Aerodynamics model for Kerbal Space Program

Serious thanks: * a.g., for tons of bugfixes and code-refactorings
* stupid_chris, for the RealChuteLite implementation * Taverius, for correcting a ton of incorrect values
* Tetryds, for finding lots of bugs and issues and not letting me get away with them, and work on example crafts * sarbian, for refactoring code for working with MechJeb, and the Module Manager updates
* ialdabaoth (who is awesome), who originally created Module Manager
* Regex, for adding RPM support
* DaMichel, for some ferramGraph updates and some control surface-related features
* Duxwing, for copy editing the readme

CompatibilityChecker by Majiir, BSD 2-clause http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause

Part.cfg changes powered by sarbian & ialdabaoth's ModuleManager plugin; used with permission
http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/threads/55219

ModularFLightIntegrator by Sarbian, Starwaster and Ferram4, MIT: http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/threads/118088

Toolbar integration powered by blizzy78's Toolbar plugin; used with permission
http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/threads/60863

Source available at: https://github.com/ferram4/Ferram-Aerospace-Research

Install by merging the GameData folder in the zip with the GameData folder in your KSP install

ModuleManager and ModularFlightIntegrator are REQUIRED for FAR to work properly. Failing to copy this over will result in strange errors.

Sample Part.cfg:

MODULE  
{  
	name = FARControllableSurface / FARWingAerodynamicModel  
	b_2 = 0.5				//distance from wing root to tip; semi-span  
	MAC = 0.5				//Mean Aerodynamic Chord  
	nonSideAttach = 0			//0 for canard-like / normal wing pieces, 1 for ctrlsurfaces attached to the back of other wing parts  
	TaperRatio = 0.7			//Ratio of tip chord to root chord generally < 1, must be > 0  
	MidChordSweep = 25			//Sweep angle in degrees; measured down the center of the span / midchord position  
	maxdeflect = 15				//Default maximum deflection value; only used by FARControlableSurface  
	controlSurfacePivot = 1, 0, 0;		//Local vector that obj_ctrlSrf pivots about; defaults to 1, 0, 0 (right)  
	ctrlSurfFrac = 0.2			//Value from 0-1, percentage of the part that is a flap; only used by FARControlableSurface  
}

For control surfaces, use above but replace FARWingAerodynamicModel with FARControllableSurface and add maxdeflect value

Set all the other winglet/control surface values to zero

0.15.2V "Ferri"------------------------------------

Improved voxelization accuracy
Changed CoL code again to try and make it more useful
Cleaned up some unnecessary calculations

Fixed voxelization breaking after many voxelization events; this fixes no-drag situations
Fixed deployed spoilers not producing drag if mounted flush with vehicle
Fixed some main axis issues
Fixed improper heating area for atmospheric heat

Fixed interaction with KIS breaking things
Fixed some data not saving
Fixed exceptions during EVA

0.15.1V "Fanno"------------------------------------

Fixed improper voxelization of debris and vehicles dropped from existing vessel, including effects on stock "occlusion" system
Fixed improper determination of vehicle main axis
Fixed Kerbal EVAs having no drag
Fixed exceptions where outirght disintegration could prevent some vehicles from having aerodynamics applied

Added upper cap on memory allocated for voxelization

Changed calculation of CoL to make more sense
Fixed error in determining AoA for nominal flight in Stability Derivative GUI
Hid yellow aero moment arrows by default in aero overlay to reduce user confusion
Fixed lift / drag arrows remaining on wings that become shielded when aero overlay is open

Switched to a cleaner method of setting internal speedometers
Disable control surfaces auto-response below 5 m/s to prevent wacky flailing during load / when stopped

Change compatibility settings to reject KSP 1.0.0, which is not compatible with RealChuteLite
Updated save-load method to save more reliably and not throw exceptions

0.15V "Euler"------------------------------------

Compatibility with KSP 1.0, 1.0.1, and 1.0.2
Upgraded to MM 2.6.3
Introduction of ModularFlightIntegrator for interfacing with KSP drag / heating systems without interference with other mods

Replaced previous part-based drag model with new vessel-centered, voxel-powered model:
* Generates voxel model of vehicle using part meshes, accounting for part clipping
* Drag is calculated for vehicle as a whole, rather than linear combination of parts
* Payload fairings and cargo bays are emergent from code and do not require special treatment with configs
* Area ruling of vehicles is accounted for; unsmooth area distributions will result in very high drag at and above Mach 1
* Body lift accounts for vehicle shape in determining potential and viscous flow contributions
* Areas exposed to outside used for stock heating calculations

Performance optimizations in legacy wing model
Jet engine windmilling drag accounted for at intakes

Editor GUI improvements including:
* Greater clarity in AoA / Mach sweep tab
* Stability deriv GUI math modified for improved accuracy
* Stability deriv simulation tweaked to fix some minor issues in displaying and calculating response
* Addition of a Transonic Design tab that displays cross-section distribution and drag at Mach 1 for area ruling purposes

Parachute methods have been replaced with RealChuteLite implementation by stupid_chris:
* Less severe parachute deployment
* Parachutes melt / break in high Mach number flows
* No interference with RealChute

Changes to FARAPI to get information faster

FARBasicDragModel, FARPayloadFairingModule, FARCargoBayModule are now obsolete and removed from the codebase
Extensive reorganizing of source to reduce spaghetti and improve maintainability

Modifications to Firehound and Colibri to function with new flight model
Addition of Blitzableiter and SkyEye example crafts

