RDFLib is a pure Python package for working with RDF. RDFLib contains most things you need to work with RDF, including:
- parsers and serializers for RDF/XML, N3, NTriples, N-Quads, Turtle, TriX, Trig and JSON-LD
- a Graph interface which can be backed by any one of a number of Store implementations
- store implementations for in-memory, persistent on disk (Berkeley DB) and remote SPARQL endpoints
- a SPARQL 1.1 implementation - supporting SPARQL 1.1 Queries and Update statements
- SPARQL function extension mechanisms
The RDFlib community maintains many RDF-related Python code repositories with different purposes. For example:
- rdflib - the RDFLib core
- sparqlwrapper - a simple Python wrapper around a SPARQL service to remotely execute your queries
- pyLODE - An OWL ontology documentation tool using Python and templating, based on LODE.
- pyrdfa3 - RDFa 1.1 distiller/parser library: can extract RDFa 1.1/1.0 from (X)HTML, SVG, or XML in general.
- pymicrodata - A module to extract RDF from an HTML5 page annotated with microdata.
- pySHACL - A pure Python module which allows for the validation of RDF graphs against SHACL graphs.
- OWL-RL - A simple implementation of the OWL2 RL Profile which expands the graph with all possible triples that OWL RL defines.
Please see the list for all packages/repositories here:
Help with maintenance of all of the RDFLib family of packages is always welcome and appreciated.
7.1.0a0currentmainbranch.7.x.ycurrent release, supports Python 3.8.1+ only.- see Releases
6.x.ysupports Python 3.7+ only. Many improvements over 5.0.0- see Releases
5.x.ysupports Python 2.7 and 3.4+ and is mostly backwards compatible with 4.2.2.
See https://rdflib.dev for the release overview.
See https://rdflib.readthedocs.io for our documentation built from the code. Note that there are latest, stable 5.0.0 and 4.2.2 documentation versions, matching releases.
The stable release of RDFLib may be installed with Python's package management tool pip:
$ pip install rdflib
Some features of RDFLib require optional dependencies which may be installed using pip extras:
$ pip install rdflib[berkeleydb,networkx,html,lxml]
Alternatively manually download the package from the Python Package Index (PyPI) at https://pypi.python.org/pypi/rdflib
The current version of RDFLib is 7.0.0, see the CHANGELOG.md file for what's new in this release.
With pip you can also install rdflib from the git repository with one of the following options:
$ pip install git+https://github.com/rdflib/rdflib@main
or
$ pip install -e git+https://github.com/rdflib/rdflib@main#egg=rdflib
or from your locally cloned repository you can install it with one of the following options:
$ poetry install # installs into a poetry-managed venv
or
$ pip install -e .
RDFLib aims to be a pythonic RDF API. RDFLib's main data object is a Graph which is a Python collection
of RDF Subject, Predicate, Object Triples:
To create graph and load it with RDF data from DBPedia then print the results:
from rdflib import Graph
g = Graph()
g.parse('http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web')
for s, p, o in g:
print(s, p, o)The components of the triples are URIs (resources) or Literals (values).
URIs are grouped together by namespace, common namespaces are included in RDFLib:
from rdflib.namespace import DC, DCTERMS, DOAP, FOAF, SKOS, OWL, RDF, RDFS, VOID, XMLNS, XSDYou can use them like this:
from rdflib import Graph, URIRef, Literal
from rdflib.namespace import RDFS, XSD
g = Graph()
semweb = URIRef('http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web')
type = g.value(semweb, RDFS.label)Where RDFS is the RDFS namespace, XSD the XML Schema Datatypes namespace and g.value returns an object of the triple-pattern given (or an arbitrary one if multiple exist).
Or like this, adding a triple to a graph g:
g.add((
URIRef("http://example.com/person/nick"),
FOAF.givenName,
Literal("Nick", datatype=XSD.string)
))The triple (in n-triples notation) <http://example.com/person/nick> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Nick"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
is created where the property FOAF.givenName is the URI <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> and XSD.string is the
URI <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>.
You can bind namespaces to prefixes to shorten the URIs for RDF/XML, Turtle, N3, TriG, TriX & JSON-LD serializations:
g.bind("foaf", FOAF)
g.bind("xsd", XSD)This will allow the n-triples triple above to be serialised like this:
print(g.serialize(format="turtle"))With these results:
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
<http://example.com/person/nick> foaf:givenName "Nick"^^xsd:string .New Namespaces can also be defined:
dbpedia = Namespace('http://dbpedia.org/ontology/')
abstracts = list(x for x in g.objects(semweb, dbpedia['abstract']) if x.language=='en')See also ./examples
The library contains parsers and serializers for RDF/XML, N3, NTriples, N-Quads, Turtle, TriX, JSON-LD, RDFa and Microdata.
The library presents a Graph interface which can be backed by any one of a number of Store implementations.
This core RDFLib package includes store implementations for in-memory storage and persistent storage on top of the Berkeley DB.
A SPARQL 1.1 implementation is included - supporting SPARQL 1.1 Queries and Update statements.
RDFLib is open source and is maintained on GitHub. RDFLib releases, current and previous are listed on PyPI
Multiple other projects are contained within the RDFlib "family", see https://github.com/RDFLib/.
Run the test suite with pytest.
poetry install
poetry run pytestRun the test suite and generate a HTML coverage report with pytest and pytest-cov.
poetry run pytest --covOnce tests have produced HTML output of the coverage report, view it by running:
poetry run pytest --cov --cov-report term --cov-report html
python -m http.server --directory=htmlcovRDFLib survives and grows via user contributions! Please read our contributing guide and developers guide to get started. Please consider lodging Pull Requests here:
To get a development environment consider using Gitpod or Google Cloud Shell.
You can also raise issues here:
For general "how do I..." queries, please use https://stackoverflow.com and tag your question with rdflib.
Existing questions:
If you want to contact the rdflib maintainers, please do so via:
- the rdflib-dev mailing list: https://groups.google.com/group/rdflib-dev
- the chat, which is available at gitter or via matrix #RDFLib_rdflib:gitter.im
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