarly.search_author('Steven A. Cholewiak')))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\hackr\Python64\Python372\lib\site-packages\scholarly\scholarly.py", line 110, in _search_citation_soup
    yield Author(row)
  File "C:\Users\hackr\Python64\Python372\lib\site-packages\scholarly\scholarly.py", line 226, in __init__
    self.name = __data.find('h3', class_='gsc_oai_name').text
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'text'

Background

It is tricky to use this scholarly in China(mainland). So I use a VPS in US (ubuntu18.04 py3.6) to make it work.
I try to put the name of my teacher of the institute in the query, and collect the result to make it into a .json file.
Everything was fine when I succeed to read my first json. So I make a iteration to put all the teachers of the institute in the query and collect the result. But I find the following result is 0.(it likes [])
I wondered why and test it through terminal. I find that it will return like

Traceback() : File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration

Doubt

The other functions work properly. I try the example after this situation. I doubted that I test the 'search_pubs_query()' too many times to find how to extract the data with the generator. Google banned the ip of my vps because I required too many results.
( I set a limit in my code that it will just get 100 results at most. The number of the teachers in my institute is 75. I find a empty result at the second teacher)
I will test the function again tomorrow, maybe Google set a limit for one day?

Hi! Thanks for your great work!

It seems that Goo block me after collecting 100 papers (2 keywords * 50 papers).
Any advises for handling this? Should I add more request headers? Thanks!

for example:

Cannot show citeBy with the tutorial example:

search_query = scholarly.search_pubs_query('Perception of physical stability and center of mass of 3D objects')
print(next(search_query))

output:
{'_filled': False,
'bib': {'abstract': 'Humans can judge from vision alone whether an object is '
'physically stable or not. Such judgments allow observers '
'to predict the physical behavior of objects, and hence '
'to guide their motor actions. We investigated the visual '
'estimation of physical stability of 3-D objects (shown '
'in stereoscopically viewed rendered scenes) and how it '
'relates to visual estimates of their center of mass '
'(COM). In Experiment 1, observers viewed an object near '
'the edge of a table and adjusted its tilt to the '
'perceived critical angle, ie, the tilt angle at which '
'the object …',
'author': 'SA Cholewiak and RW Fleming and M Singh',
'eprint': 'https://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleID=2213254',
'title': 'Perception of physical stability and center of mass of 3-D '
'objects',
'url': 'https://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleID=2213254'},
'source': 'scholar'}

Hi there,
I've been trying to follow the search_author example as shown.

results = scholarly.search_author('Steven A Cholewiak')
author = next(results).fill()

it keeps throwing:
TypeError: 'unicode' object is not callable

any help would be really appreciated
Thanks

hello,
I have a script to search a list of keywords using scholarly.
But it will not return anything after about 50 searches.
Any solution?

import scholarly
import json
import numpy as np
import time


with open("list2.txt") as fp:
	line = fp.readline()
	cnt = 1
	delays = [7, 4, 6, 2, 10, 19]
	while line:
		delay = np.random.choice(delays)
		print("delay is {}".format(delay))
		time.sleep(delay)
		search_query = scholarly.search_pubs_query(line)
		search_query = list(search_query)
		res = {}
		res['articles'] = []
		for s in search_query:
			article = s.__str__()
			# print(article)
			# print("+++++++++++++++++")
			res['articles'].append(article)
		print(len(search_query))
		if len(search_query) > 0:
			filepath = line.strip() + ".json"
			with open(filepath, 'w') as f:
				jsonfile = json.dumps(res)
				json.dump(jsonfile, f)
				f.close()
		cnt += 1
		line = fp.readline()

Thank you for the nice module.

I would like to get a list of co-authors of an author as follows.

author = next(scholarly.search_author('Steven A. Cholewiak')).fill();
for ca in author.coauthors:
  print ca;

However, the profile object does not have the list but only the one of publications.
How can I get the list of co-authors?

Edited: Sorry if this is a naive question.

The module runs amazingly well. It would be of great help if I could store the results from query into a variable.

print(next(search_query)

Seeing around, I realized that the result regards a "not JSON serializable" object.

Any help for that?

