VGA software renderer written in C and x86 assembly. Mode 13h (320x200) or mode X (320x240), 256 colors.

The purpose of this project is to explore early game engine development and x86 assembly graphics programming.

Runs on real hardware (DOS, i486 or equivalent) or in DOSBox.

• "Fast" x86 assembly draw routines for line drawing and triangle fills.

  • Two video modes: mode 13h or mode X, define MODE13 or MODEX in RENDER.H to enable/disable.
  • Line drawing is implemented using Bresenham's algorithm (mode 13h line draw is faster).
  • Triangle filling is implemented in two ways: a non-clipped inaccurate fast fill (using fixed-point) and clipped accurate slow fill (using Bresenham's algorithm), define FASTFILL in RENDER.H to enable/disable.
  • Graphics routines for mode 13h and mode X assembled and linked separately (32-bit).

• 3D perspective projected triangle draw with z sorting, geometry clipping, face culling and wireframe rendering.

• Simple vector/matrix math and transforms.

• Page flipping in mode X (double buffering).

• Sprite drawing with texturing (via video memory in mode X) and alpha test, text rendering with custom fonts.

• Keyboard interrupt handler for smooth multi-key input.

• Mouse support via interrupt 33h.

Compiled using Turbo C++ 3 in DOS, Borland C++ 4 or Microsoft Visual C++ 1 in Windows or equivalent. Assembled using Turbo Assembler 5 or Microsoft Macro Assembler 6. File paths in projects may need to be adjusted depending on where the project is placed.

Building requires Turbo Assembler. The project can also be completely built using the given batch files.

Project file: REND13X.PRJ

Build Mode 13: BUILD13.BAT

Build Mode X: BUILDX.BAT

Building requires Turbo Assembler. Include either R13.ASM or RX.ASM in the project (not both).

Project file: REND13X.IDE

Building requires Microsoft Macro Assembler. Visual C++ won't assemble the .ASM files for you, so they need to be assembled separately before building the project. Include the object files IN.OBJ and either R13.OBJ or RX.OBJ.

Project file: REND13X.MAK

Assemble Mode 13: MASM13.BAT

Assemble Mode X: MASMX.BAT

• Improve mode X fills for better plane handling.

• Clip geometry partially behind the camera.

• Set custom color palette.

• Wish list:

  • Geometry loading
  • Bespoke wall/floor/ceiling/sky draw routines
  • Sound
  • Triangle texture mapping
  • Z-buffer