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Prolog implements data structures by representing them as a functor with fixed number of arguments: functor(arg1, arg2, ...). We should support this but I propose that for simpler and more convenient integration with other languages, for example Python, we would support structure as a Python like object. For example, objects represented as functor:

object(candle, red, small).
object(apple, red, small).
object(apple, green, small).

could be represented as Python class that would be then registered with Prolog library:

class Object:
    def __init__(self, name, color, size):
        self.name = name
        self.color = color
        self.size = size

You would call Prolog library with register(Object) to indicate that the instance of Object class will be used as a data structure. To use this in Prolog you would type something like this:

room(kitchen, object: Object).

in_room(X, Name) :- room(X, object.name = Name)

Use chapter 8 of Adventures in Prolog by Dennis Merritt to guide what functionality should be available.

Implement support for adding and removing rules dynamically during the program execution.

Use chapter 7 of Adventures in Prolog by Dennis Merritt to guide what functionality should be available.

This implements arithmetic support in Prolog.

Use chapter 6 of Adventures in Prolog by Dennis Merritt to guide what functionality should be available.

Use chapter 13 of Adventures in Prolog by Dennis Merritt to guide what functionality should be available.

Provide support for Prolog lists.

Use chapter 11 of Adventures in Prolog by Dennis Merritt to guide what functionality should be available.