Daily Sentence

The sea is calm tonight.

Theory test for flying drone

Drone pilots in the UK will soon have to take a driving theory-style test and get a license to prove they can fly the gadgets "safely and legally". If pilots fly a drone after failing the online multiple-choice quiz, they could face a fine of up to ￡1,000.

1. drone n. 无人机；雄蜂
2. pilot n. 领航员；驾驶员
3. theory n. 理论；原理；学说
4. license v. 许可；批准
5. gadget n. 小玩意
6. fine n. 罚款

Launched by the Civil Aviation Authority, the scheme comes as figures reveal a "sky-tipping" crisis that has seen hundreds of drones crash-landing in trees, parks, gardens, rivers and beaches. The new regulations, which become law on Nov 30, apply to drones or model aircraft weighting between 250g and 20kg. It could lead to children having to do an exam before flying drones they're been given for Christmas.

1. scheme n. 方案；计划
2. reveal n. 透露；揭示；显示
3. crisis n. 危机

Joint effort to fix cathedral

Chinese experts will participate in the restoration work of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, which was badly damage by a huge fire on April 15, said China's National Cultural Heritage Administration. China and France will collaborate on the theme and model of the restoration, and select Chinese experts for the cooperative restoration work in 2020.

1. restoration n. 修复；复原
2. collaborate v. 合作；协作
3. cooperative adj. 合作的；协作的
   • n. 合作

Chai Xiaoming, director of the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, said China can not only contribute general ideas but also detailed technical plans for the renovation. "China has a great deal of experience in renovating ancient buildings affected by fire, especially ones made of wood," China said. "This means we could offer suggestions on how to approach the renovation of the oak-framed root on Notre Dame Cathedral."

1. general n. 将军；
   • adj. 全体的；普遍的
2. renovation n. 革新；翻修
3. approach v. 建议；接近；着手管理
   • n. 方法；接近；道路

Huang Zheng tops Hurun List

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With the fortune of 135 billion yuan, Huang Zheng, founder, chairman and CEO of online discounter Pinduoduo, has taken the top spot on the Hurun Under 40s China Rich List 2019 released by the Hurun Research Institute. Bytedance founder Zhang Yiming ranked second second, with a personal wealth of 95 billion yuan, which increased by 45% from last year, the fasted on the list.

1. discounter n. 折扣商店
2. spot n. 斑点；污迹；脏点
   • v. 看见；看出；注意到；发现
   • adj. 现货交易的；立即支付的
3. rank n. 等级；身份；高级；排
   • v. 排列；分等级
   • adj. 极端（恶劣，下流）的；十足的；繁茂的

Zhang was followed by Wang Tao, the founder of Shenzhen-based drone-maker DJI Technology Co, with a fortune of 47 billion yuan, and Zhang Bangxin, chairman and CEO of Tomorrow Advancing Life Education Group, whose wealth increased by 22% to 44 billion yuan. This year, the list ranked 54 billionaires born after 1980 whose personal wealth surpassed 2 billionaire yuan, four more than that of last year.

1. surpass v. 超越；优于

These young billionaires mainly come from software services, blockchain, and media entertainment accounting for more than 40% of the total. Their average age is 36, one year older than that of the last year. Among the 54 billionaires in this year's rankings, there is only one female entrepreneur: Wu Yan from Hakim Unique Internet Co Ltd.

1. entertainment v. 娱乐；娱乐活动；招待；款待
2. ranking adj. 第一流的；首席的；高级的
   • n. 顺序
3. entrepreneur n. 创业者

Brexit coins to be recycled

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1. recycle v. 改建；（使）循环；（废物回收后）反复利用

Commemorative coins minted to mark Brexit on Oct 31 will be recycled after the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union was delayed by a further three months. The Royal MInt had asked to produce new 50-pence coins featuring the UK's scheduled departure date. However, the coins are to be scrapped as the UK will not leave the EU this week.

1. commemorative adj. 纪念的
2. mint v. 铸（币）
   • n. 薄荷；铸币场；大量的钱
   • adj. 完美的，新造的
3. minted adj. 新生产的；薄荷味的；富有的；富裕的
4. royal adj. 国王的；女王的；皇室的
   • n. 王室成员
5. departure n. 离开；出发；启程
6. scrap v. 报废；取消；抛弃
   • 废料；废品；碎片；

According to the Royal Mint website, precious metals are recycled by being sorted and shredded before being melted down. The 50-pence coin is made from copper and nickel. Metals are then purified and solidified before being turned into new products, the site adds. The UK was due to leave the EU at the end of the month, but Prime Minster Boris Johnson was required to request an extension after Parliament failed to agree on a Brexit deal. On Monday, the EU granted the UK a new Brexit extension utill Jan 31, 2020.

1. sort v. 整理；把...分类；妥善处理；安排妥当
   • n. 排序；分类；种类；类别
2. shred n. 一丁点；细条；极少量
   • v. 撕碎；切碎
3. melt v. 融化；熔化
4. request n. 请求；要求的事
   • v. 要求
5. extension n. 延伸；延长；延期；扩大
6. grant v. 允许；同意

Driver in court over truck deaths

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1. in court 出庭（在法庭上）

The driver arrested in connection with the deaths of 39 people found in the back of a truck in Essex in England made a brief appearance at Chelmsford Magistrates' Court on Monday morning. Maurice Robinson 25, from Northern Ireland, who faces 39 counts of manslaughter as well as charges of human trafficking immigration and money laundering, has been remanded in custody and will appear at London's Old Bailey court on Nov 25.

Three other people have been arrested in connection with the discovery of the bodies and released on bail. Meanwhile, Essex Police are continuing their efforts to clarity details of what happened and to identify the victims.

1. charity v. 澄清；阐明；净化
2. victim n. 受害者；受骗者

The citizen protection center under the Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has received information from 14 local families seeking assistance in finding missing relatives in Britain, the ministry announced in a statement released on Monday night. Some of these Vietnamese families believe their relatives are among the 39 victims found in the refrigerated container truck

1. refrigerate v. 冷藏；使清凉
2. container n. 容器；集装箱；货柜

Kindness is the No 1 quality

What do you look for in a partner? Researchers from the University of Gottingen, have shined a light on what women really want by analyzing the answer of 68,000 people in 180 countries. "Kindness" was the important trial, with the 90% of women thinking it was a top priority.

1. trial n. 特点

Attractiveness was important, but it came secondary to personality traits like "supportiveness" and "intelligence". When asked about choosing a long-term mate, 46.1% of women of all sexual orentations said that a potential partner's desire to parent is very important. "This is the human brain unconsciously prioritizing what matters, and noticing physical 'imperfections' less. Intrinsic goodness, and shared values, these are what drive real romance." said researchers.

1. attractiveness n. 魅力
2. orientation n. 取向；定位
   • sex orientation 性取向
3. potential n. 潜力
   • adj. 潜在的；可能的
4. conscious adj. 意识到；注意到；神志清醒的；有知觉的
5. prioritize v. 给...优先权
6. imperfection n. 缺点;弱点;缺陷
7. intrinsic adj. 内在的；固有的；本身的
8. romance n. 浪漫；爱情

Zhejiang cuts homework burden

1. burden n. 负担；重担
   • v. 负重；（使）担负

A draft regulation of Zhejiang province to allow students to quit working on their homework after a certain time in the evening has sparked heated debate on the Internet. The regulation stpulates that primary school students can refuse to do the homework after 9 pm and junior high school student after 10 pm, province that their parents agree.

1. quit n. 辞职；退出
   • v. 离开；停止；戒掉；关闭
2. spark n. 火花
   • v. 引发；触发；冒火花
3. heated adj. 愤怒的；激烈的；热烈的
4. debate n. v. 辩论；争论；考虑
5. regulation n. 规则；法规；控制
   • adj. 规定的
6. stipulate v. 规定；约定

The regulation, part of a guideline released by the Education Department of Zhejiang on Monday, is aimed at cutting the academic workload on students. The initiative ignited furious debate among Chinese netizens, especially parents. While some applauded the measure, believing it would, to some extent, ease students' stress, many complained it will actually and more pressure on parents and children.

1. workload n. 工作量
2. ignite v. 点火；燃烧
3. furious adj. 狂怒的；暴怒的；激烈的；猛烈的
4. netizen n. 网民
5. measure n. 措施；衡量；方法；程度
   • v. 测量；估量
6. extend n. 程度；范围；大小

While no parents want to see their children yawning while overwhelmed with homework, many worry that if schools reduce homework assignments, make tests easier and downgrade the importance of scores, it is the parents who must provide their children with more extracurricular learning to help them stand out from their peers. This is because the all-importance national college entrance examination, or gaokao, is not going away anytime soon.

1. yawn v. 打呵欠
2. overwhelm v. 淹没；压倒
3. extracurricular adj. 正课以外的；(娱乐等)业余的
4. stand out 引人注目；脱颖而出
5. peer n. 同事；同龄人

Huawei's foldable phone is finally going on sale in China

A folding phone from Chinese tech giant, Huawei, will finally go on sale next month after multiple delays.

The company announced that it will begin shipping its Mate X in China on November 15 and told The Verge that it is in the process of outlining plans for an international release.

'Our strategy is based on carriers' 5G roll out in different regions, ' Huawei told The Verge in a statement.

'So for, Huawei has made the Huawei Mate X available in the China market on November 15. A global launch plan is under review.'

Points:

1. go on sale: 上市，正在销售
2. multiple adj. 多次的，多重的；多样的
   • multi-词根：表示多的
   • multi-culture: 多元文化
   • multilingual adj. 多语言的
   • multilateral adj. 多边的；多方的
3. announce vt. 宣布（publish，declare）
4. ship vt. 船运，运输 n. 轮船
   • free shipping in the U.S.: 美国境内免运费
5. be in the process/course of doing sth. 正在......过程中
6. outline vt. 概述，概括 n. 轮廓，略图
7. strategy n. 策略；战略；策划；战略部署
8. be based on: 基于
9. roll out: 推出
10. make sth. available: 推出
11. launch n. 发布会
    • product launch: 产品发布会
12. under review: 正在审查中

Meituan launches services to help visually impaired

10/27/2019

Meituan, an online food delivery-to-ticketing services platform, unveiled a voice application customized for the blind and visually impaired on Monday, as the company begins big investment in voice technology to offer services for more consumers.

With the new move, blind and visually impaired customers can "speak" to the app to order takeaway food online.

Meituan noted that such customized services will also be available in its businesses including ticketing and ride-hailing in the future.

Points:

1. food delivery: 外卖
2. unveil vt. 推出； 首次展示
   • lunch/unveil a new product: 推出了一个新的产品
   • Apple unveiled iphone 11
3. application n. 应用
4. the blind: 盲人
   • the + adj.: 代指一类人
   • the blind and visually impaired: 盲人或视力受损的人
5. impaired adj. 受损的
   • impair vt. 损害，损伤（damage）
   • Her sight is badly damaged/impaired. 她的视力受损严重
6. customize v. 定制
7. investment n. 投资
8. takeaway food: 外卖（food delivery）
   • eat or take away?
9. note
   • v. 注意；指出；留意；特别提到
   • n. 笔记；注释；记录；便条
10. ride-hailing: 打车
    • hail vt. 招呼，叫出租车
    • to hail a taxi: 打手势叫出租车

Many glass walkways closed

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Many tourist attractions in China have closed glass walkways built in a rush to woo adventurous visitors but without sufficient care for safety and management. Amid a lack of national standards and supervision over such facilities, Hebei province was the first to introduce reginal requirements on construction materials, design and visitor numbers.

1. attraction n. 吸引；魅力
2. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
   • n. 足够
3. management n. 管理；经营
4. amid prep. 在...的过程中；在...中；四周是
5. supervision n. 监管；管理
6. facility n. 设备；机构；容易；机敏
7. introduce v. 推进；采用；实施；引见
8. regional adj. 地区的；区域的；地方的
9. construction n. 施工；建筑；建立；建造

The province has closed 32 glass bridges and walkways in 24 scenic areas over the past 18 months. In Guangdong province, authorities demanded changes in similar glass amenities at six 4A-level scenix spots. China now has about 2,300 glass bridges and undetermined number of glass walkways or slides.

1. scenic n. 风景影片；风景电影
   • adj. 风景优美的
2. undermined adj. 未确定的；优柔寡断的
3. slide n. 滑梯；滑动；山崩
   • v. 滑；滑掉

In 2016, a tourist was injured by falling rocks when walking on the glass walkway in Zhangjiajie, Hunan province . In 2017, one died in an accident on the glass slide at Mulan Shengtian scenic area in Hubei province. Another incident, at Foziling scenic area in Pingnan county of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, left one tourist dead and six injured.

Wildfire prompts evacuations

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More than 1,000 firefighters battled a wind-driven blaze on Monday that broke out near the renowned Getty Center museum in Los Angeles, prompting widespread evacuations as the flames destroyed several homes and forced the shutdown of schools and roads. It was the latest outbreak in a wildfire season that has caused mass evacuations and power outages across California.

1. blaze n. 火焰；火灾；烈火
   • v. 闪耀；熊熊燃烧
2. renowned adj. 有名的；闻名的
3. prompting n. 劝说；催促；督促
4. flame n. 火焰；光芒
   • v. 燃烧；发火焰；（激动地）爆发；激起
5. shutdown n. 关闭；停工；停业；倒闭
6. outbreak n. 突然发生
   • v. 爆发
7. mass n. 质量；群众；大量；块
   • v. 聚集；集结
   • adj. 大批的；数量极多的
8. evacuation n. 腾出；撤退；抽空
9. outage n. 停电

The so-called Getty Fire ignited overnight near a major freeway and quickly spread south and west toward neighborhoods, scorching nearly 240 hectares and sending people fleeing in the dark. celebrities including the state's former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Los Angeles Lakers star LeBron James, and actress Kristin Davis, are among the hundreds of thousands evacuating their homes.

1. ignite v. 点火；燃烧；使燃烧；使灼热
2. scorch v. 把...烫坏；烤焦；
   • n. 烧焦
3. flee v. 逃避；逃走；消失；避开
4. celebrity n. 名人；名声
5. former adj. 以前的；昔日的

UK set for general election

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1. general n. 将军；上将
   • adj. 全体的；普遍的；总的；正常的
2. election n. 选举；当选

The UK is set to go to the polls on Dec 12 after MPs backed Prime Minister Boris Johnson's call for an election following months of Brexit deadlock. By a margin 438 votes to 20, the House of Commmons approved legislation paving the way for the first December election since 1923. The bill is still to be approved by the Lords but could become law by the end of this week.

1. poll n. 投票
   • v. 投票
2. prime n. 盛年；鼎盛时期
   • adj. 主要的；首要的；基本的；优质的
   • v. 事先指点；使（某人）做好准备；吧（事物）准备好
3. deadlock n. 僵局；僵持
4. margin n. 边缘；差额；余地；界限
   • v. 给...镶边；在...旁加备注
5. approve v. 批准；赞成；同意；准核
6. legislation n. 立法；法律；法规；制定法律
7. pave v. 铺（地）
8. bill n. 法案；账单；喙；海报
   • v. 开账单；宣布...将做某事

If the hill is passed unchanged, Parliament will be dissolved on Nov 6 ahead of what is set to be a five-week election campaign. Johnson hopes the election will give him a fresh mandate for his Brexit deal and break the current Parliamentary deadlock, which has led to the UK's exit being further delayed to Jan 31.

1. dissolve vi. 溶；禁不住（哭起来或笑起来）
   • vt. 使（固体）溶解；解除（婚姻）关系；终止（商业协议）
2. mandate v. 授权；强制执行
   • n. 授权；任期；委托书

Genetic tests can be wrong

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1. genetic adj. 基因的；遗传学的

Consumer genetic tests could be giving false reassurance to those at heightened risk of cancers, according to findings presented at an international conference. The study, by clinical genetic testing company Invitae, revealed that tests for breast and bowel cancer risk by direct-to-consumer companies such as 23andMe give negative to the vast majority of those carrying DNA mutations in the genes under investigation.

1. reassurance n. 肯定；保证；能消除疑虑的说话（或行动）
2. heighten v. 提高；加深；增加；增高
3. conference n. 研讨会；讨论会
4. reveal v. 透露；揭露；启示
   • n. 显露
5. negative n. 否定；底片；负片；拒绝
   • v. 否定；拒绝；否定...的真实性
   • adj. 坏的；有害的；消极的；负面的
6. investigation n 侦查；科学研究
7. vast adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的；大量的
8. majority n. 大多数；大部分

"These tests should not be taken at face value at all, whether they are positive or negative," said Edward Esplin from Invitae ahead of the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics in Houstion, Texas. "The data really underscores that needs to be increased awareness that results from this type of screening may not be wrong but they're woefully incomplete."

1. annual adj. 每年的；一年一次的；年度的
2. underscore v. 强调
3. woeful adj. 糟糕的；严重的；不合意的；悲惨的

23andMe explains the limitations of these tests to consumers and on its website. Esplin said that despite this, consumers could be wrongly reassured by a negative result.

1. reassure v. 使... 安心；打消...的疑虑

Daily Sentence

The world will know nothing of whatever words of grief or passion, of remorse or indifference you may choose to send as your answer or your appeal.

1. appeal n. 上诉；申诉；魅力；v. 上诉；呼吁；恳求

World's lightest dessert

Artisans at London-based design studio Bompass & Parr teamed up with scientists at the Aerogelex laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, to transfer the properties of the world's lightest solid material into an edible dessert. With an air content of 95%-99.8%, aerogel is recognized as the lightest solid in the world, so it made sense for designers to try and emulate the making-of process of aerogel to create the world's lightest dessert.

1. artisan n. 工匠；技工
2. team up with 与...合作；
3. transfer n. v. 调任；转移；调离
4. property n. 属性；资产
5. edible adj. 可食用的
6. dessert n. 甜点；
7. sense n. 意识；理智；判断力；v. 意识到；感觉到；检测出
8. emulate v. 仿真；

They began by making a hydrogel of egg white that was then cast in a mold before being submerged in a bath of calcium chloride and water. The liquid in the meringue gel was replaced with liquid carbon dioxide, which can be transformed into a gas in a process known as super-critical drying.

1. cast v. 浇筑；投射；向...投以（目光，笑容）
2. submerge v. 沉没；

Finally, the gas is removed from the end product, leaving behind only the skeleton of the original gel. In this particular case, the final product is a meringue dessert that consists of 96% air and weighs only one gram.

Daily Sentence

Finns are passionate about food.

1. passionate adj. 热情的；怒不可遏的

Retirement is bad for mind

While retiring ahead of schedule may be easier on the body, a new set of research has found that it may not be so beneficial for the mind. The study, conducted at Binghamton University, finds that early retirement can accelerate the usual rate of cognitive decline among the elderly.

1. conduct v. 传导；指挥；带领；n. 指挥；带领
2. accelerate v. 加快；加速；催促
3. rate n. 速度；价格；v. 评价；评估
4. cognitive adj. 认识的；感知的；
5. decline n. 下降；衰退；v. 下降；衰退

The research team analyzed China's new rural pension plan, as well as China's most recent Retirement Longitudinal Survey, in order to investigate the effects of early retirement and pension benefits on individual cognition among adults over the age of 60. After going over all of the data, the research team noted a clear trend: individuals receiving pension benefits were experiencing much more rapid mental decline than their counterparts still in the workforce.

1. rural adj. 乡村的；农村的
2. pension n. 养老金；退休金；v. adj.
3. investigate v. 调查；研究；调查
4. cognition n 认知；认识
5. individual n. 个人；adj. 单独的；个别的

The most prominent indicator of mental decline among retirees was delayed recall, a trait widely considered to be an accurate predictor of dementia. Surprisingly, females seemed to experience even sharper mental decline after retiring early.

1. pominent adj. 重要的；显著的；杰出的
2. indicator n. 指针；指示器；现象
3. recall v. 回忆；召回；回想；n. 记忆力；记性
4. trait n. 特点
5. accurate adj. 正确无误的；精确的
6. predictor n. 预示
7. sharp v. 磨快；欺诈；adj. 尖的；锐利的；急剧的；快速的

Daily Sentence

Wise men of ancient times and successful men of today have told us that labor is sweet.

1. labor n. v. 劳动；

Chunyun tickets to go on sale

About 440 million trips are expected to be made by rail during the Spring Festival travel rush this year, according to the national railway operator.

1. trip n. 出行；旅游

The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel rush, also known as chunyun, will kick off on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.

1. kick off 开始

Tickets can be purchased online or by phone 30 days in advance of travel or at railway stations, ticket agencies and self-ticketing machines 28 days ahead of time, according to the company.

1. advance n. 进展；进步；提高；v. 提前；进步

To enhance railway capacity, more than 100 additional high-speed train services will be scheduled to operate each night, the company said.

1. enhance v. 提高；增强
2. capacity n. 容量；生产能力

Daily Sentence

Don't worry , I respect everything; the flowers that grow, the birds, the sky, the universe.

Microsoft tries 4 day week

A growing number of smaller companies are adopting a four-day workweek. Now the result of a recent trial at Microsoft suggest it could work even for the biggest business. The company introduced a program this summer in Japan called the "Work Life Choice Challenge," which shut its offices every Friday in August and gave all employees an extra day off each week.

1. adopt v. 收养；正式通过；采纳

The result were promising: While the amount of tie spent at work was cut dramatically, productivity measured by sales per employee - went up by almost 40% compared to the same period the previous year, the company said in a statement last week.

1. promising adj 有希望的；有出息的
2. dramatical adj. 戏剧的；显著的
3. previous adj. 先前的；以往的

By shutting down earlier each week, the company was also able to save on other resources, such as electricity. Microsoft says it will conduct another experiment in Japan later this year. It plans to ask employees to come up with new measures to improve work-life balance and efficiency, and will also ask another companies to join the initiative.

1. conduct v. 实施；执行；
   • n. 举止；管理方法
2. measure n. 措施；办法；量具
   • v. 测量
3. initiative n. 倡议；积极性
   • adj. 起始的

China is racing ahead in 5G

China is expected to account for at least one-third of global 5G users by 2050, said Zhao Dachun, vicegeneral manager of major telecom operator, China Mobile. Zhao siad by 2050, a total of 409 telecom operations all over the world will offer 5G commercial services to 1.6 billion people in 117 countries and regions. So far, 50 telecom operators have been offering 5G networks globally, serving more than million users.

1. commerical adj. 贸易的；商业的

"The development of 5G in the domestic market is also robust," said Zhao. As of September, 86,000 5G base stations had been put into run under three major Chinese telecom operators, and the number of stations is expected to exceed 130,000 by the year end. But road ahead is still rough and bumpy, Zhao added, as the present technology is still not mature, the commerical mode lacks innovation and operation cost is high.

