"But that's exactly what we have on Camazotz. Complete equality. Everybody exactly alike." For a moment her brain reeled with confusion. Then came a moment of blazing truth. "No!" she cried triumphantly. "Like and equal are not the same thing at all!"...Like and equal are two entirely different things.
Madeleine L'Engle, A Wrinkle in Time
Uniform printing of R objects.
Print statements are not uniform. Within the base package alone there are a variety of outputs,
x <- 1:10
x
# [1] 1 2 3 4 5 names(x) <- paste0('name', LETTERS[x])
x
# nameA nameB nameC nameD nameE nameF nameG nameH nameI nameJ
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10numeric(1)
# [1] 0numeric(0)
# numeric(0)l <- vector('list', 5)
l
# [[1]]
# NULL
#
# [[2]]
# NULL
#
# [[3]]
# NULL
#
# [[4]]
# NULL
#
# [[5]]
# NULL
#list(first = 1, second = c(2, 2), third = list(3, 3, 3),
fourth = head(iris))
# $first
# [1] 1
#
# $second
# [1] 2 2
#
# $third
# $third[[1]]
# [1] 3
#
# $third[[2]]
# [1] 3
#
# $third[[3]]
# [1] 3
#
#
# $fourth
# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
# 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
# 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
# 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
# 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
# 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
# 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
# list()
# list()mtcars[1:10, ]
# mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
# Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
# Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
# Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
# Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
# Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
# Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
# Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4
# Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2
# Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2
# Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4mtcars[1, ]
# mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
# Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4mtcars[0, ]
# [1] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
# <0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)What belongs in the printout of an object? (work in progress)
- class (the object's class)
- object data (the data the object's class interprets)
- size (number of elements, number of rows x columns, number of dimensions, etc.)
- class (the data or fields' classes)
- output cutoff (a display limit for underlying data, e.g. tibbles cut off at 10 rows)
- representation of truncated data (when data are truncated how does one meaningfully convey a summary of the remaining data)
- output format
- one of,
- deep (?): the object contains lots of nested data
- wide (?): the object contains lots of fields with atomic values
- one of,
The printout of a tibble is a good example of readable output,
# A tibble: 150 × 5
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
<dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <fctr>
1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
8 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
10 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
# ... with 140 more rows
Simple data looks grossly over represend in readable format. Take a numeric vector for example.
v <- 1:5
readable(v)# A numeric vector: 5
1 2 3 4 5
(subject to change as the project develops)
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