Term name (PrefLabel)
Pupa

Definition
The life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. The pupal stage is found only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The processes of entering and completing the pupal stage are controlled by the insect's hormones, especially juvenile hormone, prothoracicotropic hormone, and ecdysone.

Sources/references
Borror, D. J.; DeLong, Dwight M.; Triplehorn, Charles A. (2004). Introduction to the Study of Insects (Sixth ed.).

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Early stage of egg

Definition

From extrusion to the formation of an advanced blastodisc

Optional

Sources/references

Moser, H. G. (Ed.). (1996). The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region. || Ahlstrom, E.H. and O.P. Ball. (1954). Description of eggs and larvae of jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and distribution and abundance of larvae in 1950 and 1951. Fish. Bull. 56:209-245. || Kendall, Jr. A.W, Ahlstrom, E.H. and Moser, H.G.(1984). Early life history stages of fishes and their characters, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special publication 1: 11–22.

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Yolk-Sac Larval Stage

Definition

Developmental stage between hatching and yolk-sac absorption.

Optional

Sources/references

Ahlstrom, E.H. and O.P. Ball. (1954). Description of eggs and larvae of jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and distribution and abundance of larvae in 1950 and 1951. Fish. Bull. 56:209-245. || Kendall, Jr. A.W, Ahlstrom, E.H. and Moser, H.G. (1984). Early life history stages of fishes and their characters. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special publication 1: 11–22.

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

embryo

Definition

The embryonic development stage in multicellular organisms

Optional

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Preflexion larva

Definition

Developmental stage beginning at hatching through egg yolk absorbtion and ending at the start of upward flexion of the notochord.

Optional

Sources/references

Ahlstrom, E.H. and O.P. Ball. (1954). Description of eggs and larvae of jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and distribution and abundance of larvae in 1950 and 1951. Fish. Bull. 56:209-245. || Kendall, Jr. A.W, Ahlstrom, E.H. and Moser, H.G.. (1984). Early life history stages of fishes and their characters, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special publication 1: 11–22. || Mwaluma, J.M., Kaunda-Arara, B., and Strydom, N.A. (2014). A Guide to Commonly Occurring Larval Stages of Fishes in Kenyan Coastal Waters. WIOMSA Book Series No. 15. xvi. 73pp.

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Chalimus

Definition

The life stages of parasitic copepod species marked by their secure attachment to a host by a frontal filament. The chalimus stages follow the free-swimming copepodid stage and precede the sub-adult stages where the organism is capable of detaching from its filament to move across the surface of its host.

Optional

Sources/references

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0073539https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165783605001785

Mapping to other terminologies

Follows S115 (copepodites) http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/S11/current/S115/

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

ephyrula (or is ephyra more commonly used nowadays?)

Definition

A free-swimming precursor stage of the adult medusa stage, ephyrulae (or ephyrae) are small medusae ("medusoid heads") that separate by budding from the polyp in a process known as strobilation before metamorphosing into typical scyphomedusae, the life stage of the adult medusa typically identified as jellyfish. Strobils can sometimes become scyphomedusae without passing through the ephyrulae stage.

Sources/references

Bouillon J. 1968

Optional

Synonyms or acronyms

ephyra

Mapping to external terminologies

[Is your submission related to any existing terms in external resources: please enter one or a list of URIs]

ORCID

[Enter your ORCID if desired]

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

praniza

Definition

The juvenile form of a family of marine isopod crustaceans known as Gnathiidae. The adults are associated with sponges and occur in a wide of depths. The praniza 'larva' is a temporary parasite of marine fishes.

Optional

Sources/references

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnathiidae and requesters

ORCID

gwemon

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

scyphistoma

Definition

The fixed segmented polyp-like stage in the life cycle of a jellyfish, which reproduces asexually by budding (strobilation).

Sources/references

Original requester's definition

Optional

Synonym or acronym (AltLabel)

[Only use if the new term has known synonyms or acronyms]

Mapping to external terminologies

[Is your submission related to any existing terms in external resources: please enter one or a list of URIs]

ORCID

[Enter your ORCID if desired]

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Juvenile stage

Definition

Completion of fin ray counts and beginning of squamation until fish enters adult population or attains sexual maturity.