1. domestic adj. 本国的；国内的
   • n. 佣人；家庭矛盾
2. robust adj. 强壮的；结实的；耐用的
3. exceed v. 超过（数量）
4. bumpy adj. 不平的
5. lack v. 缺乏；不够
   • n. 缺乏；缺少的东西
6. innovation n. 改革创新

Daily Sentence

When I was a child, my homesickness was a small stamp, linking mum at the other end and me this.

PM: UK to exit EU by Jan 31

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson will "get Brexit done" by Jan 31 and then agree on a new trade deal with the European Union by the end of 2020, cabinet office minister Michael Gove said on Sunday, vowing to deliver on the government's top priority.

1. vow v. 发誓；许愿；
2. deliver v. 交付；发表；兑点
3. priority n. 优先；重点

Johnson and his team were triumphant last week at an early election. Johnson will set out his program on Thursday in a Queen's Speech.

1. triumphant adj. 得意洋洋的；巨大成功的

Rishi Sunak, a deputy finance minister, said the government aimed to re-submit the Withdrawal Agreement Bill to parliament for ratification before Christmas to allow ministers to start work on other priorities.

The Supreme Court

Brexit has infected British politics from top to bottom

To cure the fever will require another vote

1. infect v. 感染，影响
2. twaddle v. 废话，蠢话 = nonsense

No british institution is any longer immune to the Brexit virus. On September 24th the
Supreme Court ruled that the queen herself had been led to act unlawfully when her
prime minister, Boris Johnson, advised her to suspend Parliament in the run-up to
Britain’s departure from the European Union (see article). Unanimous, the judges
ruled that the government had not provided “any reason—let alone a good reason”
for this intrusion on “the fundamentals of democracy”. The very next day mps returned
to work triumphant.

1. institution n. 机构；政府机关 / 组织
2. be immune to 不受...的影响
3. illegal = unlawful 违法的
4. suspend v. 暂停
5. the run-up to sth.（重要事件的）前夕
   • in the run-up to the election 在选举前夕
6. unanimous adj. 一致通过的
   • a unanimous decision / vote 一致通过的决定 / 投票
7. the intrusion on 对...的侵犯
8. triumphant adj. 胜利的；洋洋得意的；耀武扬威的；

This was the worst week in Mr Johnson’s extraordinarily bad two months in office. The
unelected prime minister has lost every vote he has faced, squandered his majority
and fired a score of mps from his Conservative Party. Following the court’s ruling, he
was dragged back from a un summit in New York to face the music in Westminster,
where mps now have ample time to grill him not only about his fraying Brexit plans
but also on allegations of corruption during his stint as mayor of London.

1. unelected adj. 未经选举的
2. squander v. 挥霍，浪费
   • squander sth. on sth.
   • squander a number of chances in the first half 在上半场浪费了好几次机会
3. drag one's feet / heels 做事拖拉，迟迟不做
   • sb. is always dragging his feet over doing sth. 在某件事上做事拖拉
4. face the music 为自己的行为接受批评 / 惩罚
5. be music to your ears （某人的话）听起来很中听
   • Your words is music to my ears.
6. grill v. 审问，盘问
   • grill sb about / on sth.
7. fray v. 磨损；（使）恼怒 = annoying
   • n. 争吵，大家
     • enter the fray
8. stint n. 固定的时期（做某项工作或活动）
   • do a two-year stint in the army 服了两年兵役
   • his stint as chairman 主席任期

Mr Johnson is an unworthy occupant of 10 Downing Street. And yet the man who
would replace him, Labour’s Jeremy Corbyn, is hardly more appealing. At its
conference this week Labour set out a platform of wildly far-left policies, including
the expropriation of a tenth of the equity of every large company, a big round of
nationalisation, the seizure of private schools’ assets and a four-day working week.
The extreme nature of the programme was matched only by the extreme viciousness
of the infighting, and the extreme incompetence with which plots were hatched and
backs were stabbed.

1. unworthy adj. 有失身份的（行为，态度）
   • is unworthy of a mayor 没有市长的样子
2. far-left 极左（左派）
3. expropriate v. 征用，没收
   • expropriation n.
4. equity n. 公正；取票
5. round n. 一系列常规活动，惯常的活动
   • an endless round of meeting 没玩没了的会议
   • the daily round of commuting and shopping 每天...的例行实物
   • round of applause 一阵掌声
   • it's my round 轮到我请客了
   • do / go the rounds 传播，流传（观点，故事，疾病）
6. vicious adj. 恶毒的；凶险的 = malicious
7. infighting n. 内讧，内部斗争
8. plot n. 密谋，阴谋；情节
   • the plot thickens 情况开始复杂起来，事情越来越纠缠不清了
9. hatch v. 孵化
   • hatch a plot 密谋
10. stab sb. in the back 背后伤人；背叛某人 = betray

It may seem like an awful twist of fate that at such a crucial time Britain has both the
worst prime minister and worst leader of the opposition in living memory. But it is no
coincidence. Both men, wholly inadequate to their roles, are in place only because
Brexit has upended the normal rules of politics. This turbulent week has shown more
clearly than ever that, until Britain’s relationship with the eu is resolved, its broader
politics will be dangerously dysfunctional.

1. twist n. 意外转折
   • be round the twist 发疯的；极其愤怒的
2. upend v. 使颠倒
3. turbulence n. 波动
   • turbulent adj. **的，动乱的；狂风大作的
4. dysfunctional adj. 失常的；有故障的

He fought the law and the law won

The Supreme Court’s welcome slapping down of Mr Johnson’s unlawful suspension of Parliament was a model of neutrality. But the unrepentant prime minister told a febrile Parliament that the court had been wrong to intervene. mps are sabotaging Brexit, he thundered; by ruling out a no-deal Brexit they are surrendering to the Europeans. The man who claimed he wanted to leave the eu to restore power to British institutions has again shown himself ready to vandalise them when it suits hi

1. slap sb. down 训斥

2. unlawful adj. 不合法的

3. suspension n. 暂停；悬浮

4. neutrality n. 中立；

5. unrepentant adj. 顽固的；不知悔改的

6. prime n. 盛年；adj. 主要的；首要的；优质的

7. minister n. 部长；

8. febrile adj. 狂热的

9. court n. 法院

10. intervene v. 介入；干扰

11. sabotage v. 破坏

12. thunder v. 打雷；怒吼；n. 雷；

13. rule sth. / sb. out 排除；拒绝考虑；使（某件事）不可能发生

    e.g. 干旱的土地 rule out most forms of agriculture

    e.g. Her existence rules out my winning the game.

14. surrender v. n. 投降；放弃

15. institution n. 机构；团体；制度

16. vandalise v. 故意破坏

17. suit yourself 随你便吧

There is no doubt, though, that the person most damaged by the ruling is the prime minister himself. As wellas the ignominy of losing the case, the judgment brings more immediate problems. One is the prospect of mps digging into new claims that, as mayor, he funnelled public money to companies owned by a close friend. (He says funds were dispensed to her with “utter propriety”.) Another is that his promise to leave the eu on October 31st under any circumstances looks rasher than ever. He is desperate to do a deal, but striking one that satisfies both the eu and his hardline Brexiteers in Parliament will be a tall order—as it was for his predecessor, Theresa May. The court has shown that it will not tolerate the kind of chicanery that his advisers seemed to think might get him out of this hole.

1. ignominy n. 公开的耻辱 = humiliation

2. prospect n. 展望；情景；前途；可能发生的事

   be excited at the prospect of sth. 对某件（尚未发生的）事感到激动

3. dig into 探究；开始使用

   dig your heels in sth. 拒不让步

   dig deep 动用储存；动用后备力量

   dig a hole for oneself 自食其果

   dig sb. out of trouble 帮助某人摆脱困境

4. funnel v. 汇集

5. dispense v. 分配；免除

6. utter adj. 完全的；v. 说；讲

7. propriety n. 适当；正当

8. circumstance n. 环境；境况

9. rash adj. 鲁莽的；轻率的

10. desperate adj. 渴望的

11. strike v. 罢工；打击；

    strike a deal 达成协议

12. striking adj. 引人注的；异乎寻常的

13. hard-line adj. 硬派的；执着的

14. a tall order 很难完成的要求

    a tall story 荒诞的故事

15. predecessor n. 前任

16. court n. 法院；v. 追求；求婚；吸引；寻求

17. tolerate v. 忍受

18. chicanery n. 诡计；欺骗

19. hole n. 洞；孔

    full of holes 漏洞百出

    be in a hole 处于困境中

    get sb. out of one's hole 帮助某人摆脱困境

If Mr Johnson feels tormented by Brexit, he should think again. His lifelong aim of becoming Conservative leader had long been blocked by fellow mps, who identified him as a lightweight and a liar. Only their panicked belief that the party needed a leader who had backed Leave, and who could win voters from the hardline Brexit Party, persuaded them to overlook the glaring flaws in his character. Brexit may well make Mr Johnson the shortest-serving prime minister. But it was also Brexit that made him any sort of prime minister.

1. torment v. 折磨；欺负；使混乱；n. 苦恼
2. lifelong adj. 终生的；
3. block v. 阻塞；阻挠；杜绝；n. 阻碍；块
4. lightweight adj. 不严肃的；微不足道的；n. 微不足道的人
5. liar n. 说谎者
6. panic n. 恐慌
7. back v. 支持；后退
8. glaring adj. 显眼的；刺眼的
9. flaw n. 缺点；裂纹

Something similar is true of Mr Corbyn. He, too,is frustrated that Brexit, which does not much interest him, is distracting from his plans for transforming Britain. Labour’s internal split on the issue is more likely than anything else to bring him down. But it is also Brexit that has catapulted him tothe extraordinary position of preparing to form a socialist government before the end of the year. Brexit has done for two Tory prime ministers and counting, and split the party system in such a way that Labour might yet take office on only a small share of the vote. Even with their humiliations, the Conservatives are ten points ahead in polls. Imagine how poorly Mr Corbyn, the most unpopular opposition leader on record, would be faring in normal times.

1. frustrated adj. 沮丧的；失败的

2. distract v. 转移（注意力）；分散（**）

   distract sb. from study

3. transform = completely change

   improve greatly = transform sth. for the better

   Mobile network has transformed out life for the better.

   AI / Social network ... has transformed our life / study , for better or for worse, depending on how we use it .

4. internal adj. 内部的；里面的；n. 本质；内脏

5. split n. 分歧；分裂；v. 使分裂；分开

6. bring sb. down 让坏事发生在某人身上，让某人遭殃

   His rudeness brought him down. 他的鲁莽让他遭殃

   bring tears to sb.'s eyes 让某人流泪

   couldn't / cannot bring yourself to do sth. 无法让自己去做某事

   语境：因为如果做了的话会让某人或自己不高兴

   I couldn't bring myself to lie to her.

7. catapult v. 把...弹出去/射出去

   catapult sb. to fame / stardom 让某人一举成名

   catapult sb. to the spotlight 让...成为公众关注的焦点

8. extraordinary adj. 意想不到的；令人惊奇的；奇怪 的；

9. do for 杀死；严重伤害；要了某人的命

10. ... and counting 数字在持续增加

11. vote v. n. 投票

12. humiliation n. 羞辱；丢脸

13. poll n. 民意调查

14. fare well 成功了

    fare badly 失败

    fare better 更成功
    How did you fare in the interview? 你的面试怎么样？

    In terms of democracy, A fares better than B.

Voters will soon face an unappetising choice betweenthese two inadequate leaders. With the government some 40 votes short of a majority, an election is coming. Polls show that many voters (like quite a few mps) are defecting to the moderate Liberal Democrats—a sign that they reject the drift to the extremes in the two main parties. Yet under first-past-the-post voting it would take an earthquake for the next prime minister to be anyone other than Mr Johnson or Mr Corbyn. And as for the great matter of the day, neither man has yet been able to say precisely what type of Brexit, if any, he could bring about. Given the polls, it is likely that neither will end up with a majority, leaving Parliament just as logjammed as today.

1. unappetizing adj. 难吃的；倒胃口的
2. inadequate adj. 不胜任的；不充足的；不够的
3. defect n. 缺陷；短处；不足；v. 背叛；变节
4. moderate v. 缓和；使适中；adj. 适度的；适中的
5. reject v. 排斥；拒收；n. 废品；次品
6. drift n. 趋势；大意；要点；v. 漂移；漂流
7. precisely adv. 精确的；准确的
8. logjam n. 僵局；停滞状态

That is why the Brexit question is best answered by returning it to voters, via a second referendum. We have long argued that they deserve a chance to say whether the final exit deal is preferable to the one they have as eu members. A referendum would resurrect bitter arguments and infuriate Leavers, who see it as a rematch of a contest they already won. But nearly four years will have passed between the original vote and a likely exit date. In addition, what was promised has turned out starkly different from the reality, especially if Britain proposes to leave without a deal. It is thus more important than ever to find out if voters are really in favour of what is being done in their name. The public supports the idea of a second vote and there is just about a majority for it in Parliament, which can agree on little else. Only when people are given a clear choice on this question can the country begin to shake off the Brexit virus.

1. via prep. 通过；经由

2. referendum n. 全民投票

3. argue v. 认为；争论；辩论；说服

4. resurrect v. 重新应用；恢复；

5. bitter adj. 充满怨恨的；激烈的；愤愤不平的；苦的；痛苦的

   to the bitter end 坚持到底；拼到底

   fight ... to the bitter end 与... 作斗争

6. infuriate v. 激怒；使生气

7. starkly adv. 完全的

8. shake v. 摆动；摆脱

Daily Sentence

To help others, you don't have to be in efficient expert in the art; the main thing is the attention.

Gates retakes richest title

Microsoft co-founder and billionaire philanthropist Bill Gates has surpassed Amazon's CEO Jeff Bezos as the world's richest person, reclaiming the distinction for the first time in more than two years. As of Friday, the Bloomberg Billionaire Index reported the Gates' total net worth comes in at a staggering $110 billion.

1. philanthropist n. 慈善家
2. surpass v. 超过
3. reclaim v. 再生；开垦；利用；n. 开垦；改造
4. distinction n. 区别；差别；卓越；荣誉
5. distinct adj. 清楚的；清晰的；明白的
6. staggering n. 惊人的；

Microsoft shares are up almost 48% this year and the company beat out Amazon for a lucrative $10 billion cloud-computing contract with the Pentagon. Bezos currently sits in second place with a total net worth of $109 billion. Recently, Gates spoke about a proposed wealth tax being campaigned by some Democratic presidential candidates, including Sen. Elizabeth Warren.

1. share n. 股票
2. lucrative adj. 利润丰厚的
3. contract n. 合约；收缩；感染
4. propose v. 建议；提议；求婚；打算
5. tax n. 税

He revealed he already paid more than $10 billion in taxes. Gates said: "If I'd had to pay $20 billion, it's fine. When you say I should pay $100 billion, then I'm starting to do a little math about what I have left over."

1. reveal v. 透露；揭露；n.

In a first, Chinese rich now outnumber American peers

10/25/2019

In a first, people in China who rank in the 10% of wealth around the world now outnumber Americans int that select people, highlighting the ongoing tilt in global wealth toword Asia.

The U.S has 99 million of its citizen in the top 10%, while China has leapfrogged ahead with 100 million citizens in the group, according to a new report wealth from Credit Suisse.

"Since 2008, emerging economies including China have accounted for two-thirds of real wealth gain," the investment bank in a blog post.

"The 'new world' is talking over as the engine of global advancement, while the influence of the 'old world' is waning."

points:

1. first n. 首次出现的事物，开创先例的事
2. outnumber vt. 超过
   outlook n. 前途
   outperform n. 胜过，做的比...好
   outreach n. 超出范围
3. select adj. 精选的；最优秀的
4. highlight vt. 强调
5. ongoing adj. 持续不断的；继续存在的
6. tilt n. 倾斜
7. leapfrog v. 越级提升
8. emerging adj. 新兴的
9. account for (数量上)占
10. gain n. 增长
11. advancement n. 进步
    advantage 优势
    advanced 先进的，高级的
12. wane vi. 衰减，减弱

The Supreme Court

Brexit has infected British politics from top to bottom

To cure the fever will require another vote

1. infect v. 感染，影响
2. twaddle v. 废话，蠢话 = nonsense

No british institution is any longer immune to the Brexit virus. On September 24th the
Supreme Court ruled that the queen herself had been led to act unlawfully when her
prime minister, Boris Johnson, advised her to suspend Parliament in the run-up to
Britain’s departure from the European Union (see article). Unanimous, the judges
ruled that the government had not provided “any reason—let alone a good reason”
for this intrusion on “the fundamentals of democracy”. The very next day mps returned
to work triumphant.

1. institution n. 机构；政府机关 / 组织
2. be immune to 不受...的影响
3. illegal = unlawful 违法的
4. suspend v. 暂停
5. the run-up to sth.（重要事件的）前夕
   • in the run-up to the election 在选举前夕
6. unanimous adj. 一致通过的
   • a unanimous decision / vote 一致通过的决定 / 投票
7. the intrusion on 对...的侵犯
8. triumphant adj. 胜利的；洋洋得意的；耀武扬威的；

This was the worst week in Mr Johnson’s extraordinarily bad two months in office. The
unelected prime minister has lost every vote he has faced, squandered his majority
and fired a score of mps from his Conservative Party. Following the court’s ruling, he
was dragged back from a un summit in New York to face the music in Westminster,
where mps now have ample time to grill him not only about his fraying Brexit plans
but also on allegations of corruption during his stint as mayor of London.

1. unelected adj. 未经选举的
2. squander v. 挥霍，浪费
   • squander sth. on sth.
   • squander a number of chances in the first half 在上半场浪费了好几次机会
3. drag one's feet / heels 做事拖拉，迟迟不做
   • sb. is always dragging his feet over doing sth. 在某件事上做事拖拉
4. face the music 为自己的行为接受批评 / 惩罚
5. be music to your ears （某人的话）听起来很中听
   • Your words is music to my ears.
6. grill v. 审问，盘问
   • grill sb about / on sth.
7. fray v. 磨损；（使）恼怒 = annoying
   • n. 争吵，大家
     • enter the fray
8. stint n. 固定的时期（做某项工作或活动）
   • do a two-year stint in the army 服了两年兵役
   • his stint as chairman 主席任期

Mr Johnson is an unworthy occupant of 10 Downing Street. And yet the man who
would replace him, Labour’s Jeremy Corbyn, is hardly more appealing. At its
conference this week Labour set out a platform of wildly far-left policies, including
the expropriation of a tenth of the equity of every large company, a big round of
nationalisation, the seizure of private schools’ assets and a four-day working week.
The extreme nature of the programme was matched only by the extreme viciousness
of the infighting, and the extreme incompetence with which plots were hatched and
backs were stabbed.

1. unworthy adj. 有失身份的（行为，态度）
   • is unworthy of a mayor 没有市长的样子
2. far-left 极左（左派）
3. expropriate v. 征用，没收
   • expropriation n.
4. equity n. 公正；取票
5. round n. 一系列常规活动，惯常的活动
   • an endless round of meeting 没玩没了的会议
   • the daily round of commuting and shopping 每天...的例行实物
   • round of applause 一阵掌声
   • it's my round 轮到我请客了
   • do / go the rounds 传播，流传（观点，故事，疾病）
6. vicious adj. 恶毒的；凶险的 = malicious
7. infighting n. 内讧，内部斗争
8. plot n. 密谋，阴谋；情节
   • the plot thickens 情况开始复杂起来，事情越来越纠缠不清了
9. hatch v. 孵化
   • hatch a plot 密谋
10. stab sb. in the back 背后伤人；背叛某人 = betray

It may seem like an awful twist of fate that at such a crucial time Britain has both the
worst prime minister and worst leader of the opposition in living memory. But it is no
coincidence. Both men, wholly inadequate to their roles, are in place only because
Brexit has upended the normal rules of politics. This turbulent week has shown more
clearly than ever that, until Britain’s relationship with the eu is resolved, its broader
politics will be dangerously dysfunctional.

1. twist n. 意外转折
   • be round the twist 发疯的；极其愤怒的
2. upend v. 使颠倒
3. turbulence n. 波动
   • turbulent adj. **的，动乱的；狂风大作的
4. dysfunctional adj. 失常的；有故障的

He fought the law and the law won

The Supreme Court’s welcome slapping down of Mr Johnson’s unlawful suspension of Parliament was a model of neutrality. But the unrepentant prime minister told a febrile Parliament that the court had been wrong to intervene. mps are sabotaging Brexit, he thundered; by ruling out a no-deal Brexit they are surrendering to the Europeans. The man who claimed he wanted to leave the eu to restore power to British institutions has again shown himself ready to vandalise them when it suits hi

1. slap sb. down 训斥

2. unlawful adj. 不合法的

3. suspension n. 暂停；悬浮

4. neutrality n. 中立；

5. unrepentant adj. 顽固的；不知悔改的

6. prime n. 盛年；adj. 主要的；首要的；优质的

7. minister n. 部长；

8. febrile adj. 狂热的

9. court n. 法院

10. intervene v. 介入；干扰

11. sabotage v. 破坏

12. thunder v. 打雷；怒吼；n. 雷；

13. rule sth. / sb. out 排除；拒绝考虑；使（某件事）不可能发生

    e.g. 干旱的土地 rule out most forms of agriculture

    e.g. Her existence rules out my winning the game.

14. surrender v. n. 投降；放弃

15. institution n. 机构；团体；制度

16. vandalise v. 故意破坏

17. suit yourself 随你便吧

There is no doubt, though, that the person most damaged by the ruling is the prime minister himself. As wellas the ignominy of losing the case, the judgment brings more immediate problems. One is the prospect of mps digging into new claims that, as mayor, he funnelled public money to companies owned by a close friend. (He says funds were dispensed to her with “utter propriety”.) Another is that his promise to leave the eu on October 31st under any circumstances looks rasher than ever. He is desperate to do a deal, but striking one that satisfies both the eu and his hardline Brexiteers in Parliament will be a tall order—as it was for his predecessor, Theresa May. The court has shown that it will not tolerate the kind of chicanery that his advisers seemed to think might get him out of this hole.

