The pirate game is a simple mathematical game. It is a multi-player version of the ultimatum game.

There are 5 rational pirates, A, B, C, D and E. They find 100 gold coins. They must decide how to distribute them.

The pirates have a strict order of seniority: A is superior to B, who is superior to C, who is superior to D, who is superior to E.

The pirate world's rules of distribution are thus: that the most senior pirate should propose a distribution of coins. The pirates then vote on whether to accept this distribution. If the distribution is accepted, the coins are disbursed and the game ends. If not, the proposer is thrown overboard from the pirate ship and dies, and the next most senior pirate makes a new proposal to begin the system again.

Pirates base their decisions on two factors and options below. First of all, each pirate wants to survive. Second, given survival, each pirate wants to maximize the number of gold coins he receives. The pirates do not trust each other, and will neither make nor honor any promises between pirates apart from a proposed distribution plan that gives a whole number of gold coins to each pirate.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_game