Optional

Sources/references

Ahlstrom, E.H. and O.P. Ball. (1954). Description of eggs and larvae of jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and distribution and abundance of larvae in 1950 and 1951. Fish. Bull. 56:209-245. || Kendall, Jr. A.W, Ahlstrom, E.H. and Moser, H.G.(1984). Early life history stages of fishes and their characters, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special publication 1: 11–22.

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Cercaria

Definition

A free-swimming larval stage of trematodes (also known as parasitic flatworms or flukes) during which the parasitic fluke typically passes from an intermediate host (often a snail) to another intermediate host or to the final vertebrate host. Cercaria can develop from the sporocyst stage or from the redial stage of the trematode depending on species.

Sources/references

Compiled from multiple sources.

Optional

Synonym or acronym (AltLabel)

Cercariae

Mapping to external terminologies

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018388

ORCID

[Enter your ORCID if desired]

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

sporocyst

Definition

A term used for a development stage in the lifecycle of Apicomplexa parasites and trematode flatworm parasites (flukes). In the trematodes lifecycle it is an elongated sac-like structure that is formed in the initial stage of infection of an intermediate host (typically a snail). It develops from a miracidium and evolve into a redia.

Sources/references

Multiple sources including definition provided by original requester

Optional

Synonym or acronym (AltLabel)

[Only use if the new term has known synonyms or acronyms]

Mapping to external terminologies

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPL_0000098

ORCID

[Enter your ORCID if desired]

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Flexion larva

Definition

Developmental stage beginning with flexion of the notochord, development of the caudal fin and fin rays in majority of species, together with supporting bones and cartilages of the homoceral fin.

Optional

Sources/references

Ahlstrom, E.H. and O.P. Ball. (1954). Description of eggs and larvae of jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and distribution and abundance of larvae in 1950 and 1951. Fish. Bull. 56:209-245. || Kendall, Jr. A.W, Ahlstrom, E.H. and Moser, H.G. (1984). Early life history stages of fishes and their character, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special publication 1: 11–22. || Mwaluma, J.M., Kaunda-Arara, B., and Strydom, N.A. (2014). A Guide to Commonly Occurring Larval Stages of Fishes in Kenyan Coastal Waters. WIOMSA Book Series No. 15. xvi. 73pp.

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

prefLabel test

Definition

definition test

Optional

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Motile

Definition

The life stages of parasitic copepod species commonly referred to as sea lice that are marked by the ability of sub-adult and adult males and females to move freely across the surface of their host. Motile stages are preceded by the chalimus stages in which the organism is attached to its host by a frontal filament.

Optional

Sources/references

https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/359837.pdf

Synonym or acronym (AltLabel)

Motiles (plural)

Mapping to other terminologies

Preceded by the lifeStage: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/S11/current/S1182/

Hi there,

I am hoping to have a few more life stages added to the NVS, or start the discussion. I'm working on a dataset for zooplankton and the number of life stages recorded is seemingly endless, and sometimes very phylum-specific. Please let me know if you require more information/sources from me, or whether you prefer me creating multiple NTR submissions.

(PrefLabel): Trochophore
[Please enter the label of the term you wish to request]
Definition: Free-swimming planktonic marine larva occurring in the first developmental stage of Molluscs and certain marine annelids. The trochophore is the developmental stage prior to veliger.
Sources/references:
https://www.britannica.com/science/trochophore
https://www.earthlife.net/inverts/gastropod-life-cycle.html

Synonym or acronym (AltLabel): Trochophore larva
Mapping to external terminologies: Larvae: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/S11/current/S1128/

(PrefLabel): Veliger
Definition: Developmental stage. Planktonic larva typical of certain mollusks or bivalves. The veliger develops from the trochophore larva.
Sources/references:
https://www.britannica.com/science/veliger
https://www.earthlife.net/inverts/gastropod-life-cycle.html
Synonym or acronym (AltLabel): Veliger larva
Mapping to external terminologies: Larvae: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/S11/current/S1128/