1. ignominy n. 公开的耻辱 = humiliation

2. prospect n. 展望；情景；前途；可能发生的事

   be excited at the prospect of sth. 对某件（尚未发生的）事感到激动

3. dig into 探究；开始使用

   dig your heels in sth. 拒不让步

   dig deep 动用储存；动用后备力量

   dig a hole for oneself 自食其果

   dig sb. out of trouble 帮助某人摆脱困境

4. funnel v. 汇集

5. dispense v. 分配；免除

6. utter adj. 完全的；v. 说；讲

7. propriety n. 适当；正当

8. circumstance n. 环境；境况

9. rash adj. 鲁莽的；轻率的

10. desperate adj. 渴望的

11. strike v. 罢工；打击；

    strike a deal 达成协议

12. striking adj. 引人注的；异乎寻常的

13. hard-line adj. 硬派的；执着的

14. a tall order 很难完成的要求

    a tall story 荒诞的故事

15. predecessor n. 前任

16. court n. 法院；v. 追求；求婚；吸引；寻求

17. tolerate v. 忍受

18. chicanery n. 诡计；欺骗

19. hole n. 洞；孔

    full of holes 漏洞百出

    be in a hole 处于困境中

    get sb. out of one's hole 帮助某人摆脱困境

If Mr Johnson feels tormented by Brexit, he should think again. His lifelong aim of becoming Conservative leader had long been blocked by fellow mps, who identified him as a lightweight and a liar. Only their panicked belief that the party needed a leader who had backed Leave, and who could win voters from the hardline Brexit Party, persuaded them to overlook the glaring flaws in his character. Brexit may well make Mr Johnson the shortest-serving prime minister. But it was also Brexit that made him any sort of prime minister.

1. torment v. 折磨；欺负；使混乱；n. 苦恼
2. lifelong adj. 终生的；
3. block v. 阻塞；阻挠；杜绝；n. 阻碍；块
4. lightweight adj. 不严肃的；微不足道的；n. 微不足道的人
5. liar n. 说谎者
6. panic n. 恐慌
7. back v. 支持；后退
8. glaring adj. 显眼的；刺眼的
9. flaw n. 缺点；裂纹

Something similar is true of Mr Corbyn. He, too,is frustrated that Brexit, which does not much interest him, is distracting from his plans for transforming Britain. Labour’s internal split on the issue is more likely than anything else to bring him down. But it is also Brexit that has catapulted him tothe extraordinary position of preparing to form a socialist government before the end of the year. Brexit has done for two Tory prime ministers and counting, and split the party system in such a way that Labour might yet take office on only a small share of the vote. Even with their humiliations, the Conservatives are ten points ahead in polls. Imagine how poorly Mr Corbyn, the most unpopular opposition leader on record, would be faring in normal times.

1. frustrated adj. 沮丧的；失败的

2. distract v. 转移（注意力）；分散（**）

   distract sb. from study

3. transform = completely change

   improve greatly = transform sth. for the better

   Mobile network has transformed out life for the better.

   AI / Social network ... has transformed our life / study , for better or for worse, depending on how we use it .

4. internal adj. 内部的；里面的；n. 本质；内脏

5. split n. 分歧；分裂；v. 使分裂；分开

6. bring sb. down 让坏事发生在某人身上，让某人遭殃

   His rudeness brought him down. 他的鲁莽让他遭殃

   bring tears to sb.'s eyes 让某人流泪

   couldn't / cannot bring yourself to do sth. 无法让自己去做某事

   语境：因为如果做了的话会让某人或自己不高兴

   I couldn't bring myself to lie to her.

7. catapult v. 把...弹出去/射出去

   catapult sb. to fame / stardom 让某人一举成名

   catapult sb. to the spotlight 让...成为公众关注的焦点

8. extraordinary adj. 意想不到的；令人惊奇的；奇怪 的；

9. do for 杀死；严重伤害；要了某人的命

10. ... and counting 数字在持续增加

11. vote v. n. 投票

12. humiliation n. 羞辱；丢脸

13. poll n. 民意调查

14. fare well 成功了

    fare badly 失败

    fare better 更成功
    How did you fare in the interview? 你的面试怎么样？

    In terms of democracy, A fares better than B.

Voters will soon face an unappetising choice betweenthese two inadequate leaders. With the government some 40 votes short of a majority, an election is coming. Polls show that many voters (like quite a few mps) are defecting to the moderate Liberal Democrats—a sign that they reject the drift to the extremes in the two main parties. Yet under first-past-the-post voting it would take an earthquake for the next prime minister to be anyone other than Mr Johnson or Mr Corbyn. And as for the great matter of the day, neither man has yet been able to say precisely what type of Brexit, if any, he could bring about. Given the polls, it is likely that neither will end up with a majority, leaving Parliament just as logjammed as today.

1. unappetizing adj. 难吃的；倒胃口的
2. inadequate adj. 不胜任的；不充足的；不够的
3. defect n. 缺陷；短处；不足；v. 背叛；变节
4. moderate v. 缓和；使适中；adj. 适度的；适中的
5. reject v. 排斥；拒收；n. 废品；次品
6. drift n. 趋势；大意；要点；v. 漂移；漂流
7. precisely adv. 精确的；准确的
8. logjam n. 僵局；停滞状态

That is why the Brexit question is best answered by returning it to voters, via a second referendum. We have long argued that they deserve a chance to say whether the final exit deal is preferable to the one they have as eu members. A referendum would resurrect bitter arguments and infuriate Leavers, who see it as a rematch of a contest they already won. But nearly four years will have passed between the original vote and a likely exit date. In addition, what was promised has turned out starkly different from the reality, especially if Britain proposes to leave without a deal. It is thus more important than ever to find out if voters are really in favour of what is being done in their name. The public supports the idea of a second vote and there is just about a majority for it in Parliament, which can agree on little else. Only when people are given a clear choice on this question can the country begin to shake off the Brexit virus.

1. via prep. 通过；经由

2. referendum n. 全民投票

3. argue v. 认为；争论；辩论；说服

4. resurrect v. 重新应用；恢复；

5. bitter adj. 充满怨恨的；激烈的；愤愤不平的；苦的；痛苦的

   to the bitter end 坚持到底；拼到底

   fight ... to the bitter end 与... 作斗争

6. infuriate v. 激怒；使生气

7. starkly adv. 完全的

8. shake v. 摆动；摆脱

Daily Sentence

When you can no more hold me by the hand, nor I half turn to go yet turning stay. 一半转身一半离开

你再不能牵住我的手，而我也无法将去还留。

1. half n. 一半；（比赛、音乐会等的）半场；adv. 半；半数；绝大部分（时间、乐趣、麻烦等）；到一半程度 adj. 一半的；一部分的；

P.S.

Preparing for the final exams in these days.

Daily Sentence

Every doing forms a deed, Every deed makes a little thing. Notice every word and act, you'll have a beautiful spring.

Sugar causes depression

1. depression n. 抑郁；沮丧；

If you've been feeling especially blue, a new study suggests getting those visions of sugar plums out of your head. Researchers at the University of Kansas say that the added sugars found in virtually all holiday sweets can induce inflammatory and neurobiological processes that are connected to depression and negative feelings.

1. blue adj. 悲伤的；忧郁的
2. vision n. 幻想；景象
3. virtually adv. 几乎；实际上
4. inflammatory adj. 煽动性的；使人愤怒的
5. negative adj. 有害的；消极的；负面的；n. 否定；拒绝；v. 否定；拒绝；

Seasonal-depression and winter-depression symptoms will push individuals to eat more sweets. This will, in turn, only create a vicious cycle of feeling down and eating sweets to feel better, only to end up feeling even worse.

1. symptom n. 症状；
2. individual n. 人；独立单位；adj. 单一的；独立的；
3. vicious adj. 狂暴的；残酷的；凶猛危险的

Researchers said the inflammation caused by excess sugar is the number one contributor to depressive thoughts. They recommend non-processed foods, particularly those rich in plant-based and Omega-3 fatty acids, in order to combat depression on a dietary level.

1. inflammation n. 炎症；发炎
2. recommend v. 推荐；建议；介绍；劝告
3. combat v. 战斗；防止；减轻；与...搏斗；n. 战斗；打仗
4. dietary n. 饮食；adj. 饮食的；

Daily Sentence

As a person move up the energy scale, their feeling and thought are more positive.

1. scale n. 等级；规模；

"I am doing what my father taught me, balance equities and treat people with decency and respect."

1. equity n. 公平
2. treat v. 对待；治疗；处理；招待
3. decency n. 正派；得体；礼貌

Speed limit on Dutch roads

The daytime speed limit on Dutch roads will be cut to 100km/h in a bid to tackle a nitrogen oxide pollution crisis, according to cabinet sources widely quoted by Dutch media.

1. bid n. 出价；投标；努力争取；v. 出（价）；喊价；投标
2. tackle v. 处理；阻截；与某人交涉；n. 用具；阻截；
3. nitrogen n. 氮
4. cabinet n. 内阁；储藏柜；陈列柜
5. source n. 来源；根源；源头

Under the proposals, drivers would be allowed to revert to the current maximum between 19:00 and 6:00. Bringing the motorway speed limit down to 100km/h would make the Netherlands the lowest in Europe, on a par with Cyprus which has far fewer motorways.

1. proposal n. 建议；提案；求婚；申请
2. revert n. 归属；v. 回复；恢复原状
3. par n. 标准；票面价值；平均数量；adj. 标准的；票面的
4. motorway n. 高速公路

The most common maximum speed limit in Europe is 130km/h while in the UK it is 112 km/h. The new limit is set to come in during 2020, public broadcaster NOS reports.

1. broadcaster n. 广播员；广播公司

Horse-head statue back home

A red bronze horse-head statue plundered from Beijing's Old Summer Palace was donated back by Macao-based tycoon and collector Stanley Ho Hung-sun and handed over to the National Cultural Heritage Administration on Wednesday. The administration said the statue will be given back to the Yuanmingyuan administration.

1. bronze n. 青铜；青铜色；深红褐色；青铜艺术品
2. statue n. 雕像；塑像
3. plunder v. 掠夺；
4. tycoon n. 大亨；企业巨头
5. hand over 上交
6. administration n. 行政部门

Ho purchased the national treasure at a Sotheby's auction in 2007. The sculpture is one of 12 bronze heads depicting zodiac animals that graced a water clock fountain in Yuanmingyuan, also known as the Old Summer Palace, which was destroyed by British and French troops in 1860.

1. auction n. 拍卖；v. 拍卖
2. sculpture n. 雕像
3. fountain n. 喷泉
4. troop n. 军队；部队

Ho also purchased a priceless pig-head sculpture in 2003 and donated it to the country. The horse-head sculpture will join another six zodiac bronzes in an exhibition to showcase the progress of China's efforts to retrieve lost relics over the past seven decades.

1. showcase n. 展示
2. retrieve n. 恢复；v. 找回；取回
3. relic n. 遗迹；遗物；圣物

Daily Sentence

Happiness is like a pebble dropped into a pool to set in motion an ever-widening circles of pieces.

快乐好似扔入尺子的一颗石头，会激起不断扩散的阵阵涟漪。

1. pebble n. 鹅卵石
2. motion n. 运动

Soldiers take ballet lessons

The British Special Air Service soldiers are taking ballet lessons to make them more flexible and mobile in battle. Members of the elite regiment are using classical dance moves such as plie, arabesque, and pirouettes to strengthen their core, arms and legs.

1. elite n. 精英
2. regiment n. （军队的）团；v. 使...编成团（组）；
3. core n. 核心；精髓；adj. 最重要的；主要的；基本的

Classes are being taught by a professional ballet dancer married to a member of the regiment. An anonymous source said: "There has been a gradual move from soldiers just beasting themselves in the gym by lifting heavier and heavier weights. Big muscles might look good on the beach but it's not so good on operations when you often have to move quickly.

1. anonymous adj. b不知姓名的
2. source n. 来源；源头；根源；v. （从...）获得
3. gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的
4. lift v. 举起
5. muscle n. 肌肉

Soldiers now want to be lithe, flexible and mobile and ballet has proved to be a great way of achieving that. There was a lot of shaking of the heads when some of the younger guys announced that they were having ballet lessons, but the ballet classes are now very popular."

1. lithe adj. 优美柔软的

Daily Sentence

Old longings nomadic leap, chafing at custom's chain; again from its brumal sleep wakens the ferine strain.

规俗锁欲终难固，旧习嗜血本未除，蛰伏未动将寒度，野性而今已复苏。

Fast food boss shown door

McDonald's chief executive officer has been pushed out of the company after violating policy by engaging in a relationship with an employee, the corporation said on Sunday. The fast food giant said CEO Steve Easterbrook demonstrated poor judgment, and that McDonald's forbids managers from having romantic relationships with direct or indirect subordinates. In an email to employees, Easterbrook acknowledged had a relationship with an employee and said it was a mistake. "Given the value of the company, I agree with the board that it is time for me to move on." Easterbrook said in email. Easterbrook had been CEO since 2015.

1. executive n. 管理人员；领导层
   • adj. 经理的；决策的
2. violate v. 违反；侵犯
3. internal n. 内脏；本质
   • adj. 内部的；体内的
4. engage v. 雇用；聘用；吸引住
5. demonstrate n. 示范；表现出；表明
6. subordinate n. 部属；
   • adj. 副职的；从属的

E-cigarette online sales ban

China called on companies and e-commerce platform to stop selling e-cigarette online, in a bid to curb underage vaping as global health authorities raise alarms about its potential effect on public health. China's tobacco and market regulators ordered companies and individuals making or selling vaping products to close down their sales websites and mobile apps and e-commerce platforms to shut e-cigarette shops and remove all products. It also called for the withdrawal of online e-cigarette ads. Many e-cigarette companies target young people, misleading them with ads suggesting that their products are harmless aids to wean people off smoking, the regulator sail. Many portray e-cigarettes as fashionable and trendy to attract minors, it added.

1. commerce n. 商业；贸易
2. curb n. 抑制
3. underage adj. 未成年的
4. potential adj 潜在的；可能的
   • n. 潜力
5. regulator n. 管理者
6. withdrawal n. 撤回；取款；收走
7. mislead v. 误导；引入歧途
8. wean v. 戒掉
9. portray v. 描写；描绘

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words

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The Importance of Building Trust Between Business and Consumers

Today, int the contest of this era featured by increasing the trust commercialization and digitalization, mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear to be particularly important.

As for me business should take a leading role in establishing the trust relationship: to be honest with their consumers. Firstly, if a business has a dishonest attitude toward its customers, the customers will lack purchasing confidence in its goods or services, which will bring huge economic loss to the business. What's worse, the adverse side effect of such dishonesty can endanger the business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse of Sanlu Mulk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonous milk has exerted devastating consequences on the whole milk powder market. Besides, because of the proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence in domestic products, and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, which is one reason why cross-border online shopping is gaining more and more popularity in China.

Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthen the importance of maintaining trust between business and consumers to promote the healthy development of the whole social economy.

1. context n. 背景；语境；环境
2. era n. 时代；年代
3. commercialization n. 商业化
4. digitalization n. 数字化
5. mutually adv. 彼此；相互的；共同的
6. particularly adv. 特别的；尤其
7. establish v. 建立；建设
8. adverse adj. 不利的；有害的
9. collapse v. n. 崩溃；折叠
10. testament n. 证明；证据
11. incident adj. 附带的；n. 发生的事情；严重事件
12. poisonous adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的
13. exert n. 使受（影响）
14. devastating adj. 毁灭性的；令人难受的
15. proliferation n. 增生；激增；扩散
16. counterfeit v. 假冒；n. 冒牌货；
17. domestic n. 佣人；adj. 本国的；国内的
18. alternative adj. 可替代的；n. 可供选择的事物
19. resort n. 度假胜地；去；v. 求助；采取
20. popularity n. 流行；受欢迎
21. strengthen v. 加强；增强

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.
Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.
A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so 29 that they'll murder all of us. These fears are mostly 30: as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.
And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, 31, be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk's imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to read a good book.
That is why we welcome Mr. Musk's latest 35, and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.

A) amassed B) casual C) emotional D enabling E) eventually F) exaggerated G) extravagant H) generously I) misleading J) precious K) reward L) smart M) sphere N) terrified O) venture

1. amass v. 积累；收集
2. casual n. 零时工；便装
3. emotional adj. 情感的；情绪化的
4. enable v. 使能够
5. exaggerated adj. 夸张的；夸大的
6. generous adj. 宽宏大量的
7. misleading adj. 误导的
8. sphere v. 球；领域；
9. terrified adj. 恐惧的
10. venture v. 敢于去；n. 企业

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League school

A) As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college. I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. I juggled (尽力应付) cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's youth group and drama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn't have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be a "top school."

1. revolve v. 以...为中心；旋转
2. diligent adj. 勤劳的；煞费苦心的
3. track v. 跟踪；追踪；
4. staff n. 职员；
5. prestige n. 声望；威信；adj. 受人尊敬的；有声望的

B) Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was about these universities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line? Maybe. "I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition," notes Marybeth Gasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania. "I don't necessarily think that's a reason to go to one."

1. curriculum n. 全部课程
2. appear v. 显得；出现；发表；出场
3. rigorous adj. 谨慎的；细致的；严格的
4. alumnus n. 校友
5. recognition n. 识别；认识；承认

C) In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bit snobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculums to be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed of living in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University's (NYU) campus. During the tour, tuition fees were discussed. (NYU is consistently ranked one of the country's most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $ 64,000 a year.) Up until then, I hadn't truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over the next few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn't even afford the ones where I'd been accepted. City University of New York (CUNY), Rutgers University, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-of-state fees. Further complicating my college search was a flourishing track career—I wanted to keep running but my times weren't quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.

1. reflection n. 反映；沉思；映像
2. brand n. 品牌；类型；
3. native adj. 缺乏经验的；幼稚的
4. snobby adj. 势力的
5. automatically adv. 自然的；自动的
6. inferior adj. 较差的；比不上的、
7. oblige v. 答应...的请求
8. complicate adj. 麻烦的
9. flourishing adj. 繁华的；蒸蒸日上的；
10. track v. 跟踪；追踪；n. 轨道；车辙
11. secure v. 保护；取得；获得；adj. 安心的；有把握的；安全的

D) And so, at 11 pm on the night of Georgia State University's (GSU) midnight deadline, I applied online. Rated No. 466 overall on Forbes' Lists Top Colleges, No. 183 in Research Universities, and No. 108 in the South, I can't say it was my top choice. Still, the track coach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after New York City.

1. rate v. 评价；认为；斥责；
2. overall adv. 全部；总计；一般来说；n. 外头；罩衣
3. coach v. 指导；辅导；指示；n. 长途汽车；教练；私人教师
4. urban adj. 城市的；都市的
5. decent adj. 像样的；相当不错的
6. consolation n. 安慰；慰藉

E) While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thing: I loved my "lower-tier" (低层次的) university. (I use the term "low-tier" cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all, where else can you leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt?

1. practical adj. 实际的；真实的；实用的；n. 实习课
2. prestigious adj. 有威望的；
3. cautious adj. 谨慎的；小心的；
4. institution n. 机构；制定；建立

F) My school didn't come prepackaged like the more popular options, so we were left to take care of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was championing for us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because it taught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.

1. prepackaged n. 预先做好的包装
2. champion v. 主持；支持；n. 冠军
3. resourceful adj. 机敏的；足智多谋的

G) I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started college, the HOPE scholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school, supplemented by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I was born.

1. tuition n. 学费；
2. fund v. 为...提供资金；n. 基金；
3. supplement n. 补助；
4. deceased adj. 已故的；死去的；n. 死者；
5. modest adj. 些许的；不大的

H) So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues and competitors have more glamorous alma maters (母校) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed against NYU, Columbia, and Northeastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I've ever had was due to a connection—one that I've gained through pure determination, not a school brand.

1. recognition n. 识别；认识；承认；
2. colleague n. 同事；同僚
3. glamorous adj. 特别富有魅力的
4. journalist n. 新闻记着
5. pure adj. 纯粹的；干净的；
6. determination n. 决心；测定
7. brand n. 品牌；类型；

I) According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor's in 2012 have an average monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004. Ultimately, that's the thing universities don't want to admit. Private universities are money-making institutions. If you can afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the rest of us, however, our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.

1. loan n. 贷款
2. institution n. 制度；机构
3. prestige n. 声望；威信

J) Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: namely, strong alumni networks, star faculty, and a résumé boost. But you needn't attend an Ivy League school to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier school alumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recognize that you didn't necessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be more willing to offer career help, because your less famous school denotes that, like them, you are also full of energy and perseverance.

1. resume n. 简历
2. reap v. 取得（成果）；收获；收割；
3. perseverance n. 毅力；韧性

K) The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college graduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those who applied to slightly less selective schools. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school.

1. reverse n. 反面；背面；v. 颠倒

L) Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name schools are not necessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professors split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.

1. split n. 分歧；划分；分裂；v. 分开；分担；使...分裂
2. instance n. 例子；v. 举...为列
3. prestigious adj. 有威望的；
4. enroll v. 登记；使入学；使入伍

M) It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational résumé, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire, beaten out by top factors like internships, employment during college, college major, volunteer experience, and extracurriculars.

1. candidate n. 候选人；
2. particular adj. 讲究的；挑剔的；n. 细节
3. guarantee n. 保证保障；v. 保证；担保
4. survey v. n. 测量；概述；调查
5. reputation n. 名声；名誉
6. rank v. 排列；分等级
7. relative adj. 相较而言的；相关的
8. attribute n. 属性；象征；v. 把...归因于
9. evaluate v. 对...做评价

N) Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same choice. Today I'm debt-free, resourceful—and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can't predict what you'll find on the inside.

1. prestigious adj. 有声望的；声誉高的
2. bound adj. 可能会；一定会；n. 跳跃；蹦跳
3. resourceful adj. 机敏的；足智多谋的；随机应变的

36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.

37. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.

38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a university to attend.

39. A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their potential, not the university they attended.

40. The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.

41. None of the author's job interviewers cared which college she went to.

42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.

43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses.

44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.

45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.

1. modest adj. 不太大的；谦虚的；些许的
2. certain adj. 肯定；确定
3. extracurricular adj. 正课以外的；
4. reluctant v. 承认

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
自行车曾经是**城乡最主要的交通工具，**一度被称为“自行车王国”。如今，随着城市交通拥堵和空气污染日益严重，骑自行车又开始流行起来。近来，**企业家将移动互联网技术与传统自行车结合在一起，发明了一种称为共享单车（shared bikes）的商业模式。共享单车的出现使骑车出行更加方便，人们仅需一部手机就可以随时使用共享单车。为了鼓励人们骑车出行，很多城市修建了自行车道。现在，越来越多的**人也喜欢通过骑车健身。

Bicycle used to be the leading means of transportation in China's cities and villages, and China was once called "the Kingdom of Bicycles". Nowadays, with traffic congestion and air pollution becoming more and more serious in cities, riding a bicycle is becoming popular again. Recently, China's entrepreneurs have combined mobile Internet technologies with bicycles and invented the business model of bike-sharing. The appearance of shared bikes has made it more convenient for people to get around, and the people can ride bikes at any time with the help of mobile phone. To encourage people to travel by bike, many cities have built bike lanes. Now, more and more Chinese people like exercising by riding bikes.

