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open5gs_5gc_ueransim_sample_config's Introduction

Open5GS 5GC & UERANSIM UE / RAN Sample Configuration

UERANSIM (5G UE & RAN (gNodeB) implementation) supports IPv4 of PDU Session Type from 2020.11.17 version, and the Data Plane facility has been enabled. Therefore, in order to use U-Plane's DN (Data Network) as a trial, I built a simulation environment for the 5GC mobile network. This briefly describes the overall and configuration files.

List of Sample Configurations

  1. One SGW-C/PGW-C, one SGW-U/PGW-U and one APN
  2. One SGW-C/PGW-C, Multiple SGW-Us/PGW-Us and APNs
  3. One SMF, Multiple UPFs and DNNs (this article)
  4. Select nearby UPF(PGW-U) according to the connected eNodeB
  5. Select nearby UPF according to the connected gNodeB
  6. Select UPF based on S-NSSAI
  7. SCP Indirect communication Model C
  8. VoLTE and SMS Configuration for docker_open5gs
  9. Monitoring Metrics with Prometheus
  10. Framed Routing

Miscellaneous Notes

Table of Contents

Overview of Open5GS 5GC Simulation Mobile Network

I created a 5GC mobile network (Internet reachable) for simulation with the aim of creating an environment in which packets can be sent end-to-end with different DNs for each DNN.

The following minimum configuration was set as a condition.

  • C-Plane have multiple U-Planes.
  • U-Plane have multiple DNs.
  • Multiple UEs connect to same DN.

The built simulation environment is as follows.

The 5GC / UE / RAN used are as follows.

Each VMs are as follows.

VM # SW & Role IP address OS Memory (Min) HDD (Min)
VM1 Open5GS 5GC C-Plane 192.168.0.111/24 Ubuntu 20.04 1GB 20GB
VM2 Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1 192.168.0.112/24 Ubuntu 20.04 1GB 20GB
VM3 Open5GS 5GC U-Plane2 192.168.0.113/24 Ubuntu 20.04 1GB 20GB
VM4 UERANSIM RAN (gNodeB) 192.168.0.131/24 Ubuntu 20.04 1GB 10GB
VM5 UERANSIM UE 192.168.0.132/24 Ubuntu 20.04 1GB 10GB

Subscriber Information (other information is the same) is as follows.
Note. Please select OP or OPc according to the setting of UERANSIM UE configuration files.

UE # IMSI DNN OP/OPc
UE0 001010000000000 internet OPc
UE1 001010000000001 internet2 OPc
UE2 001010000000002 internet2 OPc
UE3 001010000000003 ims OPc
UE4 001010000000004 ims OPc

I registered these information with the Open5GS WebUI. In addition, 3GPP TS 35.208 "4.3 Test Sets" is published by 3GPP as test data for the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions (MILENAGE).

Each DNs are as follows.

DN TUNnel interface of DN DNN TUNnel interface of UE U-Plane #
10.45.0.0/16 ogstun internet uesimtun0 U-Plane1
10.46.0.0/16 ogstun2 internet2 uesimtun1, uesimtun2 U-Plane1
10.47.0.0/16 ogstun3 ims uesimtun3, uesimtun4 U-Plane2

Additional information.

Open5GS 5GC U-Plane worked fine on Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. I used Ubuntu 20.04 (64bit) for Raspberry Pi 4 as the OS. I think it would be convenient to place a compact U-Plane in the edge environment and use it as an end-point for DN.

In addition, I have not confirmed the communication performance.

Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC and UERANSIM UE / RAN

Please refer to the following for building Open5GS and UERANSIM respectively.

Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC C-Plane

The following parameters including DNN can be used in the logic that selects UPF as the connection destination by PFCP.

  • DNN
  • TAC (Tracking Area Code)
  • nr_CellID

For the sake of simplicity, I used only DNN this time. Please refer to here for the logic to select UPF.