(PrefLabel): Paralarva
Definition: Early developmental stage of post-embryonic development in some groups of cephalopods.
Sources/references: https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/Cooperative%20Research%20Report%20(CRR)/CRR324.pdf
Synonym or acronym (AltLabel): Plural form: paralarvae
Mapping to external terminologies: Larvae: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/S11/current/S1128/

(PrefLabel): Eudoxid
Definition: Developmental stage found in Siphonophorae. Cormidia are released from the posterior end of the polygastric stage to form free-living sexual units, called the eudoxid stage.
Sources/references:
https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/25114
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262774586_Description_of_the_eudoxid_stages_of_Lensia_havock_and_Lensia_leloupi_Cnidaria_Siphonophora_Calycophorae_with_a_review_of_all_known_Lensia_eudoxid_bracts

(PrefLabel): Nurse
Definition: A developmental stage in the life cycle of doliolids. The nurse stage is the terminal life stage for doliolids, often characterized by a conspicuous tail of gastrozooids.
Sources/references:
https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lno.11450
https://academic.oup.com/plankt/article/33/7/1139/1555776

(PrefLabel): Nectochaete
Definition: Developmental larval stage found in Polychaeta species. Planktonic developmental stage bearing functioning parapodia serving locomotion.
Sources/references:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00227-019-3465-9
https://hmr.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1007/BF02366201.pdf

I'm also a little confused about the listed term copepodites C5 plus adults, found here. It mentions that this is sometimes also labeled as C6 or CVI stage. From my understanding however, there are 6 copepodite stage prior to the adult stage (see resource linked below). I believe this means that there's no controlled vocabulary for just the C6 life stage? If this is the case, see NTR below:

(PrefLabel): copepodites C6
Definition: Final developmental larval stage found in copepodites before reaching the adult stage.
Sources/references:
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/nr-laws-policy/risc/background/key_to_freshwater_calanoid_copepods_of_bc.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250217367_Life_cycle_of_Neocalanus_flemingeri_Crustacea_Copepoda_in_the_Oyashio_region_western_subarctic_Pacific_with_notes_on_its_regional_variations

Lastly, I'd also be interested how various stages of cnidarian polyps are best classified, such as gastrozooids and gonozooids. Currently there seems to be an overarching classification ('zooids' - http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/S11/current/S1138/), and I'm wondering whether this should be split up?

We have received a request to add epitoke to S11: pelagic morphs capable of sexual reproduction
Proposing a modified definition as follow:

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

epitoke

Definition

A sexually mature form of marine polychaete worm. Epitokes are pelagic morphs capable of sexual reproduction.

Sources/references

originators plus wikipedia entry for epitoky https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitoky

Optional

Synonym or acronym (AltLabel)

[Only use if the new term has known synonyms or acronyms]

Mapping to external terminologies

[Is your submission related to any existing terms in external resources: please enter one or a list of URIs]

ORCID

[Enter your ORCID if desired]

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

actinula

Definition

Larval stage of a hydrozoan cnidarian which develops into another medusa or polyp.

Optional

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Middle stage of egg

Definition

From the beginning to the end of epiboly

Optional

Sources/references

Moser, H. G. (Ed.). (1996). The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region. || Ahlstrom, E.H. and O.P. Ball. (1954). Description of eggs and larvae of jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and distribution and abundance of larvae in 1950 and 1951. Fish. Bull. 56:209-245. || Kendall, Jr. A.W, Ahlstrom, E.H. and Moser, H.G. (1984). Early life history stages of fishes and their characters, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special publication 1: 11–22.

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

First juvenile instar

Definition

Larval development typically consists of series of stages in which each stage is separated from the next by a molt. An instar is usually defined as the period between molts (ecdyses), and synonymous to the first developmental phase in the juvenile lifestage. The first-juvenile instar is the first developmental phase for certain juvenile arthropods and crustaceans.

@heather-earle - please advise if this definition needs tweaking.