1. leading adj. 主要的；主导的
2. means n. 方法；方式
3. transportation n. 交通工具
4. congestion n. 堵塞；充血；塞车
5. entrepreneur n. 企业家；创业人；
6. convenient adj. 实用的；便利的

Daily Sentence

The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature. It is a moral quality.

1. essential n. 要点；必需品；adj. 本质的；必不可少的；极其重要的

Cat taxi charms riders

A paw-sitive car journey is guaranteed to the passengers of an unusual taxi service in Ukraine. Oleksandr Zigulya is the cat taxi driver and he hopes his cat, Tea, will charm a loyal clientele. Zigulya, 29, said he wanted clients to feel at home in his car, but knew that a few elements were missing.

He said, "To achieve that warm, homey feeling, we need a blanket, a cat and a cup of tea." The driver came across the kitten over two years ago at an auto repair shop and found himself a furry companion. The taxi driver said he has over 20 individual journey requests every day and his clients are delighted with the furry passenger.

Daily Sentence

A time to be born, and a time to be die

In Another World

Here I am, in China, half way around the world from home. As I look at my clock and calculate the time back home, I realize that a half world away, people are busy getting ready for a wedding. The bride is my niece, a person I first met when she was three years old. I think back to the first time, I had the opportunity to become acquainted with my niece. As my sister cradled her in her arms, the infant girl clasped her mother's outstretched finger. My intuition told me that her temperament would be a sunny disposition, a joy to people around her.

1. bride n. 新娘
2. niece n. 侄女
3. acquaint v. 使了解；使熟悉
4. cradle v. 摇摇篮催眠小孩
5. infant n. 婴儿；adj 初期的
6. clasp v. 握住；勾住；n. 钩子；别针
7. outstretched adj. 伸展的；
8. intuition n. 直觉
9. disposition n. 倾向；性格

As she grow, the cute little girl had an infectious laugh that started as a small grin, then became a giggle and grew louder and louder unit it triggered a response from all the people around her and they joined in. As an adolescent, she studied hard and enjoyed well-deserved success in secondary school as she interacted with her peer group.

1. infectious adj. 有感染力的；传染性的
2. grin n. 露齿的笑；n. 咧着嘴笑；adj. 咧嘴笑的
3. trigger v. 触发
4. adolescent n. 青少年；adj. 青年期的
5. well-deserved adj. 当之无愧的
6. interact v. 相互作用
7. peer n. 同辈；同龄人；v. 仔细看；端详

After receiving her hight school diploma, she chose nursing as her career. From the beginning of the young couples romance it was evident that were compatible and were completely intrigued with each other. The couple had an engagement party when I was at home in Canada a few months ago. The party was in the form of a panic in a beautiful rose garden. To celebrate and to toast their future, we drank champagne. As they posed under an arch covered with climbing roses, we snapped pictures for their photo album. The couple decided on a fall wedding.

1. diploma n. 毕业证书
2. romance n. 爱情；恋爱；v. 虚构；和某人谈恋爱；追求某人
3. evident adj. 清楚的；显而易见的
4. compatible adj. 兼容的；可用的；关系好的
5. intrigued adj. 着迷的
6. engagement n. 订婚；
7. in the form of 以...的形式
8. panic adj. 恐怖的；
9. toast n. 干杯；敬酒；v. 为...举杯庆祝；为...干杯
10. arch n. 拱门；拱形
11. snap n. 照片；v. 按下快门

Plans for the wedding day were activated immediately. The decisions about the forthcoming event were shared by the whole family. A close friend of the family was contacted and invited to sing a solo just prior to the ceremony. The day before the ceremony, a rehearsal would take place so that remainder of the details could be looked after and attended to. The planning that takes place beforehand for one of these events and all the work that the big day entails, with many people collaborating to make the event run smoothly, are immense.

1. activate v. 活化；触发
2. forthcoming adj. 即将发生的；
3. prior adj. 先前的；较早的；在前的
4. rehearsal n. 排练；演习
5. remainder n. 余数；剩余物；adj. 剩余的；留下的
6. entail v. 需要；使承受；
7. collaborate v. 合作
8. immense adj. 巨大的

The conscientious attention to detail will be evident to the spectators of this event. I can imagine the excitement and emotions of the family today. The time is near. The ceremony will begin in short hours. The bride will be radiant as she comes down the aisle escorted by her father. She will wear her grandmother's pearls as an accessory.

1. conscientious adj. 一丝不苟的
2. spectator n. 旁观者；adj. 观看用的；华美的
3. emotion n. 情绪
4. radiant n. 光源；adj. 喜气洋洋的；容光焕发的；
5. escort n. 护送；v. 护送
6. pearl n. 珍珠项链；珍珠
7. accessory v. 饰品；adj. 附属的；附加的

Her veil will be the same one as her cousin worse last year. As is customary, under her garments she will wear a blue garter. As part of the tradition of Canadian weddings, she will be wearing something old(the pearls), something borrowed(the evil) and something blue(the garter).

1. veil n. 面纱
2. garment n. 服饰；服装；（常在谈及服装加工或服装生意时使用）

As the first chords of the wedding march are played (a melody familiar to all), the congregation will rise. Gasps will be heard as they catch a glimpse of the bride in her gorgeous wedding gown. The mother of the bride will calmly view this whole event, though tears will blur her vision. She will be overcome with sentiment at her daughter's apparent happiness. The picture will be one that will embody hope for the future of humanity.

1. march n. 进行曲
2. gasp n. 喘息
3. glimpse n. 瞥见
4. gorgeous adj. 漂亮的；华丽的
5. sentiment n. 情绪；看法；

As the couple exchange wedding vows, they will be affirming their love and making a commitment to each other. As the spectators are there to wish them well. As the time approaches, I think back to other family weddings over many years. My older sisters were all married in the same church and as brides they carried a white Bible decorated with tiny roses. The receptions for their weddings were all held in the same church basement, as there was no large banquet hall in the local area.

1. affirm v. 肯定
2. commitment n. 承诺
3. spectator n. 旁观者；
4. reception n. 接收；收容
5. banquet n. 宴席

The feast was usually catered by a group of church members. Today's wedding reception will be held in an arena that will be decorated with just the right amount of fall flowers in wonderful arrays to give it dignity yet a touch of glamour. The table decorations will be a masterpiece. One of the table decorations will be small pumpkins, used as containers for flowers that were collected from family gardens, surrounded by a large wreath made from long stalks of wheat.

1. feast n. 盛宴；宴会
2. cater n. 包办
3. dignity n. 尊严；高贵
4. glamour n. 魅力
5. masterpiece n. 杰作
6. wreath n. 花圈；花环
7. wheat n. 小麦

There will be a few coloured leaves placed inside the wreath. Maybe they will use oak and maple leaves to show the splendour of the autumn colours. The colour of the outfits that the bridesmaids are wearing will be fall colours as well.

1. splendor n. 壮丽；华丽；豪华
2. outfit n. 装备

The ingenious decorations will be appreciated by the many guests attending the festivities. At each place setting there will be a special paper napkin with the bride and groom's name printed on it and the date of their wedding. It will be carefully folded placed on top and of a linen napkin. This will be one of the souvenirs the guests will have to commemorate the special wedding day. Also at each place will be a few after dinner mints for the guests.

1. ingenious adj. 精巧的；有创意的；机智的
2. napkin n. 餐巾纸
3. souvenir n. 纪念品
4. commemorate v. 作为...的纪念

A miniature tree will also placed at each persons place. The intent is for the guests to take the little tree home and transplant it to a special place. In this way, our environment is also improved and the tree will become a living tribute to the young couple.

1. miniature n. 微型的
2. intent n. 目的意图
3. transplant n. 移植；移栽

The groom will carry her across the threshold as is customary for a young couple as they begin their new life together. The honeymoon plans will take them to the west coast of Canada. They will have a week of privacy far away from friends and family. They will feel as if they are royalty living in a mansion in this little bit of paradise on earth.

1. groom n. 新郎
2. threshold n. 门槛

Thereafter, they will return home to Ontario where they will reside. Their original plan to spend their honeymoon on board a yacht in the Mediterranean Sea was abandoned when world circumstances dictated that our country Canada was a safer choice.

1. reside v. 居住于
2. circumstance n. 环境；境况
3. dictate v. 听写；命令

Earlier this month, as I thought about the forthcoming marriage, and knew that I would be unable to attend, I decided to write a message to the young couple. The intent was that message would be read aloud during the wedding reception. In the message, I wished them well and urged them to cherish each other every day.

1. cherish n. 珍爱；爱护；

Daily Sentence

Remember today that you are alive.

Frozen 2: Elsa, Anna return

"Frozen 2" will see the return of Disney's beloved characters Elsa and Anna along with the rest of the gang: Kristoff, Olaf and Sven the reindeer. This time around, the Queen of Arendelle and her sister will be on a mission to save the kingdom as the tone looks set to get darker.

1. along with 连同……一起；沿（顺）着；与……一道；除了……
2. reindeer n. 驯鹿
3. mission n. 使命；代表团；任务；

One big change since the first movie is the outfits the leading women are wearing. "Frozen 2" trailers and teasers show Elsa and Anna breaking down barriers by wearing leggings, not just gowns. Director Jennifer Lee has explained the decision to have Elsa and Anna branching out, saying the move toward practical clothing represented contemporary attitudes.

1. outfit v. 装备；配置；n. 服装；装备
2. break down barriers by（doing sth）打破壁垒；打破障碍
3. gown n. 睡衣；长袍
4. contemporary adj. 当代的；现代的；n. 当代的人
5. attitude n. 态度；

"Everyone sort of represents when the film was made and what the film's trying to show," she said. "These two women I'm proud of, they are carrying the weight of the kingdom on their shoulders, so they're going to wear what's right for that. And I love that you can wear anything," she added.

1. sort of 稍微；某种程度上；有点

Climate strike, word of 2019

"Climate strike" was picked by Collins Dictionary after being used on average 100 times more this year than in 2018. The term was first recorded four years ago when pupils skipped school to protest global warming - but the movement has grown over the last year.

1. strike n. 罢工；攻击；v. 罢工；打击
2. skip school 逃学；逃课；翘课
3. protest n. 抗议；反对；抗议书；v. 抗议；反对

The 2019 word of the year - which will get its own entry in the next edition of the dictionary - is defined by Collins as "a form of protest in which people absent themselves from education or work in order to join demonstrations demanding action to counter climate change". It is the second year in a row that an environmental term has been picked as word of the year, after "single-use" in 2018.

1. absent adj. 没有；离开；缺席；v. 使缺席
2. demonstration n. 示范；论证；游行示威
3. demand n. 需要；要求；v. 需求；请求
4. counter v. 抗议；反对；n. 计算器；柜台
5. row n. 争吵；纠纷；严重分歧；v. 吵架；
6. term n. 术语；期限；词语；任期；v. 把...称作；把...叫做

Daily Sentence

Have lots of fun. Try not to hurt anybody in the process.

Save the oceans, feed the world!

Introduction:

What's a marine biologist doing talking about world hunger? Well, says Jackie Savitz, fixing the world's oceans might just help to feed the planet's billion hungriest people. In an eye-opening talk, Savitz tells us what’s really going on in our global fisheries right now — it’s not good — and offers smart suggestions of how we can help them heal, while making more food for all.

1. marine adj. 海产的；海洋的

You may be wondering why a marine biologist from Oceana would come here today to talk to you about world hunger. I'm here today because saving the oceans is more than an ecological desire. It's more than a thing we're doing because we want to create jobs for fishermen or preserve fishermen's jobs. It's more than an economic pursuit. Saving the oceans can feed the world. Let me show you how.

1. ecological adj. 生态学的
2. preserve v. 保存；保留
3. pursuit n. 追求；追赶

As you know, there are already more than a billion hungry people on this planet. We're expecting that problem to get worse as world population grows to nine billion or 10 billion by midcentury, and we can expect to have greater pressure on our food resources. And this is a big concern, especially considering where we are now. Now we know that our arable land per capita is already on the decline in both developed and developing countries. We know that we're headed for climate change, which is going to change rainfall patterns, making some areas drier, as you can see in orange, and others wetter, in blue, causing droughts in our breadbaskets, in places like the Midwest and Central Europe, and floods in others. It's going to make it harder for the land to help us solve the hunger problem. And that's why the oceans need to be their most abundant, so that the oceans can provide us as much food as possible.

1. expect v. 预计；期待
2. arable adj. 耕作的；
3. pattern n. 方式；模式
4. abundant adj. 大量的；丰盛的

And that's something the oceans have been doing for us for a long time. As far back as we can go, we've seen an increase in the amount of food we've been able to harvest from our oceans. It just seemed like it was continuing to increase, until about 1980, when we started to see a decline. You've heard of peak oil. Maybe this is peak fish. I hope not. I'm going to come back to that. But you can see about an 18-percent decline in the amount of fish we've gotten in our world catch since 1980. And this is a big problem. It's continuing. This red line is continuing to go down.

But we know how to turn it around, and that's what I'm going to talk about today. We know how to turn that curve back upwards. This doesn't have to be peak fish. If we do a few simple things in targeted places, we can bring our fisheries back and use them to feed people.

1. curve n. 曲线；

First we want to know where the fish are, so let's look where the fish are. It turns out the fish, conveniently, are located for the most part in our coastal areas of the countries, in coastal zones, and these are areas that national jurisdictions have control over, and they can manage their fisheries in these coastal areas. Coastal countries tend to have jurisdictions that go out about 200 nautical miles, in areas that are called exclusive economic zones, and this is a good thing that they can control their fisheries in these areas, because the high seas, which are the darker areas on this map, the high seas, it's a lot harder to control things, because it has to be done internationally. You get into international agreements, and if any of you are tracking the climate change agreement, you know this can be a very slow, frustrating, tedious process. And so controlling things nationally is a great thing to be able to do.

1. convenient adj. 方便的
2. jurisdiction n. 司法
3. nautical adj. 航海的；海员的
4. exclusive adj. 独家的；
5. track v. 跟踪；
6. frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的
7. tedious adj. 冗长的

How many fish are actually in these coastal areas compared to the high seas? Well, you can see here about seven times as many fish in the coastal areas than there are in the high seas, so this is a perfect place for us to be focusing, because we can actually get a lot done. We can restore a lot of our fisheries if we focus in these coastal areas.

1. restore v. 修复；恢复
2. policy n. 政策；方针
3. fishery n. 渔业；渔场

But how many of these countries do we have to work in? There's something like 80 coastal countries. Do we have to fix fisheries management in all of those countries? So we asked ourselves, how many countries do we need to focus on, keeping in mind that the European Union conveniently manages its fisheries through a common fisheries policy? So if we got good fisheries management in the European Union and, say, nine other countries, how much of our fisheries would we be covering? Turns out, European Union plus nine countries covers about two thirds of the world's fish catch. If we took it up to 24 countries plus the European Union, we would up to 90 percent, almost all of the world's fish catch. So we think we can work in a limited number of places to make the fisheries come back. But what do we have to do in these places? Well, based on our work in the United States and elsewhere, we know that there are three key things we have to do to bring fisheries back, and they are: We need to set quotas or limits on how much we take; we need to reduce bycatch, which is the accidental catching and killing of fish that we're not targeting, and it's very wasteful; and three, we need to protect habitats, the nursery areas, the spawning areas that these fish need to grow and reproduce successfully so that they can rebuild their populations. If we do those three things, we know the fisheries will come back.

1. quota n. 定额

How do we know? We know because we've seen it happening in a lot of different places. This is a slide that shows the herring population in Norway that was crashing since the 1950s. It was coming down, and when Norway set limits, or quotas, on its fishery, what happens? The fishery comes back. This is another example, also happens to be from Norway, of the Norwegian Arctic cod. Same deal. The fishery is crashing. They set limits on discards. Discards are these fish they weren't targeting and they get thrown overboard wastefully. When they set the discard limit, the fishery came back. And it's not just in Norway. We've seen this happening in countries all around the world, time and time again. When these countries step in and they put in sustainable fisheries management policies, the fisheries, which are always crashing, it seems, are starting to come back. So there's a lot of promise here.

1. slide n. 降低；跌落
2. crash v. 撞；破产；打碎；n. 崩溃；坠毁
3. discard v. 放弃；解雇；n. 抛弃；
4. sustainable adj. 可持续的

What does this mean for the world fish catch? This means that if we take that fishery catch that's on the decline and we could turn it upwards, we could increase it up to 100 million metric tons per year. So we didn't have peak fish yet. We still have an opportunity to not only bring the fish back but to actually get more fish that can feed more people than we currently are now. How many more? Right about now, we can feed about 450 million people a fish meal a day based on the current world fish catch, which, of course, you know is going down, so that number will go down over time if we don't fix it, but if we put fishery management practices like the ones I've described in place in 10 to 25 countries, we could bring that number up and feed as many as 700 million people a year a healthy fish meal.

1. peak n. 高峰；顶峰

We should obviously do this just because it's a good thing to deal with the hunger problem, but it's also cost-effective. It turns out fish is the most cost-effective protein on the planet. If you look at how much fish protein you get per dollar invested compared to all of the other animal proteins, obviously, fish is a good business decision. It also doesn't need a lot of land, something that's in short supply, compared to other protein sources. And it doesn't need a lot of fresh water. It uses a lot less fresh water than, for example, cattle, where you have to irrigate a field so that you can grow the food to graze the cattle. It also has a very low carbon footprint. It has a little bit of a carbon footprint because we do have to get out and catch the fish. It takes a little bit of fuel, but as you know, agriculture can have a carbon footprint, and fish has a much smaller one, so it's less polluting. It's already a big part of our diet, but it can be a bigger part of our diet, which is a good thing, because we know that it's healthy for us. It can reduce our risks of cancer, heart disease and obesity. In fact, our CEO Andy Sharpless, who is the originator of this concept, actually, he likes to say fish is the perfect protein. Andy also talks about the fact that our ocean conservation movement really grew out of the land conservation movement, and in land conservation, we have this problem where biodiversity is at war with food production. You have to cut down the biodiverse forest if you want to get the field to grow the corn to feed people with, and so there's a constant push-pull there. There's a constant tough decision that has to be made between two very important things: maintaining biodiversity and feeding people. But in the oceans, we don't have that war. In the oceans, biodiversity is not at war with abundance. In fact, they're aligned. When we do things that produce biodiversity, we actually get more abundance, and that's important so that we can feed people.

1. invest v. 投资
2. conservation n. 保护；
3. align v. 结盟的；相关的

Now, there's a catch. Didn't anyone get that? Illegal fishing. Illegal fishing undermines the type of sustainable fisheries management I'm talking about. It can be when you catch fish using gears that have been prohibited, when you fish in places where you're not supposed to fish, you catch fish that are the wrong size or the wrong species. Illegal fishing cheats the consumer and it also cheats honest fishermen, and it needs to stop. The way illegal fish get into our market is through seafood fraud. You might have heard about this. It's when fish are labeled as something they're not. Think about the last time you had fish. What were you eating? Are you sure that's what it was? Because we tested 1,300 different fish samples and about a third of them were not what they were labeled to be. Snappers, nine out of 10 snappers were not snapper. Fifty-nine percent of the tuna we tested was mislabeled. And red snapper, we tested 120 samples, and only seven of them were really red snapper, so good luck finding a red snapper.

1. undermine v. 暗中破坏；削弱
2. cheat v. 欺骗；
3. fraud n. 骗子；诈骗

Seafood has a really complex supply chain, and at every step in this supply chain, there's an opportunity for seafood fraud, unless we have traceability. Traceability is a way where the seafood industry can track the seafood from the boat to the plate to make sure that the consumer can then find out where their seafood came from.

1. traceability n. 可追踪

This is a really important thing. It's being done by some in the industry, but not enough, so we're pushing a law in Congress called the SAFE Seafood Act, and I'm very excited today to announce the release of a chef's petition, where 450 chefs have signed a petition calling on Congress to support the SAFE Seafood Act. It has a lot of celebrity chefs you may know -- Anthony Bourdain, Mario Batali, Barton Seaver and others — and they've signed it because they believe that people have a right to know about what they're eating.

1. petition v. 请求；申请；n. 祈求
2. celebrity n. 名人；名流

Fishermen like it too, so there's a good chance we can get the kind of support we need to get this bill through, and it comes at a critical time, because this is the way we stop seafood fraud, this is the way we curb illegal fishing, and this is the way we make sure that quotas, habitat protection, and bycatch reductions can do the jobs they can do.

1. bill n. 账单；法案
2. critical adj. 极重要的；批评的
3. curb v. 抑制；控制

We know that we can manage our fisheries sustainably. We know that we can produce healthy meals for hundreds of millions of people that don't use the land, that don't use much water, have a low carbon footprint, and are cost-effective. We know that saving the oceans can feed the world, and we need to start now. Thank you.

Daily Sentence

Remember today is a special time, make the best of it while you can.

Music boosts productivity

An experiment on British workers found that listening to classical music at work can improve productivity by 15 percent. British classical music station Scala Radio and psychologist Dr Becky Spelman set out to determine if background music hurts or hinders workplace efficiency.

1. set out 着手
2. determine v. 确定；查明
3. hinder v. 阻碍；妨碍

Four office workers were asked to transcribe two 600-word sets of song lyrics. The first set was transcribed with no music playing, while the other was completed with classical music playing in the background. The first task, completed in silence, was completed in an average time of 20 minutes and 59 seconds. However, the second transcription exercise that involved music was completed in an average time of 17 minutes and 42 seconds; a difference of three minutes and 17 seconds, or 15 percent.

1. transcribe v. 记录；转录；抄写

Dr Spelman says, "Many people find that listening to certain types of instrumental music can help them with their productivity levels. The music can function as a sort of 'white noise', cancelling out potentially distracting ambient noise."

1. function n. 功能；函数；作用；职能；v. 运转；起作用

2. cancel v. 取消；抵消；消除；解除

3. potential adj. 潜在的

4. ambient adj. 周围环境的；周围的

5. distract v. 转移（注意力）；分散（**）

Daily Sentence

She walks in beauty, like the night of cloudless climes and starry skies.

她在美中徜徉，仿佛夜晚皎洁无云，繁星漫天。

1. clime n. 气候
2. starry adj. 繁星满天的

Harris drops out of 2020 race

US Senator Kamala Harris of California dropped out of the Democratic presidential race on Tuesday, ending a campaign to become the first black woman to win the US presidency as she told supporters she lacked the money needed to fully finance a competitive campaign.