  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/amf.yaml
--- amf.yaml.orig       2023-01-12 20:33:18.555295469 +0900
+++ amf.yaml    2023-01-12 21:17:46.362251130 +0900
@@ -342,26 +342,26 @@
       - addr: 127.0.0.5
         port: 7777
     ngap:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.5
+      - addr: 192.168.0.111
     metrics:
       - addr: 127.0.0.5
         port: 9090
     guami:
       - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
         amf_id:
           region: 2
           set: 1
     tai:
       - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
         tac: 1
     plmn_support:
       - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
         s_nssai:
           - sst: 1
     security:
  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/smf.yaml
--- smf.yaml.orig       2023-01-12 20:33:18.526295426 +0900
+++ smf.yaml    2023-01-12 21:18:52.828987871 +0900
@@ -508,20 +508,21 @@
       - addr: 127.0.0.4
         port: 7777
     pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      - addr: 192.168.0.111
     gtpc:
       - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
     gtpu:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      - addr: 192.168.0.111
     metrics:
       - addr: 127.0.0.4
         port: 9090
     subnet:
       - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
-      - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+        dnn: internet
+      - addr: 10.46.0.1/16
+        dnn: internet2
+      - addr: 10.47.0.1/16
+        dnn: ims
     dns:
       - 8.8.8.8
       - 8.8.4.4
@@ -695,7 +696,10 @@
 #
 upf:
     pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.0.112
+        dnn: [internet, internet2]
+      - addr: 192.168.0.113
+        dnn: ims
 
 #
 # parameter:

Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1

  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
--- upf.yaml.orig       2023-01-12 20:44:33.674609278 +0900
+++ upf.yaml    2023-01-12 21:20:23.618010086 +0900
@@ -173,12 +173,16 @@
 #
 upf:
     pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.0.112
     gtpu:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.0.112
     subnet:
       - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
-      - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+        dnn: internet
+        dev: ogstun
+      - addr: 10.46.0.1/16
+        dnn: internet2
+        dev: ogstun2
     metrics:
       - addr: 127.0.0.7
         port: 9090

Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC U-Plane2

  • open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
--- upf.yaml.orig       2023-01-12 20:53:25.948221315 +0900
+++ upf.yaml    2023-01-12 21:21:42.819471055 +0900
@@ -173,12 +173,13 @@
 #
 upf:
     pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.0.113
     gtpu:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.0.113
     subnet:
-      - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
-      - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+      - addr: 10.47.0.1/16
+        dnn: ims
+        dev: ogstun3
     metrics:
       - addr: 127.0.0.7
         port: 9090

Changes in configuration files of UERANSIM UE / RAN

Changes in configuration files of RAN

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-gnb.yaml
--- open5gs-gnb.yaml.orig       2022-07-03 13:06:43.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-gnb.yaml    2023-01-12 21:26:20.653023311 +0900
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-mcc: '999'          # Mobile Country Code value
-mnc: '70'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)
+mcc: '001'          # Mobile Country Code value
+mnc: '01'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)
 
 nci: '0x000000010'  # NR Cell Identity (36-bit)
 idLength: 32        # NR gNB ID length in bits [22...32]
 tac: 1              # Tracking Area Code
 
-linkIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
-ngapIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
-gtpIp: 127.0.0.1    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
+linkIp: 192.168.0.131   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
+ngapIp: 192.168.0.131   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
+gtpIp: 192.168.0.131    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
 
 # List of AMF address information
 amfConfigs:
-  - address: 127.0.0.5
+  - address: 192.168.0.111
     port: 38412
 
 # List of supported S-NSSAIs by this gNB

Changes in configuration files of UE0 (IMSI-001010000000000)

First, copy open5gs-ue0.yaml from open5gs-ue.yaml.

# cd UERANSIM/config
# cp open5gs-ue.yaml open5gs-ue0.yaml

Next, edit open5gs-ue0.yaml.

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-ue0.yaml
--- open5gs-ue.yaml.orig        2022-07-03 13:06:43.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-ue0.yaml    2023-01-12 21:28:09.068725736 +0900
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000000'
 # Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
 # Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'
 
 # Permanent subscription key
 key: '465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC'
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 # List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
 gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 192.168.0.131
 
 # UAC Access Identities Configuration
 uacAic:

Changes in configuration files of UE1 (IMSI-001010000000001)

First, copy open5gs-ue1.yaml from open5gs-ue.yaml.