Dear all,

The module doesn't support connection over a proxy server. It would be very useful if the module includes support for proxy-based internet connection.

I initially installed the PyPI distribution, then realized that use_proxy() wasn't included in the PyPI distribution but only in the GitHub repo. So I uninstalled the PyPI distribution with

pip uninstall scholarly

and reinstalled from GitHub with

pip install git+https://github.com/OrganicIrradiation/scholarly.git

I've looked at the scholarly.py file in my library now and confirmed that it includes the use_proxy() function.

However, when I try to call scholarly.use_proxy(), I get the following error:

AttributeError: module 'scholarly' has no attribute 'use_proxy'

I'm not sure what could be causing this. Any suggestions?

i just update to v0.2.5, but after using scholarly.search_pubs_query
I cannot use next(scholarly.search_pubs_query(title)) to get the information

Hello,
Thanks for this awesome piece of work! I am wondering if there is any suggestion for how to retrieve the entire abstract? RIght now I see a lot of broken sentences. Assume that I have proper certificate to retrieve the document following the url. Thanks!

Is there a way to search for more than one keyword at the same time?

This strange kind of problem is happening while I am searching for authors.
I am using
search = next(scholarly.search_author())
to get author's info.? But for some authors, it is returning search but for others this
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/rajeev/Desktop/work/Desktop/Rajeev/codestogeneratefeatures/write_auth_affl_file.py", line 42, in <module> print hindex('Zbigniew S Szewczak') File "/home/rajeev/Desktop/work/Desktop/Rajeev/codestogeneratefeatures/affl.py", line 29, in hindex search = next(scholarly.search_author(nameaffiliation)) File "/home/rajeev/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scholarly.py", line 296, in search_author soup = _get_soup(_HOST+url) File "/home/rajeev/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scholarly.py", line 92, in _get_soup html = _get_page(pagerequest) File "/home/rajeev/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scholarly.py", line 79, in _get_page raise Exception('Error: {0} {1}'.format(resp.status_code, resp.reason)) Exception: Error: 503 Service Unavailable
error is coming.

How can we retrieve the "Related articles" list of any given paper using scholarly?

Is it possible to get related article list (provided by scholar google) for any article? I want to retrieve related articles and their order in which they are displayed.

These tests look for equality in the length of a google scholar query, and currently fail because the length of the query is now different.

• test_empty_keyword
• test_multiple_publications
• test_multiple_authors

Perhaps these tests should be framed as greater than, rather than strictly equal. For example:

 self.assertEqual(len(authors), 54)

could be

 self.assertTrue(len(authors) >= 10)

But maybe someone else has a better idea on how to do this.

I am trying to run search author by url and get author profile details using fill but next method ins't working.

When run search_author_custom_url it returns a generator object but
author = search_author_custom_url('some author url here')
next(search_author_custom_url)
throws an error what could be the possible cause

Here's the code I am trying to run

author = scholarly.search_author_custom_url('/citations?user=Uyz-xYwAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra')
author1 = next(author)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
StopIteration

When I do

print(next(scholarly.search_pubs_query('Perception of physical stability and center of mass of 3D objects')))

in an iPython kernel, I get a StopIteration error.

Hi,
("'NoneType' object has no attribute 'find'",) generated when trying to get cited_by information.
function _search_scholar_soup(soup) ,
line : yield Publication(row, 'scholarly')
I think google scholar format changed or something, I have tried tracking issue upto the line
databox = __data.find('div', class_='gs_ri') in Publication class. However, I am not that familiar with beautiful soup, please help.
Many thanks

Hello,

The following commands are successful in Jupyter:

!pip install scholarly
import scholarly
print(next(scholarly.search_author('Mircea Trifan')))

However, the article query by title fails as below:

pub = next(scholarly.search_pubs_query('Perception of physical stability and center of mass of 3D objects'),None)
print(pub)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exception                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-13-1bb21bdece30> in <module>()
----> 1 pub = next(scholarly.search_pubs_query('Perception of physical stability and center of mass of 3D objects'),None)
      2 print(pub)

