Look at the file named, Answers.md

This repository demonstrates four fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java:

1. Inheritance
2. Encapsulation
3. Polymorphism
4. Abstraction

Using a simple example, looking at the properties and behaviours of different Animals.

• Animal.java: An abstract class representing a generic animal. It demonstrates encapsulation and abstraction.
• Lion.java: A class that extends Animal, demonstrates inheritance and polymorphism.
• Bear.java: Another class that extends Animal, demonstrates inheritance and polymorphism. Additional method
• Main.java: A driver class to run the code and demonstrate the principles in action.

To run the code, compile and execute the Main.java file.

I will be explaining the principles using Animal.java and Bear.java. As Lion.java are basically the same as Bear.java

The Animal class encapsulates the name and age properties by making them private and providing public getters and setters. In Bear class, the growlSound property is being encapsulated within the class. With private access modifier and public getter and setter method for it to be accessible and modified.

The Animal class is an abstract class, because for the Animal class will become the generic base which is going to be used as a concept. The concept that defines common properties/behaviours of different Animal classes. Which they can still be inherited and extended by subclasses.

The Bear class extends the Animal class, demonstrating inheritance. Bear inherits all public and protected members from Animal class.

The makeSound method in the Bear class overrides the abstract method from the Animal class, demonstrating polymorphism. This make Bear class able to be able to provide their own implementation of the method.