# cd UERANSIM/config
# cp open5gs-ue.yaml open5gs-ue1.yaml

Next, edit open5gs-ue1.yaml.

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-ue1.yaml
--- open5gs-ue.yaml.orig        2022-07-03 13:06:43.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-ue1.yaml    2023-01-12 21:28:23.825908576 +0900
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000001'
 # Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
 # Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'
 
 # Permanent subscription key
 key: '465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC'
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 # List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
 gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 192.168.0.131
 
 # UAC Access Identities Configuration
 uacAic:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 # Initial PDU sessions to be established
 sessions:
   - type: 'IPv4'
-    apn: 'internet'
+    apn: 'internet2'
     slice:
       sst: 1

Changes in configuration files of UE2 (IMSI-001010000000002)

First, copy open5gs-ue2.yaml from open5gs-ue.yaml.

# cd UERANSIM/config
# cp open5gs-ue.yaml open5gs-ue2.yaml

Next, edit open5gs-ue2.yaml.

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-ue2.yaml
--- open5gs-ue.yaml.orig        2022-07-03 13:06:43.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-ue2.yaml    2023-01-12 21:28:42.741142678 +0900
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000002'
 # Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
 # Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'
 
 # Permanent subscription key
 key: '465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC'
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 # List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
 gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 192.168.0.131
 
 # UAC Access Identities Configuration
 uacAic:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 # Initial PDU sessions to be established
 sessions:
   - type: 'IPv4'
-    apn: 'internet'
+    apn: 'internet2'
     slice:
       sst: 1

Changes in configuration files of UE3 (IMSI-001010000000003)

First, copy open5gs-ue3.yaml from open5gs-ue.yaml.

# cd UERANSIM/config
# cp open5gs-ue.yaml open5gs-ue3.yaml

Next, edit open5gs-ue3.yaml.

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-ue3.yaml
--- open5gs-ue.yaml.orig        2022-07-03 13:06:43.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-ue3.yaml    2023-01-12 21:28:54.692290443 +0900
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000003'
 # Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
 # Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'
 
 # Permanent subscription key
 key: '465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC'
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 # List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
 gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 192.168.0.131
 
 # UAC Access Identities Configuration
 uacAic:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 # Initial PDU sessions to be established
 sessions:
   - type: 'IPv4'
-    apn: 'internet'
+    apn: 'ims'
     slice:
       sst: 1

Changes in configuration files of UE4 (IMSI-001010000000004)

First, copy open5gs-ue4.yaml from open5gs-ue.yaml.

# cd UERANSIM/config
# cp open5gs-ue.yaml open5gs-ue4.yaml

Next, edit open5gs-ue4.yaml.

  • UERANSIM/config/open5gs-ue4.yaml
--- open5gs-ue.yaml.orig        2022-07-03 13:06:43.000000000 +0900
+++ open5gs-ue4.yaml    2023-01-12 21:29:02.396385648 +0900
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000004'
 # Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
 # Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'
 
 # Permanent subscription key
 key: '465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC'
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 # List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
 gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 192.168.0.131
 
 # UAC Access Identities Configuration
 uacAic:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 # Initial PDU sessions to be established
 sessions:
   - type: 'IPv4'
-    apn: 'internet'
+    apn: 'ims'
     slice:
       sst: 1

Network settings of Open5GS 5GC and UERANSIM UE / RAN

Network settings of Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1

First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# sysctl -p

Next, configure the TUNnel interface and NAPT.

ip tuntap add name ogstun mode tun
ip addr add 10.45.0.1/16 dev ogstun
ip link set ogstun up

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.45.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun -j MASQUERADE

ip tuntap add name ogstun2 mode tun
ip addr add 10.46.0.1/16 dev ogstun2
ip link set ogstun2 up

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.46.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun2 -j MASQUERADE

Network settings of Open5GS 5GC U-Plane2

First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# sysctl -p

Next, configure the TUNnel interface and NAPT.

ip tuntap add name ogstun3 mode tun
ip addr add 10.47.0.1/16 dev ogstun3
ip link set ogstun3 up

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.47.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun3 -j MASQUERADE

Build Open5GS and UERANSIM

Please refer to the following for building Open5GS and UERANSIM respectively.