1. drop out 退出；脱离
2. campaign n. 战役；运动；
3. lack v. 缺乏；不够；需要；n.
4. competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的

In her note to supporters, Harris lamented the role of money in politics and, without naming them, took a shot at billionaires Tom Steyer and Michael Bloomberg, who are funding their presidential bids. "I'm not a billionaire," she wrote. "I can't fund my own campaign. And as the campaign has gone on, it's become harder and harder to raise the money we need to compete."

1. lament n. 挽歌；哀诗；v. 对...感到悲痛；痛惜；对...表示失望
2. fund n. 基金；资金；v. 为...提供资金；拨款
3. bit n. 叫牌；投标；v. 出价；
4. compete v. 竞争；对抗；

The first woman attorney general in California's history and the second black female senator in US history, Harris was widely viewed as a candidate poised to excite the multiracial coalition of voters that sent Barack Obama to the White House.

1. candidate n. 候选人；理想对象
2. excite v. 激发；刺激
3. multiracial adj. 多种族的
4. coalition n. 联盟；联合；结合

Daily Sentence

Our life is a movement, a tendency, a steady, ceaseless progress towards an unseen goal.

1. ceaseless adj. 不停的；无休止的

Prince's rebuttal a PR crash

Prince Andrew's attempt to explain away his friendship with pedophile financier Jeffrey Epstein in a high-profile TV interview degenerated into a public relations disaster. During an interview with BBC Newsnight's Emily Maitlis on Saturday night, the prince insisted he had not had sex with any women trafficked by Epstein.

1. financier n. 金融家
2. profile n. 轮廓；简介；外形
3. high-profile adj. 高调的；备受瞩目的；引人注目的；知名度高的
4. degenerate v. 退化；堕落；衰败；n. 腐化的人；退化的动物
5. prince n. 王子；亲王；
6. insist v. 坚持；坚决要求；一口咬定
7. traffic n. 交通；运输；人流；买卖；v. 交易；

But he confirmed that he had flown on Epstein's now notorious jet, nicknamed the Lolita Express, and stayed on his private island and at his home in Palm Beach, as well as at his New York mansion.

1. notorious adj. 声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的

A photograph of the prince with his arm around the waist of a 17-year-old sex slave has been widely circulated, but the prince repeatedly said in his interview he had "no recollection of that photograph ever being taken". His rambling and contradictory explanations sparked near-universal condemnation from viewers.

1. slave n. 奴隶；v. 苦干；辛勤地工作
2. circulate v. 循环；流通；传阅
3. recollection n. 回忆；记忆；
4. rambling adj. 不着边际的；语无伦次的
5. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
6. spark v. 鼓舞；引发；招致
7. universal adj. 普遍的；
8. condemnation n. 谴责；职责

Job hunters judged in seconds

Hopeful interviewees expect to be evaluated on their experience, conduct and ideas. But new research shows class bias in recruitments is based on just a few seconds of speech - and those first words can shape the way they are assessed in their competence and fitness for a job.

1. interviewee n. 被会见者
2. evaluate v. 对…作评价
3. conduct v. 实施；执行；表现
   • n. 表现；举止；经营方式
4. bias n. 偏见；偏向；偏心
   • v. 使有偏见
5. recruitment n. 招聘
6. access v. 评价；征收；估定；确定
7. competence n. 能力；胜任

The findings demonstrate that people can accurately assess a stranger's socio-economic position, defined by their income, education, and occupation status, based on brief speech patterns. Hiring managers are also influenced by these snap perceptions in ways that favor job applications from higher social classes.

1. demonstrate v. 演示；证明
2. brief n. 指示
   • adj. 短时间的 ；短暂的；简洁的；简单的
3. pattern n. 方式；模式
4. favor v. 赞成；有利于；偏爱
5. perception n. 观念；知觉；感性认识

Researchers found that reciting seven random words is sufficient to allow people to discern the speaker's social class with above-chance accuracy. The researchers also showed that pronunciation cues in an individual's speech communicate their social status more accurately than the content of their speech.

1. sufficient adj. 足够的；充分的
2. discern v. 识别；察觉出
3. accuracy n. 准确；精确
4. pronunciation n. 发音
5. individual n. 个人
   • adj. 单独的；个别的
6. communicate v. 沟通；传达；传染
7. accurate adj. 正确无误的；精确的
8. content n. 内容；含量
   • v. 满足；满意；知足
   • adj 满足的；满意

Daily Sentence

The years shall run like rabbits, for in my arms I hold the flower of the ages, and the first love of the world.

China launches 6G R&D

China has established two offices to develop 6G, according to the Ministry of Science and Technology on Wednesday, kicking off the competition for the next-generation cellular data service that comes after the super-fast 5G.

1. establish v. 建立；确立

The ministry said on its website that one of the offices consists of government agencies responsible for any related policymaking. The other is composed of 37 experts from colleges, research academies and enterprises, who are expected to advise policymakers, it said.

1. enterprise n. 事业单位

Vice-Minister of Science and Technology Wang Xi said worldwide knowledge about the technology is still in an exploratory stage, without consensus over its definitions and applications. He said the ministry will work with related departments to roll out a plan for 6G development, and work toward breakthroughs regarding its basic theories, key technologies and standards.

1. exploratory adj. 探索的；
2. consensus n. 共识
3. regard v. 看待；凝视；将...认为；把...视为；n. 尊重；注意；关心；尊敬

Daily Sentence

Each human being is born as something new, something that never existed before.

Google co-founders step aside

Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin will step down as CEO and president, respectively, of Alphabet, the internet giant's parent company announced on Tuesday. Google chief Sundar Pichai will take over as CEO of Alphabet. Page and Brin will remain on the company's board of directors.

1. respective adj. 分别的；各自的
2. step down 辞职；走下；逐渐降低
3. take over 接管；接收
4. director n. 董事；长官；指导员

"We've never been ones to hold on to management roles when we think there's a better way to run the company. And Alphabet and Google no longer need two CEOs and a president," the pair wrote in an open letter about the management change.

1. management n. 管理；经营；管理部门

"While it has been a tremendous privilege to be deeply involved in the day-to-day management of the company for so long, we believe it's time to assume the role of proud parents - offering advice and love, but not daily nagging!" they wrote.

1. tremendous adj. 巨大的；极大的；极好的；精彩的
2. privilege n. 荣幸；荣耀；v. 给予特权；特别优待
3. assume v. 加上吧；假定；认为；假装
4. nag v. 唠叨；困扰；责骂；n. 唠叨；adj. 纠缠不休的；碎碎念

Page and Brin, who created Google in 1998 while students at Stanford University, have been noticeably absent from Google events in the past year. At the same time, Pichai has taken an increasingly prominent role in representing Alphabet during quarterly earnings calls with investors and in congressional hearings.

1. noticeably adv. 明显的；显著的
2. prominent adj. 重要的；著名的；显眼的
3. investor n. 投资者
4. congressional adj. 立法机构的；代表大会的；

Daily Sentence

The joy of living never comes to the frivolous, the superficial, the selfish.

1. frivolous adj. 轻率的；不务正业的；
2. superficial adj. 肤浅的；

TOEFL, CSE standards linked

China's Standards of English Language Ability, or CSE, the country's first standards for English proficiency, have been linked to the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), which will further promote the international integration of China's foreign language assessment system, according to education authorities.

1. proficiency n. 熟练；精通；能力
2. integration n. 一体化；融合
3. assessment n. 评价；评定
4. authority n. 当局；权威

The National Education Examinations Authority under the Ministry of Education and the Educational Testing Service, who administrates TOEFL tests, jointly released the results of a two-year research effort on aligning the standards and the tests at a news conference on Wednesday.

1. align v. 结盟；

By linking TOEFL test scores to the CSE, for example, a minimum overall score of 37 in TOEFL is equal to CSE Level 4, with the minimum scores of 4 in listening, 7 in reading, 13 in speaking and 13 in writing.

1. overall adv. 全部；总计；n. 外套；adj. 全面的；总体的

Daily Sentence

Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, but bears it out even to the edge of doom.

1. alter v. 更改；修改
2. brief adj. 短暂的；简洁的；简单的
3. bear v 承受；忍受；n. 熊
4. doom n. 厄运；毁灭；劫数；死亡；v. 使...注定失败

Treasure heist at German museum

A manhunt is underway after burglars broke into Green Vault at the Dresden Castle in eastern Germany Monday morning, and took off with jewelry reportedly worth up to a billion euros. Burglars switched off a power supply to the royal palace and broke in through a window.

Once inside, the brazen raiders smashed open cabinets and stole three jewellery ensembles which were commissioned by Saxony's former ruler Augustus the Strong in an 18th-century show of power.

The museum's most valuable jewel, the 41-carat gem known as the Dresden Green Diamond, is safe. It is currently on loan to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Marion Ackermann, director general of the museum, said "the priceless items cannot be sold on the art market legally - they're too well known."

Daily Sentence

Have lots of fun. Try not to hurt anybody in the process.

Your body was forged in the spectacular death of stars

Introduction:

We are all connected by the spectacular birth, death and rebirth of stars, says astrophysicist Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz. Journey through the cosmic history of the universe as Ramirez-Ruiz explains how supernovas forged the elements of life to create everything from the air you breathe to the very atoms that make you.

1. spectacular adj. 壮观的；壮丽的；令人惊叹的
2. cosmic adj. 宇宙的；巨大且重要的
3. forge v. 锻造；促使；锻炼
4. element n. 要素；原理

We are all atomically connected. Fundamentally, universally. But what does that mean? I'm an astrophysicist, and as such, it is my responsibility to trace the cosmic history of every single one of your atoms. In fact, I would say that one of the greatest achievements of modern astronomy is the understanding of how our atoms were actually put together. While hydrogen and helium were made during the first two minutes of the big bang, the origin of heavy elements, such as the iron in your blood, the oxygen we're breathing, the silicone in your computers, lies in the life cycle of stars.

1. atomically adv. 原子级的
2. fundamental adj. 从根本上；基础的
3. astrophysicist adj. 天体物理学家
4. responsibility n. 责任；职责
5. trace v. 追踪；追溯；n. 痕迹；微量
6. origin n. 起源；出身；源头
7. lie v. 趟；存在；欺骗；说谎

Nuclear reactions take lighter elements and transform them into heer ones, and that causes stars to shine and ultimately explode, therefore enriching the universe with these heavy elements. So without stellar death there would be no oxygen or other elements heer than hydrogen and helium, and therefore, there would be no life. There are more atoms in our bodies than stars in the universe. And these atoms are extremely durable. The origins of our atoms can be traceable to stars that manufactured them in their interiors and exploded them all across the Milky Way, billions of years ago. And I should know this, because I am indeed a certified stellar mortician.

1. nuclear adj. 原子能的；
2. reaction n. 反应；
3. untimely adv. 最后；最终
4. enrich v. 丰富；充实；改进
5. atom n. 原子；微粒
6. durable adj. 耐用的；长久的
7. manufacture v. 制造；捏造
8. interior n. 内部；
9. certified adj. 被证明了的

And today, I want to take you on a journey that starts in a supernova explosion and ends with the air that we're breathing right now. So what is our body made of? Ninety-six percent consists of only four elements: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Now the main character of this cosmic tale is oxygen. Not only is the vast majority of our bodies made of oxygen, but oxygen is the one element fighting to protect life on earth. The vast majority of oxygen in the universe was indeed produced over the entire history of the universe in these supernova explosions. These supernova explosions signal the demise of very massive stars. And for a brilliant month, one supernova explosion can be brighter than an entire galaxy containing billions of stars. That is truly remarkable.

1. vast adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；大量的
2. majority n. 大多数；大部分；多数票
3. signal n. 信号；标志；v. 标志；预示；adj. 重大的；
4. demise n. 死亡；逝世；
5. massive adj. 巨大的；
6. remarkable adj. 非凡的；奇异的；显著的

That is because massive stars burn brighter and have a spectacular death, compared to other stars. Nuclear fusion is really the lifeblood of all stars, including the sun, and as a result is the root source of all the energy on earth. You can think of stars as these fusion factories which are powered by smashing atoms together in their hot and dense interiors. Now, stars like our sun, which are relatively small, burn hydrogen into helium, but heer stars of about eight times the mass of the sun continue this burning cycle even after they exhausted their helium in their cores.

1. smashing adj. 非常好的；十分愉悦的
2. relatively adj. 相当程度上的
3. exhausted adj. 精疲力尽的；耗尽的

So at this point, the massive star is left with a carbon core, which, as you know, is the building block of life. This carbon core continues to collapse and as a result, the temperature increases, which allows further nuclear reactions to take place, and carbon then burns into oxygen, into neon, silicon, sulphur and ultimately iron. And iron is the end. Why? Because iron is the most bound nuclei in the universe, which means that we cannot extract energy by burning iron. So when the entire core of the massive star is made of iron, it's run out of fuel. And that's an incredibly bad day for a star.

1. collapse v. 崩溃；折叠；坍塌；n. 坍塌；崩溃
2. bound v. 形成...的边界；adj. 一定会；受约束
3. extract v. 提取；摘录；提炼；获得；n. 提取物；摘录
4. incredible adj. 非常；及其；难以置信的

Without fuel, it cannot generate heat, and therefore grty has won the battle. The iron core has no other choice but to collapse, reaching incredibly high densities. Think of 300 million tons reduced to a space the size of a sugar cube. At these extreme high densities, the core actually resists collapse, and as a result, all of this infalling material bounces off the core. And this dramatic bounce, which happens in a fraction of a second or so, is responsible for ejecting the rest of the star in all directions, ultimately forming a supernova explosion. So, sadly, from the perspective of an astrophysicist, the conditions in the centers of these exploding stars cannot be recreated in a laboratory.

1. generate v. 产生；引起
2. heat n. 热；温度
3. density n. 密度
4. laboratory n. 实验室

Now, thankfully for humanity, we're not able to do that. But what does that mean? That means that as astrophysicists, we have to rely on sophisticated computer simulations in order to understand these complex phenomena. These simulations can be used to really understand how gas behaves under such extreme conditions. And can be used to answer fundamental questions like, "What ultimately disrupted the massive star?" "How is it that this implosion can be reversed into an explosion?" There's a huge amount of debate in the field, but we all agree that neutrinos, which are these elusive elementary particles, play a crucial role. Yeah? I'm about to show you one of those simulations.

1. sophisticated adj. 见多识广的；老练的；复杂巧妙的
2. simulation n. 模拟；
3. phenomenon n. 现象；事件
4. disrupt v. 破坏
5. reverse v. 逆转；反向；反转；n. 反向；相反；adj. 相反的

So neutrinos are produced in huge numbers once the core collapses. And in fact, they are responsible for transferring the energy in this core. Like thermal radiation in a heater, neutrinos pump energy into the core, increasing the possibility of disrupting the star. In fact, for about a fraction of a second, neutrinos pump so much energy that the pressure increases high enough that a shock wave is produced and the shock wave goes and disrupts the entire star. And it is in that shock wave where elements are produced. So thank you, neutrinos.

1. transfer v. 转移；转让；n. 转移；转让

Supernovas shine bright, and for a brief period of time, they radiate more energy than the sun will in its entire lifetime. That point of light that you see there, which was certainly not there before, burns like a beacon, clearly indicating the position where the massive star has died. In a galaxy like our own Milky Way, we estimate that about once every 50 years, a massive star dies. This implies that somewhere in the universe, there's a supernova explosion every second or so. And thankfully for astronomers, some of them are actually found relatively close to earth.

1. brief adj. 短时间的；短暂的；简洁的；n. 指示；v. 给指示；向（某人）介绍
2. beacon n. 灯塔
3. indicate v. 指示；指出；需要（治疗）；象征；暗示；
4. estimate v. 估计；估算；估价
5. imply v. 暗示；包含

Various civilizations recorded these supernova explosions long before the telescope was invented. The most famous of all of them is probably the supernova explosion that gave rise to the Crab Nebula. Yeah? Korean and Chinese astronomers recorded this supernova in 1054, as did, almost certainly, Native Americans. This supernova happened about 5,600 light-years away from earth. And it was so incredibly bright that astronomers could see it during the day. And it was visible to the naked eye for about two years in the night sky.

Fast forward 1,000 years or so later, and what do we see? We see these filaments that were blasted by the explosion, moving at 300 miles per second. These filaments are essential for us to understand how massive stars die. The image that you see there was assembled by the Hubble Space Telescope over a span of three months.

1. essential adj. 必不可少的；n. 要点；要素
2. assemble v. 聚集；集合；组装

And it is incredibly important to astronomers because it ultimately carries the chemical legacy of the star that exploded. The orange filaments that you see there are the tattered remains of the star, and are made primarily of hydrogen, while the blue and red filaments that you see are the freshly synthesized oxygen. So studying supernova remnants, like the Crab Nebula, allowed astronomers to firmly conclude that the vast majority of oxygen on earth was produced by supernova explosions over the history of the universe. And we can estimate that in order to assemble all the atoms of oxygen in our body, it took on the order of a 100 million supernova. So every bit of you, or at least the majority of it, came from one of these supernova explosions.

1. incredible adj. 难以置信的；极好的；极大的
2. legacy n. 遗产；
3. remain v. 逗留；剩余；遗留；n. 遗迹；遗留
4. tattered adj. 破烂的；破旧的
5. firmly adv. 坚定的；坚固的；
6. conclude v. 断定；达成；得出结论
7. estimate v. 估计；估算

So now you may be wondering, how is it that these atoms that were generated in such extreme conditions ultimately took residence in our body? So I want you to follow the thought experiment. Imagine that we're in the Milky Way, and a supernova happens. It blasted tons and tons of oxygen atoms almost into empty space. A few of them were able to be assembled in a cloud. Now, 4.5 billion years ago, something unsettled that cloud and caused it to collapse, forming the sun in its center and the solar system. So the sun, the planets and life on earth depend on this beautiful cycle of stellar birth, stellar death and stellar rebirth. And this continues the recycling of atoms in the universe. And as a result, astronomy and chemistry are intimately connected.

1. generate v. 产生
2. residence n. 居所；住所
3. intimately adv. 紧密的

We are life forms that have evolved to inhale the waste products of plants. But now you know that we also inhale the waste products of supernova explosions. So take a moment, inhale. An oxygen atom has just gone into your body. It is certain that that oxygen [atom] remembers that it was in the interior of a star and it was probably manufactured by a supernova explosion. This atom may have traveled the entire solar system until it splashed on earth, long before reaching you. When we breathe, we use hundreds of liters of oxygen every day. So I'm incredibly lucky to be standing in front of this beautiful audience, but I'm actually stealing your oxygen atoms.

1. form n. 形态；方式；v. 形成；构成
2. evolve v. 进化；发展
3. inhale v. 吸入；

And because I'm speaking to you, I'm giving you some of them back, that once resided in me. So breathing, yeah, participates in this beautiful exchange of atoms. And you can then ask, "Well, how many atoms in our body once belonged to Frida Kahlo?" About 100,000 of them. 100,000 more probably belonged to Marie Curie, 100,000 more to Sally Ride, or whoever you want to think of. So breathing is not only filling our lungs with cosmic history, but with human history.

I would like to end my talk by sharing a myth that is very close to my heart. A myth from the Chichimeca culture, which is a very powerful Mesoamerican culture. And the Chichimecas believe that our essence was assembled in the heavens. And on its journey towards us, it actually fragmented into tons of different pieces. So my abuelo used to say, "One of the reasons you feel incomplete is because you are missing your pieces." "But don't be fooled by that. You've been given an incredible opportunity of growth. Why? Because it's not like those pieces were scattered on earth and you have to go and pick them up. No, those pieces fell into other people. And only by sharing them you will become more complete. Yes, during your life, there's going to be individuals that have these huge pieces that make you feel whole. But in your quest of being complete, you have to treasure and share every single one of those pieces." Sounds a lot like the story of oxygen to me.

1. essence n. 本质；
2. fragment v. 使成碎片
3. incomplete adj. 不完整的
4. scattered adj. 分散的；零散的
5. individual adj. 独立的

Which started in the heavens in a supernova explosion, and continues today, within the confines of our humanity. Our atoms in our body have embarked on an epic odyssey, with time spans from billions of years to mere centuries, all leading to you, all of you, witnesses of the universe. Thank you.

1. confine n. 范围；界限；边界
2. epic adj. 史诗般的
3. Odyssey n. 艰苦的跋涉
4. span v. 跨越；持续；贯穿；n. 跨度；范围
5. witness n. 证人；证据；v. 目击；证实；证明

Daily Sentence

I am not on the side of the evil, if such a thing as evil abounds.

It's Halloween

From early childhood getting dressed up is connected with a special pastime in North America, called Halloween. Halloween is celebrated on the last night of October, when the air is crisp and snow is not far off. Every young child is acquainted with this exciting tradition. On the last day when dinner is finished, children hurry to dress up a costume. Darkness comes early at this time of year and caution must be practiced, foremost by children who are going from house to house, "trick or treat".

1. pastime n. 消遣；休闲活动
2. crisp adj. 酥脆的；清新的；n. 炸薯片；水果酥；
3. acquaint v. 使熟悉；使了解
4. costume n. 服装；衣服；戏服
5. caution n. 谨慎；小心
6. practiced adj. 精通的；熟练的
7. foremost adj. 最重要的；最著名的
8. trick n. 技巧；诡计；v. 欺诈；
9. treat v. 治疗；处理；n. 乐趣

Parents warn their children not to dart out in front of cars. In all the excitement it is easy for children to become distracted and ignore safety rules. Planning what your costume will be, ahead of time, is part of the fun of the evening. Many mothers will spend time fabricating outfits for their girls who suddenly turn into circus clowns, beautiful ballet dancers or weird colorful bugs. Fathers may help their sons construct a costume of foil armor. Little boys often enjoy pretending they are in the army so on Halloween it is possible to see squads of lieutenants and sergeants marching along the dark.

1. dart v. 冲到；突进
2. distract v. 转移（注意力）；分散（**）
3. fabricate v. 制作；伪造；组成
4. outfit n. 服装；v. 配备
5. circus n. 马戏团
6. construct v. 制造；制作；修建；n. 概念
7. foil n. 金属箔
8. armor n. 盔甲
9. pretend v. 假装；装作
10. squad n. 小组；小队
11. march v. 进军；前进；n. 行进；行军；

We affiliate this celebration with the supernatural so some children may choose to wear a skeleton costume bearing a skull and crossbones, or even a monster costume. The choice of wardrobe for the evening is really limitless. Witches can be seen riding on broomsticks across well-illuminated intersections. Earlier in the evening they may have concocted a witch's brew to quench their thirst for their arrival home.