/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scholarly.py in search_pubs_query(query)
    278     """Search by scholar query and return a generator of Publication objects"""
    279     url = _PUBSEARCH.format(requests.utils.quote(query))
--> 280     soup = _get_soup(_HOST+url)
    281     return _search_scholar_soup(soup)
    282 

/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scholarly.py in _get_soup(pagerequest)
     89 def _get_soup(pagerequest):
     90     """Return the BeautifulSoup for a page on scholar.google.com"""
---> 91     html = _get_page(pagerequest)
     92     return BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
     93 

/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scholarly.py in _get_page(pagerequest)
     76     if resp.status_code == 503:
     77         # Inelegant way of dealing with the G captcha
---> 78         raise Exception('Error: {0} {1}'.format(resp.status_code, resp.reason))
     79         # TODO: Need to fix captcha handling
     80         # dest_url = requests.utils.quote(_SCHOLARHOST+pagerequest)

Exception: Error: 503 Service Unavailable

It appears that _get_soup with https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?q=... does not work anymore:

soup = scholarly._get_soup( 'https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?q=A%20Graph%20Digital%20Signal%20Processing%20Method%20for%20Semantic%20Analysis')
#soup = scholarly._get_soup( 'https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?q=A+Graph+Digital+Signal+Processing+Method+for+Semantic+Analysis')

The author query is OK:

soup = scholarly._get_soup( 'https://scholar.google.ca/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=Mircea+Trifan')
print( soup )

Thanks,
Mircea

Hi,

Thanks for the nice tool! :)

I was wondering whether it's possible to retrieve all the papers cited (bibliography) in one paper.

Cheers,
Mathieu

Given a pub med ID or paper title, can you use scholarly to find the year of publication of all works that cited the given publication? thanks!

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "~project/test.py", line 4, in
print(next(search_query))
File "~project\venv\lib\site-packages\scholarly.py", line 99, in _search_citation_soup
yield Author(tablerow)
File "~project\venv\lib\site-packages\scholarly.py", line 209, in init
self.name = _data.find('h3', class='gsc_1usr_name').text
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'text'

Got this error when I try to search author, but search publication still work. Please fix this issue, thankyou

In the documentation it would be good to have examples on how to run the crawling process through proxies (e.g., using https://pypi.org/project/free-proxy/) or through the use of Tor (see the issues that come up at #41)

arrow parser fails when publication date is e.g. 2013/7. need to explicitly add YYYY/M:

line 201 of scholarly.py should be:

self.bib['year'] = arrow.get(val.text, ['YYYY/M','YYYY/MM/DD', 'YYYY', 'YYYY/M/DD', 'YYYY/M/D', 'YYYY/MM/D']).year

First of all, thank you for your amazing work! I am interested in running scholarly through a proxy but when I install it I always obtain the same error: module 'scholarly' has no attribute 'use_proxy'. I have tried everything: installing through pip, cloning the repository, etc. I would appreciate any help.

A comment in an old pull request had the good idea to make the publication list associated with an author object into a generator instead: #18 (comment) .

This also falls in line with what has been done in #59 which makes the search object a pickle-able iterator. These two ideas should be merged.

Hello,

I am trying to use scholarly, but I got 403 error

The code I run is below 2 lines:
search_query = scholarly.search_author('Marty Banks, Berkeley')
print(next(search_query))

The error I got is:

----> 1 search_query = scholarly.search_author('Marty Banks, Berkeley')
2 print(next(search_query))

~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scholarly/scholarly.py in search_author(name)
309 """Search by author name and return a generator of Author objects"""
310 url = _AUTHSEARCH.format(requests.utils.quote(name))
--> 311 soup = _get_soup(_HOST+url)
312 return _search_citation_soup(soup)
313

~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scholarly/scholarly.py in _get_soup(pagerequest)
87 def _get_soup(pagerequest):
88 """Return the BeautifulSoup for a page on scholar.google.com"""
---> 89 html = _get_page(pagerequest)
90 html = html.replace(u'\xa0', u' ')
91 return BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')

~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scholarly/scholarly.py in _get_page(pagerequest)
82 # return _get_page(re.findall(r'https://(?:.?)(/.)', resp)[0])
83 else:
---> 84 raise Exception('Error: {0} {1}'.format(resp.status_code, resp.reason))
85
86

Exception: Error: 403 Forbidden

I've been searching online on this for hours. Could someone kindly point me to the right direction?