Install MongoDB on Open5GS 5GC C-Plane machine. It is not necessary to install MongoDB on Open5GS 5GC U-Plane machines. MongoDB Compass is a convenient tool to look at the MongoDB database.

Run Open5GS 5GC and UERANSIM UE / RAN

First run the 5GC, then UERANSIM (UE & RAN implementation).

Run Open5GS 5GC C-Plane

First, run Open5GS 5GC C-Plane.

  • Open5GS 5GC C-Plane
./install/bin/open5gs-nrfd &
sleep 2
./install/bin/open5gs-scpd &
sleep 2
./install/bin/open5gs-amfd &
sleep 2
./install/bin/open5gs-smfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-ausfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udmd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udrd &
./install/bin/open5gs-pcfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-nssfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-bsfd &

Run Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1 & U-Plane2

Next, run Open5GS 5GC U-Plane.

  • Open5GS 5GC U-Plane1
./install/bin/open5gs-upfd &
  • Open5GS 5GC U-Plane2
./install/bin/open5gs-upfd &

Run UERANSIM

Here, the case of UE0 (IMSI-001010000000000) & RAN is described. First, do an NG Setup between gNodeB and 5GC, then register the UE with 5GC and establish a PDU session.

Please refer to the following for usage of UERANSIM.

https://github.com/aligungr/UERANSIM/wiki/Usage

Start gNB

Start gNB as follows.

# ./nr-gnb -c ../config/open5gs-gnb.yaml
UERANSIM v3.2.6
[2023-01-12 21:59:45.940] [sctp] [info] Trying to establish SCTP connection... (192.168.0.111:38412)
[2023-01-12 21:59:45.942] [sctp] [info] SCTP connection established (192.168.0.111:38412)
[2023-01-12 21:59:45.942] [sctp] [debug] SCTP association setup ascId[7]
[2023-01-12 21:59:45.943] [ngap] [debug] Sending NG Setup Request
[2023-01-12 21:59:45.943] [ngap] [debug] NG Setup Response received
[2023-01-12 21:59:45.943] [ngap] [info] NG Setup procedure is successful

The Open5GS C-Plane log when executed is as follows.

01/12 21:59:45.936: [amf] INFO: gNB-N2 accepted[192.168.0.131]:57385 in ng-path module (../src/amf/ngap-sctp.c:113)
01/12 21:59:45.937: [amf] INFO: gNB-N2 accepted[192.168.0.131] in master_sm module (../src/amf/amf-sm.c:674)
01/12 21:59:45.937: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of gNBs is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:1034)
01/12 21:59:45.937: [amf] INFO: gNB-N2[192.168.0.131] max_num_of_ostreams : 10 (../src/amf/amf-sm.c:713)

Start UE (UE0)

Start UE (UE0) as follows. This will register the UE with 5GC and establish a PDU session.