1. affiliate n. 分支机构；分会；v. 紧密相连；
2. skeleton n. 骨架；
3. bear v. 承受；忍受
4. wardrobe n. 衣柜；衣橱；衣服
5. limitless adj. 无限制的；
6. intersection n. 相交；十字路口
7. concoct v. 编织；编造
8. brew n. 啤酒；
9. quench v. 扑灭；熄灭；解（渴）

Ghosts can be heard groaning and moaning while they glide along city streets. Beautiful butterflies flutter by on their way to a party. Pirates carrying swords and pistols roam about, patches over one eye. Small aliens search for a new home here on Earth. Wearing a cape and mask allows a child to become Superman for a few hours and enter the world of fantasy.

1. ghost n. 鬼魂；
2. groan v. 呻吟；
3. glide v. 游荡；滑翔；n.

An ethnic flavor is introduced as a band of gypsies dance along under a bright full of moon. Of course you can always see a certain number of Native American costumes, the buckskin jackets and dresses decorated with fringe and beads. Some youngsters choose to decorate only their faces with grease paint instead of wearing masks. In many ways this is safer for a child making visibility clearer. At the same time a mask allows them to remain anonymous to all but their closet friends.

1. ethnic adj. 民族的；种族的；n. 少数名族的人
2. flavor n. 风味；滋味；气味；v. 给...调味
3. introduce v. 介绍；引进；开始
4. grease n. 油脂；油彩；
5. mask n. 面罩；面具
6. visibility n. 视野；能见度；
7. remain v. 保留；
8. anonymous adj. 不知姓名的；匿名的；

Usually on the night before Halloween, family members gather together to carve a pumpkin. On Halloween night the candle lit face of the pumpkin shines from each home welcoming the little ghosts and goblins to call. Parents usually escort small children around their own neighborhood helping to keep them safe. Small children only visit random houses, their parent's friends mostly, while older children knock at every door. Crowding onto the front porch of the house the children rap at the door and chant the refrain "trick or treat."

1. carve v. 雕刻；
2. pumpkin n. 南瓜；
3. candle n. 蜡烛
4. ghost n. 鬼；灵魂
5. goblin n. 妖魔
6. escort v. 护送；护卫
7. random adj. 随意的；不认识的；出人意料的
8. rap v. 敲击；击打

Householders distribute candies, apples, peanuts, or any edible treat into decorated wooden six quart baskets, or plastic bags. They may be asked to recite a poem or sing a song before receiving their treat. Some lucky children may receive cookies from a freshly baked batch of chocolate chip cookies. On arriving home the children will dump all the junk candy out onto the floor to examine their loot. Usually there is a great racket as brothers and sisters compare what goodies they have collected. Adults, too, like to join in Halloween celebrations by attending small house parties or large group gatherings at halls or arenas.

1. distribute v. 分发；分配；
2. edible adj. 可食用的；
3. recite v. 朗诵；
4. dump v. 倾倒；抛弃；抛售
5. examine v. 检查；审查；
6. loot n. 战利品；掠夺
7. racket V. 吵闹；n. 喧哗；吵闹

They may play the old traditional games such as bobbing for apples, which float in tubs of water, telling ghost stories and visiting a haunted house. Everyone seems to get enjoyment from being slightly afraid. If you live in the country the hooting of an owl or even the howl of a wolf underlines the spooky atmosphere of Halloween evening. Clouds scuttle the face of the moon and the flap of a bird's wings can be heard as it settles on the bare branches of a tree. Eyes gleam in the night as a black cat crosses your path.

1. float v. 浮；浮动；
2. tub n. 木盆
3. haunted adj. 闹鬼的；忧心忡忡的
4. underline v. 强调；
5. spooky adj. 怪异的；阴森的
6. gleam v. 闪烁；发光；n. 闪光

Bats swoop about in the dark startling those who are nervous. On this evening it is not necessary to be extravagant to have a good time. A little imagination and a sense of fun will create a memory of Halloween night for many years.

1. swoop v. 俯冲；
2. startle v. 使惊讶；使吓一跳
3. extravagant adj. 奢华的；挥霍的；铺张浪费的；

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

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The Importance of Building Trust Between Teachers and Students

A good relationship between a teacher and a student can have major influence on a kid's development, and trust is crucial and indispensable in maintaining the relationship.

To begin with, only when a student believes in his or her teacher is he or she willing to learn from the teacher or look to the teacher for guidance and support. In reality, too many students are weary of study and even drop out of school only because they dislike their teachers, which transform their whole life. Besides, a teacher who has the full trust of his or her students is more motivated to help them improve the consciousness and initiative of leaning , which in turn benefits the students most. However, the credibility between teachers and students is not something that can he built in a day. On the one hand, teachers should comprehend the students' actual and offer timely help. On the other hand, students should always be respectful to their teachers.

All in all, trust in a teacher-student relationship is a must to achieve effective teaching an learning.

1. crucial adj. 至关重要的
2. indispensable adj. 必不可少的；
3. maintain v. 维护；保持；坚持
4. weary v. 使疲劳；使疲倦；adj. 疲惫的；不感兴趣的；
5. transform v. 改变；
6. motivate v. 激励；激发；
7. consciousness n. 意识；知觉；观念
8. initiative n. 倡议；主动性；
9. credibility n. 信赖；可信度
10. comprehend n. 理解；懂得

Section A

Did Sarah Josepha Hale write "Mary's Little Lamb," the eternal nursery rhyme (儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it's clear that the woman 26K for writing it was one of America's most fascinating 27C . In honor of the poem's publication on May 24, 1830, here's more about the 28M author's life.
Hale wasn't just a writer, she was also a 29E social advocate, and she was particularly 30H with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had "a deep moral influence." She began a nationwide 31A to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32N festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a 33I setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.
The true authorship of "Mary's Little Lamb" is disputed. According to the New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34F by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 35L of her life that "some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem".

1. eternal adj. 不朽的；永恒的
2. nursery n. 婴儿室；adj. 幼儿教育的
3. stubborn adj. 固执的；顽固的
4. lamb n. 羔羊；小羊
5. disputed adj. 有争论的
6. advocate v. 提倡；拥护；支持；n. 拥护者；支持者
7. abundant adj. 大量的；丰盛的；
8. issue v. 发出；公布
9. bystander n. 旁观者；

A) campaign B) career C) characters D) features E) fierce F) inspired G) latter H) obsessed I) proclamation J) rectified K) reputed L) rest M) supposed N) traditional O) versatile

1. campaign n. 战役；运动；
2. character n. 人物；角色
3. feature n. 特点；特色；
4. fierce adj. 狂热的；凶狠的
5. inspired adj. 品质优秀的；能力卓越的
6. obsess v. 使痴迷；使迷恋
7. proclamation n. 宣告；声明；公布
8. rectify v. 改正；修正
9. reputed adj. 普遍认为的；
10. suppose v. 假设；假象
11. versatile adj. 多才多艺的；多方面的；多用的

Section B

Grow Plants Without Water

A) Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we’ve faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has consequences: South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades—will cost at least a quarter of its corn crop this year.

1. fortune n. 命运；运气；财产；幸运；v. 给...带来幸运；偶然遇见
2. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
3. irrigation n. 灌溉
4. consequence n. 后果；影响
5. drought n. 干旱
6. corn n. 玉米
7. crop n. 产量；农作物

B) Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable. "The type of farming I'm aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry," Farrant says.

1. trait n. 特征；
2. rare adj. 稀少的；稀罕的
3. adapt v. 改编；改写；适应

C) Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa, steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.

1. fierce adj. 凶猛的；狂热的；
2. expose v. 暴露；揭露；
3. endure v. 忍受；忍耐

D) Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During months without water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.

1. harsh adj. 残酷的；恶劣的
2. whither v. 枯萎；凋谢
3. tape n. 磁带
4. reverse v. 倒带；颠倒；倒车

E) The big difference between "drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term "drought tolerant" to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought resistant.

1. store v. 保存；存储
2. consume v. 消耗；
3. tolerant adj. 忍受的；容忍的
4. resistant adj. 抵抗的；

F) Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is "the most stable state that the plant can maintain," Farrant says. That slows the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.

1. capable adj. 有能力；
2. detect v. 发现；查明；侦查出
3. extend v. 拓展；延长
4. property n. 特征；属性
5. stable adj. 稳定的
6. evaporate v. 蒸发

G) What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seeds—almost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied "recalcitrant seeds (顽拗性种子)," such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate—they cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout (发芽). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.

1. trick n. 技巧；诡计；v. 诈骗；欺骗
2. career n. 职业；生涯
3. seed n. 种子

H) After completing her Ph. D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient (迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants' response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops. "Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes," Farrant says. "We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch."

1. investigate v. 调查；研究、
2. isolate v. 将...剔除；使分离
3. regulate v. 调节；控制
4. attach v. 重视；把...固定；认为有重要意义；附着；系
5. regulate v. 规定；校准

I) Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful crops. "I'm trying three methods of breeding," Farrant says: conventional, genetic modification and gene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails： "I'm giving people an option."
J) Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail South African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas—so far mostly done in the lab—on test plots.

1. resurrection n. 复兴；复活
2. candidate n. 候选人；理想对象

K) Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not use dryness defenses already. For instance, there's a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety. "The yield is never going to be high," Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa. "My vision is for the subsistence farmer," Farrant says. "I'm targeting crops that are of African value."

1. defense n. 防御措施
2. instance n. 例子；v. 为...举例子
3. regular n. 常客；老主顾；adj. 有规律的；
4. establish v. 创立；建立；
5. subsistence n. 勉强维持生活

36. There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.

37. Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them in crops.

38. Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially inconsistent rainfall.

39. Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.

40. Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather, they cannot survive a prolonged drought.

41. Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.

42. Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe, but once this process starts, it cannot be held back.

43. Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that can survive extreme dryness by studying the traits of rare wild plants.

44. By adjusting their metabolism, resurrection plants can recover from an extended period of drought.

45. Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.

1. tactic n. 策略；战术
2. cope v. 对付；竞争；处理
3. prolonged adj. 拖延的；持久的；长期的
4. resistance n. 阻力；阻止；反抗；抵制
5. modification n. 修改；
6. ripe adj. 成熟的；
7. cultivate v. 培养；栽培
8. trait n. 特征
9. extend v. 延长；扩大
10. resurrection n. 复活；复苏

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

**目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更多的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间。相对飞机而言，高铁列车的突出优势在于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了**人的生活方式。如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。

China now has the largest and fastest high-speed rail network in the world. The speed of the CRH (China Railway High-Speed) train will continue to increase and more cities will build high-speed rail stations, The CRH has greatly reduced people's travel time. Compared with the airplane, the outstanding advantage of the CRH train is punctuality, because it is basically not affected by weather or traffic control. It has transformed the way people live and become the favorite option for business travelers today. More and more people also travel by CRH train during holidays. Many young people choose to work in one city but live in a nearly one since they can commute by CRH train every day.

1. outstanding adj. 杰出的；显著的
2. commute v. 上下班往返

Daily Sentence

It's requires only direction, honesty and focus.

Bright Simons: To help solve global problems, look to developing countries

Introduction:

To address the problem of counterfeit goods, African entrepreneurs like Bright Simons have come up with innovative and effective ways to confirm products are genuine. Now he asks: Why aren't these solutions everywhere? From password-protected medicines to digitally certified crops, Simons demonstrates the power of local ideas -- and calls on the rest of the world to listen up.

I am an ideas activist. That means I fight for ideas I believe in to have their place in the sun, regardless of which side of the equator they were born. As well I should. I myself am from that part of the world often euphemistically referred to as either "the Global South" or "the developing world." But let's be blunt about it: when we say those words, what we really mean is the poor world -- those corners of the world with ready-made containers for the hand-me-down ideas of other places and other people.

1. activist n. 积极分子；活跃分子
2. equator n. 赤道
3. refer v. 提到；引用；认为；指示
4. blunt v. 使减弱；使衰弱；adj. 直言的
5. container n. 容器；
6. hand-me-down 旧的

But I'm here to depart a little bit from the script and to try and convince you that these places are actually alive and bubbling with ideas. My real issue is: Where do I even start? So maybe Egypt, Alexandria, where we meet Rizwan. When he walks outside his souk, walks into a pharmacy for heart medicine that can prevent the blood in his arteries from clotting, he confronts the fact that, despite a growing epidemic that currently accounts for 82 percent of all deaths in Egypt, it is the medicines that can address these conditions that counterfeiters, ever the evil geniuses they are, have decided to target. Counterfeiters making knockoff medicines.

1. depart v. 离去；偏离；消失
2. script n. 剧本；稿子；脚本
3. convince v. 使确信
4. bubble v. 冒泡；沸腾；n. 气泡；泡沫
5. issue v. 公布；发表；发布；n. 发行；
6. pharmacy n. 药房；
7. artery n. 动脉
8. clot v. 凝固
9. confront v. 面对；
10. epidemic n. 流行病；传染病；adj. 传染性的；流行性的
11. address v. 演说；处理（问题）；n. 演说；地址
12. genius n. 天才
13. target n. 目标；靶子；v. 面向；把...作为目标
14. knockoff n. 冒牌货

Luckily for Rizwan, my team and I, wong in partnership with the largest pharmaceutical company in Africa, have placed unique codes -- think of them like one-time passwords -- on each pack of the best-selling heart medicine in Egypt. So when Rizwan buys heart medicine, he can key in these one-time passwords to a toll-free short code that we've set up on all the telecom companies in Egypt for free. He gets a message -- call it the message of life -- which reassures him that this medicine is not one of the 12 percent of all medicines in Egypt that are counterfeits.

1. partnership n. 伙伴关系；合作
2. pharmaceutical adj. 制药的
3. pack n. 包装；v. 包装；打包
4. reassure v. 使放心；向...保证

From the gorgeous banks of the Nile, we glide into the beautiful Rift Valley of Kenya. In Narok Town, we meet Ole Lenku, salt-of-the-earth fellow. When he walks into an agrodealer's shop, all he wants is certified and proper cabbage seeds that, if he were to plant them, will yield a harvest rich enough that he can pay for the school fees of his children. That's all he wants. Unfortunately, by the reckoning of most international organizations, 40 percent of all the seeds sold in Eastern and Southern Africa are of questionable quality, sometimes outrightly fake. Luckily for Ole, once again, our team has been at work, and, wong with the leading agriculture regulator in Kenya, we've digitized the entire certification process for seeds in that country, every seed -- millet, sorghum, maize -- such that when Ole Lenku keys in a code on a packet of millet, he's able to retrieve a digital certificate that assures him that the seed is properly certified.

1. gorgeous adj. 漂亮的；美丽的
2. certified adj. 被证明了的
3. proper adj. 非常好
4. reckoning n. 计算；估算
5. fake v. 伪造；假装；n. 假货
6. regulator n. 监管机构；
7. retrieve v. 找回；取回

From Kenya, we head to Noida in India, where the irrepressible Ambika is holding on very fast to her dream of becoming an elite athlete, safe in the knowledge that because of our ingredients rating technology, she's not going to ingest something accidentally, which will mess up her doping tests and kick her out of the sports she loves.

1. irrepressible adj. 情绪高涨的；劲头十足的
2. elite n. 精英

Finally, we alight in Ghana, my own home country, where another problem needs addressing -- the problem of under-vaccination or poor-quality vaccination. You see, when you put some vaccines into the bloodstream of an infant, you are giving them a lifetime insurance against dangerous diseases that can cripple them or kill them. Sometimes, this is for a lifetime. The problem is that vaccines are delicate organisms really, and they need to be stored between two degrees and eight degrees. And if you don't do that, they lose their potency, and they no longer confer the immunity the child deserves. Wong with computer vision scientists, we've converted simple markers on the vials of vaccines into what you might regard as crude thermometers. So then, these patterns change slowly over time in response to temperature until they leave a distinct pattern on the surface of the vaccine, such that a nurse, with a scan of the phone, can detect if the vaccine was stored properly in the right temperature and therefore is still good for use before administering this to the child -- literally securing the next generation.

1. delicate adj. 脆弱的
2. potency n. 效力；
3. confer v. 授予
4. immunity n. 免疫力
5. convert v. 转换；改造
6. marker n. 标记
7. crude adj. 粗糙的；粗略的
8. thermometer n. 温度计
9. distinct adj. 明显的；清晰的
10. administer v. 管理；治理；实施
11. literally adv. 字面上
12. secure v. 保证

These are some of the solutions at work saving lives, redeeming societies, in these parts of the world. But I would remind you that there are powerful ideas behind them, and I'll recap a few. One, that social trust is not the same as interpersonal trust. Two, that the division between consumption and regulation in an increasingly interdependent world is no longer viable. And three, that decentralized autonomy, regardless of what our blockchain enthusiasts in the West -- whom I respect a lot -- say, are not as important as reinforcing social accountability feedback loops. These are some of the ideas.

1. redeem v. 挽回；偿还
2. interpersonal adj. 人际关系的
3. consumption n. 消耗；
4. regulation n. 监管；消费
5. interdependent adj. 相互依存的
6. reinforce v. 加固；加强
7. accountability n. 责任
8. loop n. 循环

Now, every time I go somewhere and I give this speech and I make these comments and I provide these examples, people say, "If these ideas are so damn brilliant, why aren't they everywhere? I've never heard of them." I want to assure you, the reason why you have not heard of these ideas is exactly the point I made in the beginning. And that is that there are parts of the world whose good ideas simply don't scale because of the latitude on which they were born. I call that "mental latitude imperialism."

1. scale n. 秤；范围；v. 攀登

That really is the reason. But you may counter and say, "Well, maybe it's an important problem, but it's sort of an obscure problem in parts of the world. Why do you want to globalize such problems? I mean, they are better local." What if, in response, I told you that actually, underlying each of these problems that I've described is a fundamental issue of the breakdown of trust in markets and institutions, and that there's nothing more global, more universal, closer to you and I than the problem of trust. For example, a quarter of all the seafood marketed in the US is falsely labeled. So when you buy a tuna or salmon sandwich in Manhattan, you are eating something that could be banned for being toxic in Japan. Literally. Most of you have heard of a time when horsemeat was masquerading as beef in burger patties in Europe? You have. What you don't know is that a good chunk of these fake meat patties were also contaminated with cadmium, which can damage your kidneys. This was Europe. Many of you are aware of plane crashes and you worry about plane crashes, because every now and then, one of them intrudes into your consciousness. But I bet you don't know that a single investigation uncovered one million counterfeit incidents in the aeronautical supply chain in the US.

1. counter n. 对立面；反驳者；计算器；柜台；v. 反驳；抵制；抵消；adj. 逆向的；相反的；相对的
2. obscure n. 朦胧；黑夜；adj. 无名的；鲜为人知的；v. 使朦胧
3. fundamental n. 基础；adj. 根本的
4. toxic adj. 有毒的
5. masquerade v. 伪装
6. intrude v. 闯入
7. investigation n. 调查
8. counterfeit v. 假冒；模仿

So this is a global problem, full stop. It's a global problem. The only reason we are not addressing it with the urgency it deserves is that the best solutions, the most advanced solutions, the most progressive solutions, are, unfortunately, in parts of the world where solutions don't scale. And that is why it is not surprising that attempts to create this same verification models for pharmaceuticals are now a decade behind in the USA and Europe, while it's already available in Nigeria. A decade, and costing a hundred times more. And that is why, when you walk into a Walgreens in New York, you cannot check the source of your medicine, but you can in Maiduguri in Northern Nigeria. That is the reality.

1. progressive adj. 进步的；先进的

That is the reality. So we go back to the issue of ideas. Remember, solutions are merely packaged ideas, so it is the ideas that are most important. In a world where we marginalize the ideas of the Global South, we cannot create globally inclusive problem-solving models. Now, you might say, "Well, that's bad, but in such a world where we have so many other problems, do we need another cause?" I say yes, we need another cause. Actually, that cause will surprise you: the cause of intellectual justice. You say, "What? Intellectual justice? In a world of human rights abuses?" And I explain this way: all the solutions to the other problems that affect us and confront us need solutions. So you need the best ideas to address them. And that is why today I ask you, can we all give it one time for intellectual justice?

1. merely adv. 仅仅
2. marginalize v. 排斥；使边缘化
3. intellectual n. 智力的；
4. justice n. 公平；正义
5. abuse n. 滥用；虐待；v. 虐待；弊端；误用

Daily Sentence

God bless and keep you all safe for me.

Univs to be hit by strikes

Around 1 million students at 60 UK universities will have their studies interrupted in the coming weeks as a dispute between the institutions and their staff over pay and pensions boils down to strike action. The strikes will impact 8 days, between Nov 25 and Dec 4 and see university lecturers and support staff who are members of the University and College Union walk off the job.

1. dispute n 纠纷；争端；争论；v. 争论；争执
2. institution n. 制度；
3. staff n. 全体员工；拐杖；v. 在...工作
4. pension n. 养老金；补助费
5. strike n. 罢工；打击；袭击；v. 罢工
6. lecturer n. 讲师

Jo Grady, general secretary of the University and College Union, said: "The first wave of strikes will hit universities later this month unless the employers start talking to us seriously about how they are going to deal with rising pension costs and declining pay and conditions." Universities set to be hit by the strikes include Oxford, University College London, Cardiff University, and the University of Manchester.

1. condition n. 条件；情况；疾病；v. 决定；护理
2. decline n. 下降；v. 下降；衰退；减少

US wealth gap widening

The historic economic expansion in the US has so enriched one-percenters they now hold almost as much wealth as the middle- and upper-middle classes combined. The top 1% of American households have enjoyed huge returns in the stock market in the past decade, to the point that they now control more than half of the equity in US public and private companies, according to data from the Federal Reserve.

1. historic adj. 历史上有名的；
2. expansion n. 扩张；膨胀
3. combine v. 组合；合并；兼备；
4. stock n. 股票；库存
5. equity n. 公平；公正；股本

Those fat portfolios have America's elite gobbling up an ever-bigger piece of the pie. The very richest had assets of about $35.4 trillion in the second quarter, or just shy of the $36.9 trillion held by the tens of millions of people who make up the 50th percentile to the 90th percentile of Americans - much of the middle and upper-middle classes.

1. portfolio n. 纸夹；文件包；公文包；投资组合
2. elite n. 精英
3. gobble n. 狼吞虎咽；任意花完
4. asset n. 资产
5. percentile n. 百分比的
6. class n. 阶层；等级

Daily Sentence

We can take the mysterious, hazy future and carve out of it anything that we can imagine, just as a sculptor carves a statue from a shapeless stone.

1. hazy adj. 朦胧的；模糊的
2. cave v. 雕刻；艰苦营业
3. sculptor n. 雕刻家
4. shapeless adj. 不成形的；无定形的；不好看的

Cambodia bans elephant rides

One of Asia's most famous tourist attractions is taking a major stand for animals. Following pressure from animal activist groups, Apsara, the management authority for the Angkor Archaeological Park in Siem Reap, Cambodia announced in June 2019 it would ban elephant rides in early 2020. Now, the process has already begun.