Thank you a lot in advance!

Koala

Sorry this may not be the best place to post this but it takes a good 10-15 seconds to retrieve results when calling search_pubs_query(). Is there any way to speed this up? (e.g. specify to only retrieve the first n results or something to that effect)

edit: it seems to also take a very long time to simply go next(generator_object_of_pubs).fill()

It has been a perennial problem for scholarly that the data used for tests is constantly changing, meaning tests fail not because there is an error in the code, but because the static test numbers are out of date with what Google Scholar returns. The current solution is #82 (which copies from #60).

Longer term, it would be nice to have a static set of pages that return constant data for each test, as mentioned in #77 (comment) .

Of course, this has its own downside in that the static page will also become out of date with Google Scholar. A hybrid approach will likely be best. Thoughts welcome.

Guys, I've trying to return the results of the query to a CSV file.

I can do that for authors' names and profiles but not for bibliographic information. Does anyone have an idea to deal with that?

Thanks!

I have been running my script periodically, it throws the following error today, looks like the page returned from Google Scholar might have a different format now? Thanks!

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./crawl.py", line 27, in
for x in rslt:
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scholarly.py", line 100, in search_scholar_soup
yield Publication(row, 'scholar')
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scholarly.py", line 138, in init
title = databox.find('h3', class='gs_rt')
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'find'

The method pub.get_citedby() returns an empty set even for publications with more than zero citations. I suspect that the attribute id_scholarcitedby is not set by fill() as expected.

I tried using scholarly, it is greatly helping to extract the publications information from google scholar. However, I am facing a problem while showing year of publication. It is showing 1970 as the year of publication to many papers. Consider the publication title "Trust and reputation aware geographic routing method for wireless ad hoc networks", it was published in 2018, but the scholarly showing it as 1970. Kindly resolve this issue. I have used the following code to get the publication year

author = scholarly.Author('scholar_id').fill()
for pub in author.publications:
pub_data = pub.fill()
if 'year' in pub_data:
print(pub_data.bib['title'])
print(pub_data.bib['year'])

I was about to make a pull request from my fork https://github.com/bielsnohr/scholarly, but then I checked the pending pull requests on this repository and realised that there is a large backlog. A good number are close to being 1 year old, and there hasn't been any activity from the owner for nearly the same amount of time.

The number of pull requests with useful features suggests that there is quite an active community that could support and improve this package a great deal, but it seems to me everything is being held back by an absent maintainer. Not an accusation or criticism, just the reality of the situation. Life happens.

I'm wondering what the best way to rectify this would be. Create a new fork hosted by one of the more active contributors and then transfer PyPI to point at that one? Or is it possible to get more contributors with write access on this repository?

Hi,
I am trying to integrate it in angular project. I would like to know whether their is any angular or php integration? I could't find anything yet. Thanks in advance

It would be a great addition to also query the number of citations from the web of science core collection, which I am sure a lot of people would appreciate as it shows the number of citations in the peer-reviewed literature only.

The number of web of science citations are automatically a part of the google scholar search result if one is using an institutional Wifi connection (so no need for passwords) and if it is included in the core collection.

I am asking for this tool, as I am unable the use the web of science API, as I, and I think most people, have only institutional access to the web of science. Unfortunately, I am too much of a novice to web data mining to add this feature myself. So, I would be very grateful!