Sources/references

Atlas of Crustacean Larvae: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263235775_Atlas_of_Crustacean_Larvae
Larval Development and Molting: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/69159
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777888/

Optional

Synonym or acronym (AltLabel)

first-instar juvenile
first larval instar stage

Mapping to external terminologies

Not really an external terminology - but a Dungeness Crab Research Group in Puget Sound that uses first-juvenile instar as a lifestage as well: https://www.pnwcrab.com/about-dungeness-crab

ORCID

0000-0002-0053-0795

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Postflexion larva

Definition

Developmental stage from formation of the caudal fin(distal margin of the hypural elements vertical) to attainment of full external meristic complements (fin rays).

Optional

Sources/references

Ahlstrom, E.H. and O.P. Ball. (1954). Description of eggs and larvae of jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and distribution and abundance of larvae in 1950 and 1951. Fish. Bull. 56:209-245. || Kendall, Jr. A.W, Ahlstrom, E.H. and Moser, H.G. (1984). Early life history stages of fishes and their characters, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special publication 1: 11–22. || Mwaluma, J.M., Kaunda-Arara, B., and Strydom, N.A.( 2014). A Guide to Commonly Occurring Larval Stages of Fishes in Kenyan Coastal Waters. WIOMSA Book Series No. 15. xvi. 73pp.

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

cercaria purpurea

Definition

The larval stage of the trematode Parorchis acanthus (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:158687), a parasitic castrator of the common periwinkle Littorina littorea (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140262). Trematoda is a clade within the phylum Platyhelminthes. It includes two groups of parasitic flatworms, known as flukes. They are internal parasites of molluscs and vertebrates.

Sources/references

Multiple sources combined including original requester's definition.

Optional

Synonym or acronym (AltLabel)

[Only use if the new term has known synonyms or acronyms]

Mapping to external terminologies

Relates to http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=158687

ORCID

[Enter your ORCID if desired]

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

doliolaria

Definition

the second stage of larval development of holothurians (sea cucumbers)

Optional

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

metacercaria

Definition

A resting late larval stage of the digenetic trematodes (digeneans) with a three-host life cycle. It is a tailless stage which develops in the intermediate host either encysted in a cyst or encapsulated in a layer of host tissue. This is usually the form which is infective to the definitive host when it ingests the infected intermediate host.

Sources/references

Multiple sources combined

Optional

Synonym or acronym (AltLabel)

metacercariae

Mapping to external terminologies

Same as http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018385

ORCID

[Enter your ORCID if desired]

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

Late stage of egg

Definition

From the end of epiboly to hatching

Optional

Sources/references

Moser, H. G. (Ed.). (1996). The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region. || Ahlstrom, E.H. and O.P. Ball. (1954). Description of eggs and larvae of jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and distribution and abundance of larvae in 1950 and 1951. Fish. Bull. 56:209-245. || Kendall, Jr. A.W, Ahlstrom, E.H. and Moser, H.G.(1984). Early life history stages of fishes and their characters, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special publication 1: 11–22.

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

actinotroch

Definition

Free-swimming larvae of Phoronida

Optional

We currently have a number of inconsistencies in the use of plural vs singular forms of the life stage labels. I am proposing to adopt singular forms for the life stage preferred label as a default. The main reason for this is that, although we have used plural forms in the past, it is unusual to have the plural forms available as a preferred label by default. Harmonising on using the singular form as the default (and the plural form as an alternative label whenever that plural form is different from singular form + "s") would make S11 easier to use as a stand alone vocabulary (i.e. independent from P01) and would align it more closely to other similar vocabularies.

tornaria

The larval stage of some species of Hemichordata such as acorn worms.

https://www.britannica.com/animal/hemichordate
https://www.britannica.com/animal/acorn-worm#ref105919

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

pilidium larvae

Definition

Larval stage of both Nemertea and Spiralia in which the developing juvenile has a gut which lies across the larva's body, and usually eats the remains of the larva when it emerges.

Optional

Required

Term name (PrefLabel)

polygastric

Definition

Dominant asexual stage in the life cycle of a siphonophore. Also known as the colony.

Optional