1. attraction n. 景点
2. authority n. 权威；权利；当局；授权

In 2016, an elephant named Sambo died at Angkor, drawing worldwide attention. Her death was blamed on a combination of heat stroke and exhaustion from ferrying so many human beings around. The local outlet the Khmer Times reported that two of the 14 elephants currently at the park, site of the famed Angkor Wat temple, have been relocated to the nearby Bos Thom community forest.

1. heat stroke 中暑
2. exhaustion n. 枯竭；耗尽；精疲力竭
3. ferry n. 运送；接送；n.
4. relocate n. 运送；调动

"The elephant is a big animal, but it is also gentle and we don't want to see the animals being used for tourism activities anymore," said Long Kosal, an Apsara press representative. "We want them to live in their natural surroundings."

1. representative n. 典型的；有代表性的；

Telegraph owners to put newspapers up for sale

10/27/2019

The billionaire owners of the Daily Telegraph and the Sunday Telegraph are to put both titles up for sale.

Sir Frederick and Sir David Barclay are understood to be reviewing all of their key assets, which includes the Telegraph Media Group.

Figures published on 17 October showed TMG's profit for the last financial year was £900,000 - a 94 per cent drop on the previous financial year.

The Barclay twins, who bought the paper in 2004, have declined to comment. The news of the sale first reported by the Times.

Points:

1. billionaire n. 亿万富翁
   • millionaire n. 百万富翁
2. telegraph n. 电报
   • tele-词根：远的
   • telescope n. 望远镜
3. put up for sale: 挂牌出售；寻找卖家
   • The painter is going to put all of his collections and paintings up for sale.
4. Sir: [头衔名词]爵士（用于男爵或准男爵的前面）
5. be understood to do sth.: 据了解...
6. review vt. 盘点，回顾，复盘
   • performance review: 业绩回顾，绩效评审
   • business review: 商业复盘
7. asset n. 资产
8. financial year: 财年
9. decline to comment: 不予置评

Daily Sentence

Maybe you can't treat her surgically but you still are able to give the love.

1. surgical adj. 外科手术的

Catastrophic bushfire threat

The government of New South Wales, Australia's most populous state, on Monday declared a state of emergency as the Sydney region braced for unprecedented fire conditions. More than 350 schools and colleges will be closed on Tuesday in Sydney and surrounding regions.

1. populous adj. 人口密集的
2. unprecedented adj. 前所未有的

Since Friday, fires have destroyed nearly 1 million hectares of bush and agricultural land in the north of the state. More than 200 homes have been lost, three people killed, dozens injured, and millions of dollars of infrastructure and farm machinery destroyed.

1. hectare n. 公顷
2. bush n. 灌木；
3. agriculture adj. 农业的
4. infrastructure n. 基础设施

The state's Rural Fire Service warned that the Sydney region will face "catastrophic" fire conditions on Tuesday. It is the first time the region has been rated at that fire level since new fire danger ratings were introduced in 2009.

1. catastrophic adj. 灾难性的
2. rate v. 评价；认为；斥责；n. 评价；速度

Daily Sentence

Do not go gentle into that good night.

Part I Writing

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

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How to Balance Job Responsibilities and Personal Interests

In today's highly competitive environment, the heavy workload makes people out of breath and leaves them no time for their hobbies. Therefore, learning to balance job responsibilities and personal interests is of great significance for modern people. Here are some suggestions which can help us advice the balance. In the first place, we should be aware that although work duties are our first priority, it doesn't mean that we cannot explore personal interest. Secondly, it's important to realize that beneficial activities off work help us get relaxed. We can transfer our focus from busy work by reading an interesting book or listening to music, thereby getting out intense nerves calm down. What's more, find enough time to develop our hobbies by finishing the task on time. We should arrange out time reasonably and complete our daily work efficiently, which will give us more freedom to allocate time to purse personal interests.

In sum, it is absolutely do-able to strike a balance between full-time work and personal hobbies as long as we realize the benefit of cultivating interests and the importance of reasonable time arrangement.

1. workload n. 工作量
2. significant adj. 重要性
3. priority n. 优先；优先权；重点
4. thereby adv. 因此
5. intense adj. 很大的；十分强烈的；激烈的
6. nerve n. 神经；勇气；v. 激励
7. allocate v. 拨...给；分配；划分
8. pursue v. 追求；从事；追逐
9. strike v. 罢工；打击；打；n. 罢工；打击；袭击；罢课
10. strike a balance 取得平衡
11. cultivate v. 培养；栽培
12. reasonable adj. 合理的；明智的
13. arrangement n. 安排；布置

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator；it also hurts students who're already struggling to 26 F the material. A new study from Michigan State University, though, argues that all students—including high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.

To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researchers 27 C 500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University. Researchers used ACT scores as a measure of intellectual 28 A Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at 29 E out distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a 30 M decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the academically smartest students are harmed when they're distracted in class.

College professors are increasingly 31 K alarm bells about the effects smartphones, laptops, and tablets have on academic performance. One 2013 study of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptops during class, with the average student checking their digital device 11 times in a 32 O class. A quarter of students report that their use of digital devices during class causes their grades to 33 N.

Professors sometimes implement policies designed to 34 H students' use of digital devices, and world where people are increasingly some instructors even confiscate (没收）tablets and phones. In dependent on their phones, though, such strategies often fail. One international study found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Until students are able to 35 L the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing the web, they may continue to straggle in their classes.

A) aptitude B) eradication C) evaluated D) evaporated E) filtering F) grasp G) legacy H) minimize I) obscure J) obsess K) raising L) resist M) significant N) suffer O) typical

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges after 300 Years

A) Maria Sibylla Merian, like many European women of the 17th century, stayed busy managing a household and rearing children. But on top of that, Merian, a German-born woman who lived in the Netherlands, also managed a successful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist and entomologist (昆虫学家).

B) "She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time talking about," said Kay Etheridge, a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania who has been studying the scientific history of Merian's work. "She didn't do as much to change biology as Charles Darwin, but she was significant. "

C) At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered facts about plants and insects that were not previously known. Her observations helped dismiss the popular belief that insects spontaneously emerged from mud. The knowledge she collected over decades didn't just satisfy those curious about nature, but also provided valuable insights into medicine and science. She was the first to bring together insects and their habitats, including food they ate, into a single ecological composition.

D) After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed descriptions and life-size paintings of familiar insects, in 1699 she sailed with her daughter nearly 5, 000 miles from the Netherlands to South America to study insects in the jungles of what is now known as Suriname. She was 52 years old. The result was her masterpiece, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium.

E) In her work, she revealed a side of nature so exotic, dramatic and valuable to Europeans of the time that she received much acclaim. But a century later, her findings came under scientific criticism. Shoddy（粗糙的）reproductions of her work along with setbacks to women's roles in 18th- and 19th- century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely forgotten. "It was kind of stunning when she sort of dropped off into oblivion（遗忘）," said Dr. Etheridge. "Victorians started putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl out of it."

F) Today, the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged. In recent years, feminists，historians and artists have all praised Merian's tenacity（坚韧）, talent and inspirational artistic compositions. And now biologists like Dr. Etheridge are digging into the scientific texts that accompanied her art. Three hundred years after her death, Merian will be celebrated at an international symposium in Amsterdam this June.

G) And last month, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republished. It contains 60 plates (插图）and original descriptions, along with stories about Merian's life and updated scientific descriptions. Before writing Metamorphosis, Merian spent decades documenting European plants and insects that she published in a series of books. She began in her 20s, making textless, decorative paintings of flowers with insects. "Then she got really serious," Dr. Etheridge said. Merian started raising insects at home, mostly butterflies and caterpillars. "She would sit up all night until they came out of the pupa (桶）so she could draw them," she said.

H) The results of her decades' worth of careful observations were detailed paintings and descriptions of European insects, followed by unconventional visuals and stories of insects and animals from a land that most at the time could only imagine. It's possible Merian used a magnifying glass to capture the detail of the split tongues of sphinx moths (斯芬克斯飞蛾）depicted in the painting. She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube for drinking nectar (花蜜）. Some criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merian wasn't wrong. She may have observed the adult moth just as it emerged from its pupa. For a brief moment during that stage of its life cycle, the tongue consists of two tiny half-tubes before merging into one.

I) It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummingbird, but when Merian did it at the turn of the 18th century, surprisingly, nobody objected. Dr. Etheridge called it revolutionary. The image, which also contained novel descriptions of ants, fascinated a European audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them than the gender of the person who painted it.

J) "All of these things shook up their nice, neat little view," Dr. Etheridge said. But later, people of the Victorian era thought differently. Her work had been reproduced, sometimes incorrectly. A few observations were deemed impossible. "She'd been called a silly woman for saying that a spider could eat a bird," Dr. Etheridge said. But Henry Walter Bates, a friend of Charles Darwin, observed it and put it in book in 1863, proving Merian was correct.

K) In the same plate, Merian depicted and described leaf-cutter ants for the first time. "In America there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom handle in a single night, she wrote in the description. Merian noted how the ants took the leaves below ground to their young. And she wouldn't have known this at the time, but the ants use the leaves to farm fungi (菌类）underground to feed their developing babies.

L) Merian was correct about the giant bird-eating spiders, ants building bridges with their bodies and other details. But in the same drawing, she incorrectly lumped together army and leaf-cutter ants. And instead of showing just the typical pair of eggs in a hummingbird nest, she painted four. She made other mistakes in Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium as well: not every caterpillar and butterfly matched.

M) Perhaps one explanation for her mistakes is that she cut short her Suriname trip after getting sick, and completed the book at home in Amsterdam. And errors are common among some of history's most- celebrated scientific minds, too. "These errors no more invalidate Ms. Merian's work than do well- known misconceptions published by Charles Darwin or Isaac Newton, " Dr. Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focused on the mistakes of her work.

N) Merian's paintings inspired artists and ecologists. In an 1801 drawing from his book, General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw, an English botanist and zoologist, credited Merian for describing a frog in the account of her South American expedition, and named the young tree frog after her in his portrayal of it. It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit. She received assistance naming plants, making sketches and referencing the work of others. Her daughters helped her color her drawings.

O) Merian also made note of the help she received from the natives of Suriname, as well as slaves or servants that assisted her. In some instances she wrote moving passages that included her helpers in descriptions. As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower, "The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded to be well treated, threatening to refuse to have children. In fact, they sometimes take their own lives because they are treated so badly, and because they believe they will be born again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves. "

P) Londa Schiebinger, a professor of the history of science at Stanford University, called this passage rather astonishing. It's particularly striking centuries later when these issues are still prominent in public discussions about social justice and women's rights. "She was ahead of her time," Dr. Etheridge said.

36. Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant.

37. The European audience was more interested in Merian's drawings than her gender.

38. Merian's masterpiece came under attack a century after its publication.

39. Merian's mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened stay in South America.

40. Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw insects.

41. Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South America.

42. Merian contributed greatly to people's better understanding of medicine and science.

43. Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and birds.

44. Now, Merian's role as a female forerunner in sciences has been re-established.

45. Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuries ago.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity, many of us who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers by trade) may struggle to remember the last time we used calculus (微积分）.

It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating how math can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taught in schools, or eliminate some courses entirely?

Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced algebra and other higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics.

"We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the Chinese are running rings around us," Hacker says. "I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to too many people. . . not everybody has to know calculus. If you're going to become an aeronautical (航空的）engineer, fine. But most of us aren't."

Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College： Numeracy 101. There, his students of "citizen statistics" learn to analyze public information like the federal budget and corporate reports. Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of, say, a carpet by area.

Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's needed is to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less math altogether.

Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds. For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American classrooms is an injection of childlike wonder.

"Make mathematics more available," Droujkova says. "Redesign it so it's more accessible to more kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had bad experiences. "

Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar perspective. Harris says that American education is suffering from an epidemic of "fake math"一an emphasis on rote memorization (死记硬背）of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how math can influence the ways we see the world.

Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical.

"I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways to make their subject interesting and exciting so students want to take it," Hacker says. "All that I ask is that alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus. "

46. What does the author say about ordinary Americans?
    A) They struggle to solve math problems.
    B) They think math is a complex subject.
    C) They find high-level math of little use.
    D) They work hard to learn high-level math.

47. What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?
    A) America is not doing as well as China.
    B) Math professors are not doing a good job.
    C) It doesn't help students develop their literacy.
    D) There has hardly been any innovation for years.

48. What does Andrew Hacker's Numeracy 101 aim to do?
    A) Allow students to learn high-level math step by step.
    B) Enable students to make practical use of basic math.
    C) Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies.
    D) Help students to develop their analytical abilities.

49. What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class?
    A) Make complex concepts easy to understand.
    B) Start teaching children math at an early age.
    C) Help children work wonders with calculus.
    D) Try to arouse students' curiosity in math.

50. What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education?
    A) To enable learners to understand the world better.
    B) To help learners to tell fake math from real math.
    C) To broaden Americans' perspectives on math.
    D) To exert influence on world development.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.

So what's the solution? Robots.

Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.

Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ' face' would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users had a "consistently positive attitude" about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.

A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ‘Robear', can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.

On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month- long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and "only three or four said they didn't like having it around."

It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.

51. What does the author say about Japan?
    A) It delivers the best medications for the elderly.
    B) It takes the lead in providing robotic care.
    C) It provides retraining for registered nurses.
    D) It sets the trend in future robotics technology.

52. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?
    A) It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.
    B) It provides specific individualized care to patients.
    C) It does not have much direct contact with patients.
    D) It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.

53. What are telepresence robots designed to do?
    A) Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.
    B) Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.
    C) Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.
    D) Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.

54. What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?
    A) It interacts with patients just like a human companion.
    B) It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.
    C) It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.
    D) It uses body language even more effectively than words.

55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
    A) Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.
    B) The robotics industry will soon take off.
    C) Robots will not make nurses redundant.
    D) Collaboration will not replace competition.

Part IV Translation

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

**越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，**的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助服务系统，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。

China attaches increasing importance to public libraries and and encourage people to make full use of them. The newly released statistics that the number of public libraries in China is on an increase year by year. Many libraries have created a quieter and more comfortable environment for readers through renovation and expansion. Not only do large-scale public libraries provide a wide range of reference materials, but they also regularly hold lectures, exhibitions and other activities. In recent years, there have also been many digital libraries, saving the space needed to store books. In addition some libraries have introduced self-service system, which make it more convenient for readers to borrow and return books, and further the needs of readers.

1. attach v. 重视；附加；系
2. statistic n. 统计学；统计数字；adj. 统计的
3. indicate v. 指示；表明；显示
4. renovation n. 翻新；整修
5. expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩展
6. large-scale 大的
7. reference n. 文献；资料；参考；编号；v. 参考；查阅；
8. lecture n. 讲义；教训；v. 讲授；训导；
9. exhibition n. 展览
10. self-service 自助
11. convenient adj. 实用的；便利的；

Daily Sentence

Beauty calms our restlessness and dispels our cares.

1. restless adj. 坐立不安的；焦躁的
2. dispel v. 消除
3. care n. 担忧

Biochemist named Miss America

A Virginian biochemist has been named Miss America 2020 after performing a live science experiment that defied stereotypes of the contest. Camille Schrier defeated 50 women to take the crown at the final in Uncasville, Connecticut. In her acceptance speech, the 24-year-old said she hoped to "break stereotypes about what it means to be Miss America in 2020".

1. biochemist n. 生物学家
2. perform v. 展示；表演
3. defy v. 颠覆；反抗；蔑视
4. stereotype n. 刻板规则；
5. crown n. 皇冠；

Schrier has two undergraduate science degrees and is studying for a doctorate in pharmacy at Virginia Commonwealth University. In her role as Miss America, Schrier will spend a year advocating for Mind Your Meds, a drug safety and prevention program. Schrier's victory is expected to be viewed as another progressive step away from Miss America's traditional beauty contest format.

1. undergraduate n. 本科
2. doctorate n. 博士学位
3. advocate v. 提倡；鼓吹
4. progressive adj. 进步的；先进的；

Daily Sentence

To be sure, there is much in this world that might trouble us. But there's even more that gives us cause for hope.

1. trouble v. 费神；费事；困惑；n. 麻烦；问题；困境
2. cause for ...的原因，理由
3. cause v. 导致；引起；产生

What we're getting wrong in the fight to end hunger

Introduction:

In a world that's wasting more food than ever before, why do one in nine people still go to bed hungry each night? Social entrepreneur Jasmine Crowe calls for a radical transformation to our fight to end global hunger -- challenging us to rethink our routine approaches to addressing food insecurity and sharing how we can use technology to gather unused food and deliver it directly to people in need.

1. entrepreneur n. 创业者
2. radical adj. 根本的；激进的；彻底的；
3. transformation n. 改革；转变
4. routine adj. 常规的；日常的；n. 常规；例程
5. approach n. 手段；接近；v. 探讨；临近；处理

In June of 2017, I volunteered with a group at a local food pantry on the south side of my home city in Atlanta, Georgia. It was a Friday afternoon, the day of their weekly food giveaway. And as I drove up, I saw people beginning to arrive, many with their rolling carts in tow, prepared to receive their food supply for the week. As I was walking in the door, there were about 40 people outside waiting in line. And I was so excited, because there are very few things I enjoy more than giving back.

1. pantry n. 食品储藏室

But then, as I entered the room where the volunteer meeting was taking place, I immediately realized: we weren't about to give these people any real meals. We were essentially just giving them food. I took my place on the assembly line, where -- get this -- I was in charge of making sure that the Weight Watchers Ding Dongs made it into every family's bag.

1. assembly n. 装配；议会；集合
2. be in charge of 负责；主管

As the bags started to come around, I'm thinking to myself: What on earth are we doing here? Each bag contained two 20-ounce diet Snapples, a gallon of barbecue sauce, a bag of kettle potato chips, a box of superhero-shaped vegetable-enriched macaroni noodles, a box of belVita breakfast bars, a can of refried beans, a can of sweet peas, a miniature can of corn, I can't forget about those Ding Dongs and french fried green onions, you know, the kind that go on top of a green bean casserole. And that was it. We made over a hundred of those bags that day, and people indeed stood in line to receive one. But a feeling came over me; I felt bad and a little angry. It was like, how could I even feel good about the work that I was doing when I knew for a fact that not one meal was to come from the food we had just given to over 100 families? I mean, who wants to have a meal with barbecue sauce and Ding Dongs?

And the reality is, I've been part of this process all my life. I've participated in food drives, I've collected cans since I was a kid, I've donated in the grocery store more times than I can count, I've volunteered at shelters, I've worked in food pantries, and I'm sure, like me, so many of you have, too. In 2013, I even created a pop-up restaurant, called Sunday Soul. And I rented tables and chairs and linens and I printed out menus and I took these experiences to alleyways, underneath bridges and in parks to allow people that were experiencing homelessness to dine with dignity. So I've invested in this fight for quite some time.

1. grocery n. 食品店
2. shelter n. 庇护所；避难所；v. 保护；遮蔽
3. dine v. 进餐；吃饭
4. dignity n. 尊严；高贵；

In almost every major US city, the food bank is viewed as a beloved community institution. Corporations send volunteers down on a weekly basis to sort through food items and make boxes of food for the needy. And can drives -- they warm the hearts of schools and office buildings that participate and fill the shelves of food banks and food pantries across the nation. This is how we work to end hunger. And what I've come to realize is that we are doing hunger wrong. We are doing the same things over and over and over again and expecting a different end result. We've created a cycle that keeps people dependent on food banks and pantries on a monthly basis for food that is often not well-balanced and certainly doesn't provide them with a healthy meal.

1. institution n. 机构；制度；建立；设立
2. corporation n. 法人；公司；协会
3. basis n. 基础；基点

In the US, our approach to doing good, or what we call "charity," has actually hindered us from making real progress. We're educating the world on how many people are food insecure. There are television commercials, billboards, massive donations, the engagement of some of our biggest celebrities in the fight. But the ever-present reality is that, even with all of this work, millions of people are still going hungry. And we can do better. Globally, 821 million people are hungry. That's one in nine people on this planet.

1. charity n. 慈善
2. hinder v. 阻止；妨碍
3. insecure adj. 缺乏的；不安全的；
4. massive adj. 大量的；
5. engagement n. 订婚；约会；交战
6. celebrity n. 名人；名声

And here in the United States, nearly 40 million people experience hunger every single year, including more than 11 million children that go to bed hungry every night. Yet, we're wasting more food than ever before -- more than 80 billion pounds a year, to be exact. The EPA estimates that food waste has more than doubled between 1970 and 2017, and now accounts for 27 percent of everything in our landfills. And as this food sits, it gradually rots and produces harmful methane gas, a leading contributor to global climate change. We have the waste of the food itself, the waste of all the money associated with producing this now-wasted food and the waste of labor with all of the above. And then there's the social inequity between people who really need food and can't get it and people who have too much and simply throw it away.

1. estimate v. 估计；估量
2. harmful adj. 有害的
3. inequity n. 不公正；不公平

All of this made me realize that hunger was not an issue of scarcity but rather a matter of logistics. So in 2017, I set out to end hunger using technology. After all, food delivery apps had begun to explode on the scene, and I thought surely we can reverse-engineer this technology and get food from businesses like restaurants and grocery stores and into the hands of people in need. I believe that technology and innovation have the power to solve real problems, especially hunger.

1. issue n. 发行；分发；期号；问题；争论点；v. 发行；发表；公布
2. logistics n. 物流；运输
3. scarcity n. 缺乏；不足；稀少
4. set out 开始；出发；动身；准备
5. innovation n. 创新；改革；创造

So in 2017, I created an app that would inventory everything that a business sells and make it super easy for them to donate this excess food that would typically go to waste at the end of the night. All the user has to do now is click on an item, tell us how many they have to donate, and our platform calculates the weight and the tax value of those items at time of donation. We then connect with local drivers in the shared economy to get this food picked up and delivered directly to the doors of nonprofit organizations and people in need. I provided the data and the analytics to help businesses reduce food waste at the source by letting them know the items that they waste repeatedly on a regular basis, and they even saved millions of dollars. Our mission was simple: feed more, waste less. And by 2018, our clients included the world's busiest airport, Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson, and we were wong with brands and corporations like Hormel, Chick-fil-A and Papa John's. We even had the opportunity to work with the NFL for Super Bowl LIII. And over the last two years, we've worked with over 200 business to divert more than two million pounds of edible food from landfills into the hands of people that needed it most.