# ./nr-ue -c ../config/open5gs-ue0.yaml 
UERANSIM v3.2.6
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.678] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-DEREGISTERED/PLMN-SEARCH]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.679] [rrc] [debug] New signal detected for cell[1], total [1] cells in coverage
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.679] [nas] [info] Selected plmn[001/01]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.679] [rrc] [info] Selected cell plmn[001/01] tac[1] category[SUITABLE]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.679] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-DEREGISTERED/PS]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.680] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-DEREGISTERED/NORMAL-SERVICE]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.680] [nas] [debug] Initial registration required due to [MM-DEREG-NORMAL-SERVICE]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.680] [nas] [debug] UAC access attempt is allowed for identity[0], category[MO_sig]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.680] [nas] [debug] Sending Initial Registration
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.680] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-REGISTER-INITIATED]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.680] [rrc] [debug] Sending RRC Setup Request
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.681] [rrc] [info] RRC connection established
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.681] [rrc] [info] UE switches to state [RRC-CONNECTED]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.681] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [CM-CONNECTED]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.689] [nas] [debug] Authentication Request received
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.694] [nas] [debug] Security Mode Command received
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.695] [nas] [debug] Selected integrity[2] ciphering[0]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.713] [nas] [debug] Registration accept received
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.714] [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-REGISTERED/NORMAL-SERVICE]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.714] [nas] [debug] Sending Registration Complete
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.714] [nas] [info] Initial Registration is successful
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.714] [nas] [debug] Sending PDU Session Establishment Request
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.714] [nas] [debug] UAC access attempt is allowed for identity[0], category[MO_sig]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.921] [nas] [debug] Configuration Update Command received
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.944] [nas] [debug] PDU Session Establishment Accept received
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.949] [nas] [info] PDU Session establishment is successful PSI[1]
[2023-01-12 22:00:47.971] [app] [info] Connection setup for PDU session[1] is successful, TUN interface[uesimtun0, 10.45.0.2] is up.

The Open5GS C-Plane log when executed is as follows.

01/12 22:00:47.651: [amf] INFO: InitialUEMessage (../src/amf/ngap-handler.c:361)
01/12 22:00:47.651: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of gNB-UEs is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:2322)
01/12 22:00:47.651: [amf] INFO:     RAN_UE_NGAP_ID[1] AMF_UE_NGAP_ID[1] TAC[1] CellID[0x10] (../src/amf/ngap-handler.c:515)
01/12 22:00:47.651: [amf] INFO: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000] Unknown UE by SUCI (../src/amf/context.c:1629)
01/12 22:00:47.651: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of AMF-UEs is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:1419)
01/12 22:00:47.651: [gmm] INFO: Registration request (../src/amf/gmm-sm.c:546)
01/12 22:00:47.651: [gmm] INFO: [suci-0-001-01-0000-0-0-0000000000]    SUCI (../src/amf/gmm-handler.c:149)
01/12 22:00:47.653: [sbi] WARNING: [ed06bc32-9278-41ed-b581-07913d6f5ae9] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.653: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.11:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.653: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.11:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.653: [sbi] INFO: [ed06bc32-9278-41ed-b581-07913d6f5ae9] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.654: [sbi] WARNING: [ed06f8aa-9278-41ed-a3eb-5b9e68dbf79f] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.655: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.655: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.655: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.655: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.655: [sbi] INFO: [ed06f8aa-9278-41ed-a3eb-5b9e68dbf79f] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.666: [sbi] WARNING: [ed06f8aa-9278-41ed-a3eb-5b9e68dbf79f] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.667: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.667: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.667: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.667: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.667: [sbi] INFO: [ed06f8aa-9278-41ed-a3eb-5b9e68dbf79f] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.670: [sbi] WARNING: [ed06f8aa-9278-41ed-a3eb-5b9e68dbf79f] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.670: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.670: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.670: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.671: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.671: [sbi] INFO: [ed06f8aa-9278-41ed-a3eb-5b9e68dbf79f] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.677: [sbi] WARNING: [ed0c66b4-9278-41ed-8776-93a2580d6dc0] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.677: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.13:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.677: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.677: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.677: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.678: [sbi] INFO: [ed0c66b4-9278-41ed-8776-93a2580d6dc0] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.680: [sbi] WARNING: [ed0bb430-9278-41ed-acf7-37688bb1eafc] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.680: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.20:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.680: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.20:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.680: [sbi] INFO: [ed0bb430-9278-41ed-acf7-37688bb1eafc] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.887: [gmm] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000] Registration complete (../src/amf/gmm-sm.c:1413)
01/12 22:00:47.888: [amf] INFO: [imsi-001010000000000] Configuration update command (../src/amf/nas-path.c:435)
01/12 22:00:47.889: [gmm] INFO:     UTC [2023-01-12T13:00:47] Timezone[0]/DST[0] (../src/amf/gmm-build.c:543)
01/12 22:00:47.889: [gmm] INFO:     LOCAL [2023-01-12T22:00:47] Timezone[32400]/DST[0] (../src/amf/gmm-build.c:548)
01/12 22:00:47.891: [amf] INFO: [Added] Number of AMF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/amf/context.c:2343)
01/12 22:00:47.891: [gmm] INFO: UE SUPI[imsi-001010000000000] DNN[internet] S_NSSAI[SST:1 SD:0xffffff] (../src/amf/gmm-handler.c:1084)
01/12 22:00:47.894: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-UEs is now 1 (../src/smf/context.c:1009)
01/12 22:00:47.894: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/smf/context.c:3088)
01/12 22:00:47.896: [sbi] WARNING: [ed06f8aa-9278-41ed-a3eb-5b9e68dbf79f] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.896: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.896: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.896: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.896: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.12:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.897: [sbi] INFO: [ed06f8aa-9278-41ed-a3eb-5b9e68dbf79f] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.901: [sbi] WARNING: [ed0c66b4-9278-41ed-8776-93a2580d6dc0] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.902: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.13:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.902: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.902: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.902: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.13:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.902: [sbi] INFO: [ed0c66b4-9278-41ed-8776-93a2580d6dc0] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.904: [sbi] WARNING: [ed0bb430-9278-41ed-acf7-37688bb1eafc] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.905: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.20:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.905: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.20:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.905: [sbi] INFO: [ed0bb430-9278-41ed-acf7-37688bb1eafc] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.907: [sbi] WARNING: [ed070fe8-9278-41ed-bf0d-f90868a69a6e] (NF-discover) NF has already been added (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:739)
01/12 22:00:47.907: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.15:80] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1711)
01/12 22:00:47.907: [sbi] WARNING: NF EndPoint updated [127.0.0.15:7777] (../lib/sbi/context.c:1623)
01/12 22:00:47.907: [sbi] INFO: [ed070fe8-9278-41ed-bf0d-f90868a69a6e] (NF-discover) NF Profile updated (../lib/sbi/nnrf-handler.c:762)
01/12 22:00:47.909: [smf] INFO: UE SUPI[imsi-001010000000000] DNN[internet] IPv4[10.45.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/smf/npcf-handler.c:495)
01/12 22:00:47.910: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.112]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)

