A Mutex is an operating system construct which allows processes to coordinate Mutally Exclusive access to resources. If it were a conversation between the OS and some processes it might sound a bit like this:

• Notepad: "I'd like exclusive access to write to file C:\Temp\abc.txt"
• OS: "It's all yours Notepad."
• VSCode: "I'd like exclusive access to write to file C:\Temp\abc.txt"
• OS: "Sit tight VSCode. It's being used by someone else."
• VSCode: "Okay - let me know when it's ready."
• OS: "Will do."
• Notepad: "I'm done with file C:\Temp\abc.txt"
• OS: "VSCode? File C:\Temp\abc.txt is all yours."
• VSCode: "Thanks!"

More than likely you don't. But, if your script does some Asynchronous-Fu (think Jobs or ThreadJobs) and those worker-jobs share a log file you're gonna need a mutex. Otherwise those jobs will be stepping on each other - log entries will be missed...exceptions will be thrown...crying and nashing of teeth sort-of-thing.

Because PowerShell is sitting right on top of .NET we can leverage the System.Threading.Mutex class. With that we can create a Mutex object in PowerShell:

$mutex = New-Object System.Threading.Mutex($false, $Name, [ref] $createdMutex)

and use the methods it provides to wait (WaitOne) for exclusive access to a resource and release (ReleaseMutex) ownership of that resource when we're done.

Each PowerShell console will run script Start-GreenMeansGoMutexDemo.ps1. For several passes (all for demo purposes) the script will request ownership of a named Mutex and if it gets ownership it will change the console color to Green, log a message (to a shared log file) and hang on to the ownership (by sleeping) for a (progressively shorter) period of time. If the script does not get ownership of the Mutex (because it is owned by another) it will change the console color to Red and wait until ownership is granted.

Separate PowerShell consoles (processes) are using a Mutex to coordinate activity:

Notice that in addition to the console color renderings that these same separate processes are writing to a common log file in a coordinated (via Mutex) fashion.

A Mutex is a locking mechanism that allows processes and threads to coordinate access to resources. You might need it one day - especially if you have scripts that do multi-process (Jobs) or mult-threaded (ThreadJobs) work and require access to the same resource - like a log file. Enjoy!