A 1.5x increase to all stock gimbal ranges

0.14.7V------------------------------------
Features:
Raised stalled-wing drag up to proper maximum levels
Adjusted intake drag to be lower
Improved method of dealing with very high vertex count parts for geometry purposes
Upgraded to MM 2.5.13
Included FAR Colibri, a VTOL by Tetryds as an example craft

Bugfixes:
Fixed an issue preventing loading custom-defined FARBasicDragModels

0.14.7V------------------------------------
Features:
Raised stalled-wing drag up to proper maximum levels
Adjusted intake drag to be lower
Improved method of dealing with very high vertex count parts for geometry purposes
Upgraded to MM 2.5.13
Included FAR Colibri, a VTOL by Tetryds as an example craft

Bugfixes:
Fixed an issue preventing loading custom-defined FARBasicDragModels

0.14.6V------------------------------------
Features:
Modified skin friction variation with M and Re to closer to that expected by using the Knudsen number
Changed saving and loading method to allow better behavior when settings need to be cleaned during updates, especially for automated installs
Modified aerodynamic failures for water landings for compatibility with upcoming BetterBuoyancy
Option for aerodynamic failures to result in explosions at the joint during failure.
Serious reworking to handle edge cases with lightly-clipped parts and their effects on blunt body drag (read: when people clip heatshields into the bottom of Mk1 pods and cause problems)
Upgrade to MM 2.5.6

Bugfixes:
Fixed an issue that prevented Trajectories from functioning
Fixed blunt body drag errors with AJE
Fixed issues involving editor GUI and control surface deflections
Fixed edge cases involving attach-node blunt body drag being applied when it shouldn't have
Fixed issues with command pods containing intakes

0.14.5.1V------------------------------------
Features:
Add Reynolds Number readout to main flight GUI

Tweaks:
Adjust skin friction drag for rarefied atmosphere

Bugfixes:
Fix Stab Deriv GUI from breaking for altitudes above atmosphere
Fix flaps and spoilers not functioning with negative deflections

0.14.5V------------------------------------
Features:
Skin friction drag now varies with Reynolds number; this means much higher skin friction drags at higher altitudes
Added simple attempt at handling hydrodynamic effects; not detailed, but objects in oceans move much less
Added color changing options for colorblind users
Tweak flap and spoiler deflection functions
Give spoilers faster deflection coefficients
Update to ModuleManager 2.5.4

Bugfixes:
Removed spontaneous aero-spline warp drive in some Linux64 versions

0.14.4.1v------------------------------------
Features:
Added changes to blunt body drag to make command pods more stable on reentry
Attempt to account for most inaccurate effects of part clipping

0.14.4v------------------------------------ Features:
Default ActionGroups now controlled throuhg dropdown menus rather than string entry
Stability Deriv tab now takes entry in terms of planet, altitude and Mach Number, not density, temperature and Mach number
Stability Deriv tab now accounts for reduced gravity due to high speeds

Contributed by HoneyFox:
Pitch damper now has an additional gain for greater tuning
Control surfaces can now be set to deflect in response to local AoA changes
Control surfaces are not On/Off for a given control direction; can be scaled from -100% to 100% for each

Contributed by Bitronic:
Full Tweakscale Support

BugFixes:
Fixed no shielding with some payload fairings (particularly resized procedural fairings)
Fixed aero tinting blocking tinting from other mods

0.14.3.2v------------------------------------
Features:
Contributed by Da Michel:
Airspeed settings change readouts in cockpits

Bugfixes:
Fixed serious issues with the wing interaction code
Fixed an issue where wind velocity was applied in the opposite direction that was expected

0.14.3.1v------------------------------------
Features:
Improved performance in editor and flight for vessel configuration changes
Fliht GUI appears in mapview

Bugfixes:
Fixed neverending stall resulting from wing interactions with sudden changes in velocity vector direction
Fixed flight GUI issues when passing another vehicle

0.14.3v------------------------------------ Features: Refactored wing interaction code:
Wing interactions should be smoother
Code should be less processor intensive

Upgrade to ModuleManager v2.5.1
Added stall visualization to aero force visualization
Added ability to scale wing mass up or down for additional strength / weight savings (addedby NathanKell)
Improved cargo bay and payload fairing detection algorithm

Tweaks:
Reduced intake drag
Decreased wing mass per area slightly

Bugfixes: Fixed aero visualization leaving parachutes glowing brightly
Fixed some critical errors for when config files do not have values listed
Fixed an issue with AppLauncher buttons multiplying when KSP fails at loading a particular vessel

0.14.2v------------------------------------ Features: 0.25 compatibility, with stock support for SP+ parts
Upgrade CompatibilityChecker
Disable functions on CompatibilityChecker warnings

Prototype aero force visualization in flight
Removed vector from CoL indicator to reduce confusion
More Get functions for the FARAPI
Estimated range and endurance readouts in the Flight Data UI
See and dump FAR module data in the VAB / SPH using the Editor GUI
Some runtime optimizations

Contributed by Da Michel:
Implement separate deflection speeds for flaps / spoilers
Allow preferred default action groups for spoilers / flaps
Contributed by regex:
Add some RPM integration
Contributed by Ippo:
FARWind class for 3rd-party wind implementation

Bugfixes: Fixed some vessel-switching FAR GUI issues
Fixed control surface reversal on undocking or backwards root part selection
Fixed some issues involving CoL position with wings when dealing with parts that have multiple colliders
Fixed some payload fairing and cargo bay part detection issues