The Open5GS U-Plane1 log when executed is as follows.

01/12 22:00:47.905: [upf] INFO: [Added] Number of UPF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/upf/context.c:181)
01/12 22:00:47.905: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.111]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/12 22:00:47.905: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1 CP:0x1] APN[internet] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.45.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/12 22:00:47.905: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1 CP:0x1] APN[internet] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.45.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/12 22:00:47.909: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.131]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)

Looking at the console log of the nr-ue command, UE0 has been assigned the IP address 10.45.0.2 from Open5GS 5GC.

[2023-01-12 22:00:47.971] [app] [info] Connection setup for PDU session[1] is successful, TUN interface[uesimtun0, 10.45.0.2] is up.

Just in case, make sure it matches the IP address of the UE0's TUNnel interface.

# ip addr show
...
11: uesimtun0: <POINTOPOINT,PROMISC,NOTRAILERS,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 500
    link/none 
    inet 10.45.0.2/32 scope global uesimtun0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::43d5:def6:8d1f:1cd/64 scope link stable-privacy 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
...

Ping google.com

Specify the UE0's TUNnel interface and try ping.

Please refer to the following for usage of TUNnel interface.

https://github.com/aligungr/UERANSIM/wiki/Usage

Case for going through DN 10.45.0.0/16

Execute tcpdump on VM2 (U-Plane1) and check that the packet goes through if=ogstun.