I wanted to retrieve citations of an article. But bib dictionary has no "citedby" key:

import scholarly
search_query = scholarly.search_pubs_query("Perception of physical stability and center of mass of 3D objects")
p = next(search_query)
print(p)

it shows this:

{'_filled': False,
'bib': {'abstract': 'Humans can judge from vision alone whether an object is '
'physically stable or not. Such judgments allow observers '
'to predict the physical behavior of objects, and hence '
'to guide their motor actions. We investigated the visual '
'estimation of physical stability of 3-D objects (shown '
'in stereoscopically viewed rendered scenes) and how it '
'relates to visual estimates of their center of mass '
'(COM). In Experiment 1, observers viewed an object near '
'the edge of a table and adjusted its tilt to the '
'perceived critical angle, ie, the tilt angle at which '
'the object …',
'author': 'SA Cholewiak and RW Fleming and M Singh',
'eprint': 'https://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleID=2213254',
'title': 'Perception of physical stability and center of mass of 3-D '
'objects',
'url': 'https://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleID=2213254'},
'source': 'scholar'}

I found that _KEYWORDSEARCH should be as follows to solve the problem:
_KEYWORDSEARCH = '/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=label:{0}'
But in my version of scholarly.py it is already _KEYWORDSEARCH = '/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=label:{0}'.

Does anybody know how to get citations of an article using scholarly.py?

Is there any rate limit? Is it possible to hit a cptcha or other limitation?

Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 26 2019, 21:43:19) 
[GCC 8.2.1 20181127] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import scholarly
>>> print(next(scholarly.search_author('Steven A. Cholewiak')))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scholarly/scholarly.py", line 110, in _search_citation_soup
    yield Author(row)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scholarly/scholarly.py", line 226, in __init__
    self.name = __data.find('h3', class_='gsc_oai_name').text
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'text'

OS: Manjaro Linux x86_64

Looks like this command does not work any more:
py scholar.py -c 1 --author "albert einstein" --phrase "quantum theory" --citation bt

I have all the dependencies installed correctly, but I am getting an import error when I call "import scholarly". Please help if you can. Here is the error trace:

import arrow
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/arrow/init.py", line 3, in
from .arrow import Arrow
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/arrow/arrow.py", line 19, in
from arrow import util, locales, parser, formatter
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/arrow/parser.py", line 12, in
from backports.functools_lru_cache import lru_cache # pragma: no cover
ImportError: No module named functools_lru_cache

Hi,

I am constantly getting the following error:

requests.exceptions.SSLError: ("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'tls_process_server_certificate', 'certificate verify failed')],)",)

All requisite packages are installed - is it Google's policy on Scholar?

Thank you in advance!

The error happens when trying to fill author information:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test_scholarly.py", line 4, in <module>
author = next(scholarly.search_author('Einstein')).fill()
File "scholarly.py", line 111, in _search_citation_soup
yield Author(row)
File "scholarly.py", line 227, in __init__
self.name = __data.find('h3', class_='gsc_1usr_name').text
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'text'

I'm not familiar enough with beautifulsoup to track the problem, but my best guess is a change of the Google Scholar html format.

I have paper "Systematic Design of Trust Management Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review" which was published in 2014. Now, I want to see the year wise citation of this publication (i.e., number of citations in 2014, 2015,2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019). Is it possible with this package?

When trying to use pub.citedby on a publication that has not yet been cited, scholarly throws an AttributeError.

I believe that initializing "citedby" per default with 0 during init would be beneficial.

-->

    self.bib = dict()
    self.source = pubtype
    """Init citedby with 0 to avoid AttributeError"""
    self.citedby = int(0)

arrow.parser.ParserError: Could not match input '2011/5' to any of the following formats: YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-M-DD, YYYY-M-D, YYYY/MM/DD, YYYY/M/DD, YYYY/M/D, YYYY.MM.DD, YYYY.M.DD, YYYY.M.D, YYYYMMDD, YYYY-DDDD, YYYYDDDD, YYYY-MM, YYYY/MM, YYYY.MM, YYYY

Hi,
I am always receiving AttributeError: 'Publication' object has no attribute 'url_scholarbib' when trying to do pub.fill()

I believe that the error lies in https://github.com/OrganicIrradiation/scholarly/blob/867f740f61d05c10925e502b56d4bcdf1b1849cb/scholarly/scholarly.py#L168

Scholar changed their simple link to a modal created via js. (class gs_or_cit gs_nph)
I don't really know how would you like to implement this kind of click, but would be glad to help.

I noticed that pub.fill() couldn't retrieve all the fields. I realized it was fetching a localized version of the page, which was in German. Could fix the problem adding a hl=en option to all the search strings (lines 25-31 in scholarly.py) that didn't have it.