1. inventory n. 列出
2. excess n. 额外的；附加的；过量的；n. 过度；超过
3. typical adj. 一贯的；通常的；典型的；有代表性的
4. tax n. 税
5. item n. 税
6. nonprofit adj. 非盈利的
7. source n. 源头；来源；起源
8. regular adv. 经常的；adj. 有规律的；n. 常客；老主顾
9. client n. 顾客；客户；
10. brand n. 商标；品质；v. 侮辱；打上印记；使铭记
11. corporation n. 公司；团体；协会
12. divert v. 转移；使转向；改变
13. edible adj. 可食用的；
14. landfill n. 垃圾填埋坑

Thank you. This has accounted for about 1.7 million meals and allowed us to start to expand our efforts to other cities, like Washington, DC, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia and more. That's just one approach that actually tackles the problem. Another was the launch of our pop-up grocery stores. We recover excess food from businesses and set up free community grocery stores right in the middle of food deserts. We bring out a chef, and we do on-site taste-testings and allow families to leave with recipe cards. We give every family reusable grocery bags and allow them to simply shop minus the price tag. We wanted to give people access to meals and not just food. We wanted to change the way that we think and work to solve hunger in this country, get people to believe that we can solve hunger, not as a nonprofit, not as a food bank but as a social enterprise, with the goal of reducing waste and ending hunger. But it hasn't been as easy as I thought to change the narrative and the thought process on how we think that hunger can be solved.

1. account v. 认为...如何；说明；n. 考虑；解释；计算；账户
2. expand v. 详谈；详述；扩大
3. tackle v. 应付；
4. launch n. 上市；发起；发射；v. 发射；发起；发行
5. recover v. 恢复；回收；康复
6. excess n. 额外的；附加的；过量的；n. 过度；超过
7. narrative n. 叙述；讲故事；叙事技巧

In 2016, France became the first country to ban supermarkets from throwing away unused food. Instead, they must donate it, and they're fined if they don't. Yes. In 2017, Italy followed suit, becoming the second European nation to pass an anti-food-waste ban. And they stated it so simply as it was passed through legislation: "We have millions of pounds of good food going to waste, and we have poor people that are going hungry." That simple. Denmark now has a mandated food waste grocery store. Its name: Wefood. They recover excess food from local grocery stores and sell it at up to a 50 percent off discount. They then use all the proceeds and donate it to emergency aid programs and social need issues for the people in need. It has been hailed as "the Goodwill of grocery."

1. fine v. 处以罚款；澄清；变好；n. 罚款；adj. 美妙的；优雅的；
2. legislation n. 立法；法律；法规
3. discount n. 折扣；v. 打折；低估；认为...不重要；对...不全信
4. proceed n. 收益

And last year, the world got its first pay-what-you-can grocery store, when Feed it Forward opened in Toronto. Their shelves remain stocked by recovering excess food from major supermarkets and allowing families to simply pay what they can at their grocery store.

1. stock v. 库存；采买

This is amazing. This innovation we need more of. Everyone can take on the roles of changing the attitudes about how we solve hunger. When we think of how we've allowed innovation and technology to change our lives, from how we communicate with each other to how we view our entertainment to how we even receive food, it's amazing that we haven't solved hunger yet. We literally have cars that can drive themselves and millions of people that cannot feed themselves. With millions of dollars being donated to end food insecurity, we should've solved hunger years ago. And I asked myself -- I asked myself, why can't we escape this vicious cycle? Why haven't we solved this problem? I remember meeting with investors and pitching the idea, trying to raise funds for my business, and one of them said to me, in true seriousness, "Hunger is already being solved," as if millions of people weren't going to go to bed hungry that very night, and as if there was nothing else to do. And the reality is, one would think that hunger is being solved, but the truth is, it's being worked on.

1. entertainment n. 娱乐；招待；款待
2. vicious adj. 狂暴的；残酷的；
3. inverter n. 投资者
4. fund n. 基金

If we really want to solve hunger, then we have to change the way we've been doing it. The same actions will always garner the same results. There are hundreds of social entrepreneurs all over the world. They have a focus to solve really big problems, like hunger, but they'll never get the same support that we give national hunger-fighting organizations and food banks. But, if given the opportunity, they have the ability to foster insight and perhaps be forward-thinking enough to solve this problem.

1. garner v. 获得
2. entrepreneur n. 企业家
3. foster v. 培养；促进；鼓励
4. insight n. 洞察力；了解

That's why I'm traveling the world and I'm really talking about what hunger looks like in America and explaining the difference between giving people access to food and access to meals. I've been meeting with city council members and city organizers across the US and telling them that technology indeed does have the power to connect businesses with surplus food to people in need, and explaining to them what a meal can actually mean to a family. I've been meeting with school boards and school districts to talk about how we feed hungry children, and health care organizations, sharing the message that food is health, and food is life, and that, by solving hunger, we can solve so many more problems.

1. organization n. 组织
2. surplus n. 盈余；过剩；adj. 过剩的；剩余的；多余的
3. board n. 委员会；模板；v. 坐（船）；乘（飞机）
4. district n. 区；地区；v. 把...分区

So if we want to know that we don't live in a nation where perfectly good food goes to waste when our neighbors don't have food to eat, then we need to change the laws. We need to introduce new policies, and, most importantly, we need to change our minds and our actions. Food drives are fine. Food banks serve a huge purpose. And yes, sometimes I like Ding Dongs, too. But the reality is that food drives do not solve hunger. And if we are smart about connecting the dots that are right in front of our noses, we can do far more than give a family a box of superhero-shaped vegetable-enriched macaroni noodles and a gallon of barbecue sauce to feed themselves. Instead, we can give them back their dignity. Perhaps we can increase school attendance in schools. We can improve the health outcomes for millions. And, most importantly, we can reduce food waste in our landfills, creating a better environment for all of us.

1. introduce v. 推行；采用；实施
2. purpose n. 目的；用途；目标
3. attendance n. 出席；参加；上学
4. outcome n. 结果；成果

The thing I love most is that we can feel good about it in the process. If we solve hunger, we have nothing to lose and everything to gain. So let's do it. Thank you.

Daily Sentence

Listen, my heart, to the whispers of the world with which it makes love to you.

Lack of exercise in teens

Teenagers in South Korea are the laziest in the world, according to a global study. A country-by-country breakdown of physical activity levels has revealed just one in five 11- to 17-year-olds get as much exercise as they need to stay healthy. In some countries, led by South Korea and including the Philippines, Cambodia and Sudan, more than 90% of teenagers are inactive.

1. reveal v. 透露；揭露；显示；n. 显露
2. inactive adj. 不活动的；

Meanwhile, the US outperforms almost every country on Earth, with just 72% of children inactive – higher only than Bangladesh, Slovakia and Ireland. Researchers from the World Health Organization said all children between the ages of 11 and 17 should do at least an hour of exercise every day. Physical activity is important for developing young people's hearts, lungs, bones and muscles and keeping them a healthy weight.

1. outperform v. 性能比...好

Scientists create fake blood

Scientists in Japan have developed "artificial blood" that could, in theory, be transfused into patients regardless of their blood type. According to the journal Transfusion, the artificial blood can mimic and fulfill the functions of biological blood, primarily the storage and transport of oxygen, if a body is suffering from severe blood loss during surgery or after trauma.

1. transfuse n. 注入；输入；
2. journal n. 杂志；日记
3. mimic v. 模仿；n. 模仿者；小丑
4. fulfill v. 完成（工作）；达到（目的）
5. function n. 功能；职责；作用；函数
6. primarily adv. 主要的；根本的；
7. storage v. 储存；
8. trauma n. 外伤；损伤；

"It is difficult to stock a sufficient amount of blood for transfusions in such regions as remote islands," said the study author Manabu Kinoshita, an associate professor of immunology at the National Defense Medical College. "The artificial blood will be able to save the lives of people who otherwise could not be saved."

1. stock n. 存储；n. 股票；库存；
2. sufficient adj. 足够的；

Daily Sentence

Remember how it made you feel, and you will have the strength you need to get through any trial.

1. feel adj. 感觉；快乐
2. strength n. 力量；勇气
3. trial n. 考验；选拔赛；v. 试验；测试

Plants can purify the air?

New research suggests that potted plants' ability to improve air quality in the home or office is largely overstated and buries a more effective solution to keeping the air clean.

1. potted adj. 盆栽的；略缩的
2. overstate v. 夸大
3. bury v. 埋葬

Writing in the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, researchers found that natural ventilation of indoor environments dilutes concentrations of potentially harmful air pollutants much faster than a plant is capable of extracting them.

1. ventilation n. 通风
2. dilute v. 稀释
3. concentration n. 浓度；集中
4. potential adv. 潜在的
5. capable adj. 有能力；有才能
6. extract v. 吸收；提取

"The best way to have a healthy home is to try to reduce indoor emissions, ventilate well (especially when doing high impact emissions like cooking), and using filtration for certain pollutants (e.g. particulate matter)," said study author Michael Waring of Drexel University.

1. emission n. 排放物
2. filtration n. 过滤

2018_12_CET6(3)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurricular 正课以外的；(娱乐等)业余的 activities. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

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How to Balance Academic Study and Extracurricular Activities

Many students and their parents worry that spending time on extracurricular activities will hinder 阻碍 academic study which is understandable 合情理的. But as for me, as long as we can strike a balance 取得平衡 between them, proper 正确的 participation in extracurricular activities will not only promote academic study, but also enhance 提高 our overall 综合的 abilities.

First of all, it's advisable 明智 to schedule our schoolwork reasonably 合理地 and finish it efficiently, for only in this way can we allocate 分配…（给） extra time and energy to take part in extracurricular activities, which will have no negative impact on our academic study. Secondly, we should only spend time on activities we want to participate in, which will bring us enjoyment and relieve 减轻 the academic pressure to some extent 程度. Thirdly, we can also join clubs where we can meet like-minded 志同道合 people and improve our skills which are useful for our academic study.

In a word, only by studying more efficiently and arranging 安排 extracurricular activities more rationally can we achieve a real balance between academic study and extracurricular activities.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

In what's probably the craziest headline I've ever written, I've reported that (advances) in livestock protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who're protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it result in many lions deaths that (otherwise) would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been (devising) and testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.

This idea is based on the principle that lions and other (predators) are far less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched. As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human population, which are expanding to the (boundaries) of these protected areas.

Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for conversation. "If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana -- and (elsewhere) -- with a low-cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep from being killed." Lions are (primarily) ambush*(埋伏)* hunters, so when they feel their prey has (spotted) them, they usually give up on the hunt, Researchers are (currently) testing their idea on a select herd of cattle. They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to (determine) if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from schooling lions.

a) advances n.前进；v.提出；使前进 b) boundaries n.边界；界限 c) challenging d) currently adv.当下；目前 e) determine v.确定；决定；查明 f) devising v.设计；制定；创造；发明 g) elsewhere h) nevertheless adv.然而；不过；尽管如此 i) otherwise j) predators n.肉食动物 k) primarily adj.主要地；根本地 l) retorted v. n.反驳；报复 m) spotted v.看见；注意到；发现 n. 斑点；污迹 n) testimonies n.证据；证明 o) wrestle n. v.摔跤；搏斗

Section B

Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

A) As constant 经常的 travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize 幻想 about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted 不分心的 by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session 阶段 in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted 疲惫的 when we land to soldier on with (继续处理）the emails that have inevitably 必然 still piled up. 积聚

B) Why should flying deplete 耗尽 us? We're just sitting there doing nothing. Why can't we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的）and determined 坚定的 in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic 繁忙的 schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

C) We often take a militaristic, "tough" approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception 观念 is scientifically inaccurate.

D) The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically 急剧的 holding back our collective 共同的 ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation 关联 between lack of recovery and increased incidence 发生率 of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery-whether by disrupting 中断的 sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive 认知的 arousal 唤起 by watching our phones-is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

E) And just because work stops, it doesn't mean we are recovering. We "stop" work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we'll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7. 8% of Norwegians have become workaholics (工作狂）. The scientists cite 引用 a definition of "workaholism" as "being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation 动机 , and investing 投资 so much time and effort in work that it impairs 损害；减少 other important life areas."

F) We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted 激起；提醒；唆使 us to begin a study of workaholism in the U. S. Our study will use a large corporate 公司的 dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive 认知的 recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

G) The misconception 误解 of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project.

What a distortion 扭曲 of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted 筋疲力尽的 student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn't have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody 情绪多变的 with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we're young only magnify 放大；扩大；增强 when we hit 打击 the workforce 劳动人口 .

H) As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, 区域 you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout 燃尽 . Gathering your resources to "try hard" requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal 唤起 level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion 比例 to the amount of work required of us.

I) So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume 认为；假设；假装 that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you'll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That's because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

J) If you're trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate 足够的 internal 内部的 and external 外部的 recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: "Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting 转移 attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial 最初的 task are temporarily 暂时 depleted 耗尽;减少 or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work-e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations. " If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary 评论 on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate 修复；翻新 your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

K) If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically 战略上 stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction 分散注意力的事 took only 1 minute, that would account for 2. 5 hours a day.

L) In addition, you can take a cognitive 认知的，认识的 break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends-not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood 可能性 of promotion 提升.

M) As for us, we've started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase 阶段 . The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable 不稳定的 internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

36. It has been found that inadequate 不足的 recovery 恢复 often leads to poor health and accidents. D

37. Mental relaxation 放松 is much needed, just as physical relaxation is. J

38. Adequate 足够的 rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one's work efficiency. L

39. The author always has a hectic 忙碌的 time before taking a flight. M× A

40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working. E

41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking. F× K

42. Contrary 相反 to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery. I

43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience 适应力；弹力；快速恢复的能力. B

44. People's distorted 曲解的 view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing 抚养；培养. G

45. People tend to think the more determined 坚定的 they are, the greater their success will be. C

Section C

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke University.

The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U. S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives.

With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.

They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.

By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries' and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry.

Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children's academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate.

"The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (注意力缺乏多动症）(ADHD), although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes", said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke's Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties.

Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades.

"This study shows the importance of so-called ‘non-cognitive' or soft skills in contributing to children's positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success, " said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.

The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said.

"We're learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills, " Dodge said. "If we neglect any of these areas, the child's development lags. If we attend to these areas, a child's success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops. "

46. What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?
    A) The contributors to children's early attention.
    B) The predictors of children's academic success.
    C) The factors that affect children's emotional well-being.
    D) The determinants of children's development of social skills.

47. How did the researchers ensure that their findings are valid?
    A) By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined.
    B) By collecting as many typical samples as were necessary.
    C) By preventing them from being affected by factors not under study.
    D) By focusing on the family background of the children being studied.

48. What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?
    A) Modest students are generally more attentive thаn their contemporaries.
    B) There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought.
    C) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accounts for most academic failures.
    D) Children's academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention.

49. What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers?
    A) They do better academically. C) They are teachers' favorites.
    B) They are easy to get on with. D) They care less about grades.

50. What can we conclude from the Duke study?
    A) Children's success is related to their learning environment.
    B) School curriculum should cover a greater variety of subjects.
    C) Social skills are playing a key role in children's development.
    D) An all-round approach should be adopted in school education.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

On Jan. 9, 2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple's "revolutionary mobile phone"—a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch.

It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe.

As smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion:Are smartphones disturbing children's sleep? Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the implications for privacy?

But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, let's take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. That's because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual's behavior and environment.

Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device's built-in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending what's been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks.

Such studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people's productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention—such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression. Smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts.

So here's another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science.

51. What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones?
    A) It has been overshadowed by the positive impact.
    B) It has more often than not been taken for granted.
    C) It is not so obvious but has caused some concern.
    D) It is subtle but should by no means be overstated.

52. What is considered a less obvious advantage of smartphone technology?
    A) It systematically records real human interactions.
    B) It helps people benefit from technological advances.
    C) It brings people into closer contact with each other.
    D) It greatly improves research on human behavior.

53. What characterizes traditional psychological research?
    A) It is based on huge amounts of carefully collected data.
    B) It relies on lab observations and participants' reports.
    C) It makes use of the questionnaire method.
    D) It is often expensive and time-consuming.

54. How will future psychological studies benefit individuals?
    A) By helping them pin down their unusual behaviors.
    B) By helping them maintain a positive state of mind.
    C) By helping them live their lives in a unique way.
    D) By helping them cope with abnormal situations.

55. What do we learn about current psychological studies?
    A) They are going through a period of painful transition.
    B) They are increasingly focused on real-life situations.
    C) They are conducted in a more rigorous manner.
    D) They are mainly targeted towards undergraduates.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

近年来，**政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求。除了新建体育馆外，许多城市还采取了改造旧工厂和商业建筑等措施，来增加当地体育馆的数量。在政府资金的支持下，越来越多的体育馆向公众免费开放，或者只收取少量费用。许多体育馆通过应用现代信息技术大大提高了服务质量。人们可以方便地在线预订场地和付费。可以预见，随着运动设施的不断改善，愈来愈多的人将会去体育馆健身。

In recent years, the Chinese government has further increased its investment 投资 in gymnasium construction 建筑 to better meet people's rapidly growing demand for fitness 健身. In addition to building new gums, measures 措施, such as transforming 使改变形态；使改变外观（或性质）；使改观 old factories and commercial 商业的 buildings into gyms, have also been taken in many cities to increase the number of local gums. Thanks to the government's grant 拨款, more and more gyms are open to the public free of charge or for a small fee 报酬. Many gyms have greatly improved their service quality by applying modern information technology. People can conveniently 方便地 books venues 场地 and pay for them online. It can be predicted that with the continuous 连续的 improving of sports facilities 设备, more and more people will go to gyms to build up their bodies.

Oxygen bar goes viral

The air quality in Delhi has dropped to levels likened to smoking 50 cigarettes a day. In between all the measures to battle the severe air pollution levels in the city, there's one more option for you - a bar that has "pure air". Founded by Aryavir Kumar and Margarita Kuritsyana, Delhi's first-ever oxygen bar - named "Oxy Pure" - offers 15 minutes of 80-90% pure oxygen starting from Rupees 299.

1. in between 在进退两难中

The bar, which was launched in May, also offers its customers several aromas to choose from that can be infused with odorless oxygen. The aromas include lemongrass, lavender, cherry, eucalyptus and more. "Some people, who try it for the first time, will feel relaxed and fresh. But only people who undergo the sessions regularly will get real benefits of the aroma," said Bonny Irengbam, senior sales assistant at the bar.

Irengbam said the bar saw a significant rise in the number of customers two to three days after Diwali, as the pollution levels were high adding that people are warming up to the idea of an oxygen bar. "They have realized the need for it," he said.

Daily Sentence

Can it be whole frost on the ground?

疑是地上霜

Warning over sneakers' craze

The People's bank of China, the central bank, has warned that certain practices in sales of sneakers could lead to bubble and even financial risks. Experts said reselling of special editions of running and basketball shoes made by global brands such as Air Jordan and Yeezy, which could in price rises, speculative trading and financial fraud, is attracting regulars' attention.

1. certain adj 肯定；确定
   • pron 某些
2. sneaker n. 运动鞋；球鞋
3. bubble n. 气泡；泡沫
   • v. 冒泡；起泡
4. regulator n. 管理者；监管者
5. edition n. 版本
6. brands n. 商标
   • v. 侮辱；使铭记
7. speculative adj. 推测的；猜测的；投机的
8. fraud n. 骗子；诈骗

The Shanghai Head Office of People's Bank of China said in a financial briefing that it had found alarming signs of possible financial fraud in the sneaker trade, including illegal fundraising, illegal use of public deposits and illegal pyramid schemes.

There are more than 10 platforms that allow so-called sneaker-heads to trade shoes as if the products were equalities traded on the stock market. Websites and apps such as Poizon, Nice and Drop store have a large amout of trading volumes and notable price fluctuations.

1. notable adj 值得注意的；显著的；重要的
   • n 名人；重要人物
2. fluctuation n. 波动；起伏
3. volume n 成交量；体积；容积

MOOC attracts 270M users

About 270 million people have taken massive open online courses in China as of August this year, according to the Ministry of Education. With around 15,000 courses, China has build an extensive MOOC network offering a wide range of courses across a variety of disciplines, Of the users, about 80 million were college students, the ministry said.

1. massive adj. 巨大的；大量的
2. extensive adj. 广阔的；广大的
3. discipline n. 纪律；训练；学科；科目
   • v. 训练；惩罚

The MOOC network has notably contributed to education equity. Under several programs sponsored by the ministry, colleges and universities in less-developed western regions have tried to introduce open online courses in their curriculums and trained their faculty in integrating online and offline courses.

1. sponsor v. 主办
2. introduce v. 推行；采用；实施
3. integrate v. 使一体化；整合

As of now, they have introduced more than 8,000 courses online or online-offline and 52,000 teachers have received the training. The ministry also plans to launch a bilingual gateway website of China MOOC by the end of this year to connect about 20 Chinese MOOC websites.

1. bilingual adj. 双语的
2. ministry n. 部门；牧师

Daily Sentence

You are great, don't worry about what anyone else thinks of you.

Most retweeted posts of 2019

Twitter has unveiled its most retweeted posts of 2019. Topping the list for most retweeted tweet of 2019 is the World Record Egg. On Jan 14, the account @egg_rt_record tweeted a stock image of an egg alongside the words: "Let's set a world record together and get the most retweeted tweet on Twitter.

1. unveil v. 揭露；显露；

Beating the current world record held by Yusaku Maezawa @yousuck2020 (5.3 million!)" The tweet went on to earn 957,600 retweets and 582,300 likes, making it the most retweeted tweet of the year.

It was followed by a tweet from K-Pop group BTS, showing boy band member Jungkook dancing in a hotel room. Weighing in third was a comical video of people running away from a baby duck, paired with the warning: "WATCH AT YOUR OWN RISK."

1. comical adj. 好笑的

AI puts notes on symphony

A few notes scribbled in his notebook are all that German composer Ludwig van Beethoven left of his "Tenth Symphony" before his death in 1827.

1. scribble n. v. 胡写；乱写；潦草地写
2. composer n. 作曲家

A few notes scribbled in his notebook are all that German composer Ludwig van Beethoven left of his "Tenth Symphony" before his death in 1827.

1. artificial intelligence 人工智能
2. anniversary n. 周年纪念日

In the project, machine-learning software has been fed all of Beethoven's work and is now composing possible continuations of the symphony in the composer's style.

1. feed v. 输入；饲养；供给
2. compose v. 创作（音乐）；组成；作曲；撰写
3. continuation n. 延续；继续
4. symphony n. 交响乐

The final result of the project will be performed by a full orchestra on April 28 next year in Bonn.

1. orchestra n. 管弦乐队