The concrete
ecosystem is a set of crates that implements Zama's variant of
TFHE. In a nutshell,
fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), allows
you to perform computations over encrypted data, allowing you to implement Zero Trust services.
Concrete is based on the Learning With Errors (LWE) and the Ring Learning With Errors (RLWE) problems, which are well studied cryptographic hardness assumptions believed to be secure even against quantum computers.
Concrete is implemented using the Rust Programming language, which allows very fast, yet very secure implementations.
The ecosystem is composed of several crates (packages in the Rust language). The crates are split into 2 repositories:
- The
concrete
repository which contains crates intended to be more approachable by non-cryptographers. - The concrete-core repository which contains the crates implementing the low level cryptographic primitives.
The crates within this repository are:
concrete
: A high-level library, useful to cryptographers that want to quickly implement homomorphic applications, without having to understand the details of the jmplementation.concrete-boolean
: A high-level library, implementing homomorphic Boolean gates, making it easy to run any kind of circuits over encrypted data.
To use concrete, you will need the following things:
- A Rust compiler
- A C compiler & linker
- make
The Rust compiler can be installed on Linux and macOS with the following command:
curl --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
Other rust installation methods are available on the rust website.
To have the required C compiler and linker you'll either need to install the full XCode IDE (that you can install from the AppleStore) or install the Xcode Command Line Tools by typing the following command:
xcode-select --install
Concrete currently only supports the x86_64 architecture.
You can however, use it on Apple Silicon chip thanks to Rosetta
at the expense of slower execution times.
To do so, you need to compile concrete
for the x86_64
architecture
and let Rosetta2 handle the conversion, we do that by using the x86_64
toolchain.
First install the needed rust toolchain:
# Install the macOS x86_64 toolchain (you only need to do this once)
rustup toolchain install --force-non-host stable-x86_64-apple-darwin
Then you can either:
- Manually specify the toolchain to use in each of the cargo commands:
For example:
cargo +stable-x86_64-apple-darwin build
cargo +stable-x86_64-apple-darwin test
- Or override the toolchain to use:
rustup override set stable-x86_64-apple-darwin
# cargo will use the `stable-x86_64-apple-darwin` toolchain.
cargo build
On linux, installing the required components depends on your distribution. But for the typical Debian-based/Ubuntu-based distributions, running the following command will install the needed packages:
sudo apt install build-essential
Concrete is not currently supported on Windows.
There are two ways to contribute to Concrete:
- you can open issues to report bugs or typos and to suggest new ideas
- you can ask to become an official contributor by emailing [email protected]. (becoming an approved contributor involves signing our Contributor License Agreement (CLA))
Only approved contributors can send pull requests, so please make sure to get in touch before you do!
To cite Concrete in academic papers, please use the following entry:
@inproceedings{WAHC:CJLOT20,
title={CONCRETE: Concrete Operates oN Ciphertexts Rapidly by Extending TfhE},
author={Chillotti, Ilaria and Joye, Marc and Ligier, Damien and Orfila, Jean-Baptiste and Tap, Samuel},
booktitle={WAHC 2020--8th Workshop on Encrypted Computing \& Applied Homomorphic Cryptography},
volume={15},
year={2020}
}
This library uses several dependencies and we would like to thank the contributors of those libraries.
We thank Daniel May for supporting this project and donating the
concrete
crate.
This software is distributed under the BSD-3-Clause-Clear license. If you have any questions,
please contact us at [email protected]
.
Security estimation, in this repository, used to be based on
the LWE Estimator,
with reduction_cost_model = BKZ.sieve
.
We are currently moving to the Lattice Estimator
with red_cost_model = reduction.RC.BDGL16
.
When a new update is published in the Lattice Estimator, we update parameters accordingly.
Mitigation for side channel attacks have not yet been implemented in Concrete, and will be released in upcoming versions.