  • ping google.com on VM5 (UE0)
# ping google.com -I uesimtun0 -n
PING google.com (172.217.26.238) from 10.45.0.2 uesimtun0: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.217.26.238: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=23.9 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.26.238: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=20.0 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.26.238: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=23.8 ms
  • Run tcpdump on VM2 (U-Plane1)
# tcpdump -i ogstun -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ogstun, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 262144 bytes
22:04:59.824156 IP 10.45.0.2 > 172.217.26.238: ICMP echo request, id 7, seq 1, length 64
22:04:59.845351 IP 172.217.26.238 > 10.45.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 7, seq 1, length 64
22:05:00.825619 IP 10.45.0.2 > 172.217.26.238: ICMP echo request, id 7, seq 2, length 64
22:05:00.843076 IP 172.217.26.238 > 10.45.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 7, seq 2, length 64
22:05:01.827366 IP 10.45.0.2 > 172.217.26.238: ICMP echo request, id 7, seq 3, length 64
22:05:01.847615 IP 172.217.26.238 > 10.45.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 7, seq 3, length 64

You could specify the IP address assigned to the TUNnel interface to run almost any applications as in the following example using nr-binder tool.

  • Run curl google.com on VM5 (UE0)
# sh nr-binder 10.45.0.2 curl google.com
<HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<TITLE>301 Moved</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>
<H1>301 Moved</H1>
The document has moved
<A HREF="http://www.google.com/">here</A>.
</BODY></HTML>
  • Run tcpdump on VM2 (U-Plane1)
22:06:38.824949 IP 10.45.0.2.34445 > 172.217.26.238.80: Flags [S], seq 2324889727, win 65280, options [mss 1360,sackOK,TS val 2424801776 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
22:06:38.842641 IP 172.217.26.238.80 > 10.45.0.2.34445: Flags [S.], seq 7360001, ack 2324889728, win 65535, options [mss 1460], length 0
22:06:38.844977 IP 10.45.0.2.34445 > 172.217.26.238.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 65280, length 0
22:06:38.845811 IP 10.45.0.2.34445 > 172.217.26.238.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:75, ack 1, win 65280, length 74: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1
22:06:38.846027 IP 172.217.26.238.80 > 10.45.0.2.34445: Flags [.], ack 75, win 65535, length 0
22:06:38.962405 IP 172.217.26.238.80 > 10.45.0.2.34445: Flags [P.], seq 1:733, ack 75, win 65535, length 732: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
22:06:38.966340 IP 10.45.0.2.34445 > 172.217.26.238.80: Flags [.], ack 733, win 64548, length 0
22:06:38.967708 IP 10.45.0.2.34445 > 172.217.26.238.80: Flags [F.], seq 75, ack 733, win 64548, length 0
22:06:38.967861 IP 172.217.26.238.80 > 10.45.0.2.34445: Flags [.], ack 76, win 65535, length 0
22:06:38.984643 IP 172.217.26.238.80 > 10.45.0.2.34445: Flags [F.], seq 733, ack 76, win 65535, length 0
22:06:38.986173 IP 10.45.0.2.34445 > 172.217.26.238.80: Flags [.], ack 734, win 64548, length 0

Please note that the ping tool does not work with nr-binder. Please refer to here for the reason.

For UE1-UE4 as well, execute tcpdump on each U-Plane and check the packets flowing through ogstunX.

You could now create the end-to-end TUN interfaces on the DN and send any packets on the network.

In investigating 5G SA, I have built a simulation environment and can now use a very useful system for investigating 5GC and MEC of 5G SA mobile network. I would like to thank the excellent developers and all the contributors of Open5GS and UERANSIM.

Changelog (summary)

  • [2023.01.12] Updated to Open5GS v2.5.6.
  • [2022.06.05] Updated to Open5GS v2.4.7 and UERANSIM v3.2.6.
  • [2021.08.29] Updated to Open5GS v2.3.3 and added a little about BSF. And updated to UERANSIM v3.2.3.
  • [2021.03.09] Updated to Open5GS v2.2.0 and added a little about NSSF. And updated to UERANSIM v3.1.3.
  • [2021.01.28] Updated to UERANSIM v3.0.1 and updated the operation procedure.
  • [2020.12.23] Updated to UERANSIM v2.2.1 and updated the operation procedure.
  • [2020.12.20] Updated to UERANSIM v2.1.1.
  • [2020.12.14] Updated to UERANSIM v2.0.1 and updated the operation procedure.
  • [2020.12.13] Updated to Open5GS v2.1.0 and added a little about PCF.
  • [2020.11.29] Initial release.

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