ESPHome component to monitor a Solax X1 mini via RS485.
- SolaX X1 Mini
- SolaX X1 Mini X1-0.6-S-D(L)
- SolaX X1 Mini G2
- SolaX X1 Mini X1-1.5-S-D(L) (master version 1.08, manager version 1.07) (reported by @beocycris)
- SolaX X1 Mini X1-2.0-S-D(L) (master version 1.08, manager version 1.07) (reported by @zcloud-at)
- SolaX X1 Mini G3
- SolaX X1 Mini X1-0.6-S-D(L) (master version 1.08, manager version 1.07) (reported by @neujbit)
- ESPHome 1.18.0 or higher.
- One half of an ethernet cable with rj45 connector
- RS485-to-TTL module (
HW-0519f.e.) - Generic ESP32 or ESP8266 board
RS485 UART
┌─────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
│ │ │ GND│<--------->│GND │
│ Solax │<-----B- ---->│ RS485 RXD│<--------->│RX ESP32/ │
│ X1 Mini │<---- A+ ---->│ to TTL TXD│<--------->│TX ESP8266 │
│ │<--- GND ---->│ module VCC│<--------->│3.3V VCC│<--
│ │ │ │ │ GND│<--
└─────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
RS485 UART
┌─────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
│ │ │ DI│<--------->│TX │
│ Solax │<-----B- ---->│ RS485 DE│<--\ │ ESP32/ │
│ X1 Mini │<---- A+ ---->│ to TTL RE│<---+----->│GPIO0 ESP8266 │
│ │<--- GND ---->│ module RO│<--------->│RX │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ VCC│<--------->│3.3V VCC│<--
│ │ │ GND│<--------->│GND GND│<--
└─────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
The ESP32 boards usually provide three universal asynchronous receivers and transmitter (UART) ports. These are assigned in pairs, for receive (RX) and transmit (TX). Some UART ports are assigned to overlapping services, so will require pin reassignment if you want to use them, so it's best to stick to UART0, which typically uses GPIO3 (RX) GPIO1 (TX).
Please make sure to power the RS485 module with 3.3V because it affects the TTL (transistor-transistor logic) voltage between RS485 module and ESP.
| Pin | Purpose | RS485-to-TTL pin | Color T-568B |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | RefGen | ||
| 2 | Com/DRM0 | ||
| 3 | GND_COM | ||
| 4 | A+ | A+ | Blue |
| 5 | B- | B- | Blue-White |
| 6 | E_Stop | ||
| 7 | GND_COM | GND | Brown-White |
| 8 | -- |
You can install this component with ESPHome external components feature like this:
external_components:
- source: github://syssi/esphome-modbus-solax-x1@mainor just use the esp32-example.yaml / esp8266-example.yaml as proof of concept:
# Install esphome
pip3 install esphome
# Clone this external component
git clone https://github.com/syssi/esphome-modbus-solax-x1.git
cd esphome-modbus-solax-x1
# Create a secrets.yaml containing some setup specific secrets
cat > secrets.yaml <<EOF
wifi_ssid: MY_WIFI_SSID
wifi_password: MY_WIFI_PASSWORD
mqtt_host: MY_MQTT_HOST
mqtt_username: MY_MQTT_USERNAME
mqtt_password: MY_MQTT_PASSWORD
EOF
# Validate the configuration, create a binary, upload it, and start logs
# If you use a esp8266 run the esp8266-examle.yaml
esphome run esp32-example.yaml
substitutions:
name: solar-powermeter
esphome:
name: ${name}
platform: ESP32
board: esp-wrover-kit
external_components:
- source: github://syssi/esphome-modbus-solax-x1@main
refresh: 0s
wifi:
ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
password: !secret wifi_password
ota:
# api:
logger:
baud_rate: 0
mqtt:
broker: !secret mqtt_host
username: !secret mqtt_username
password: !secret mqtt_password
id: mqtt_client
uart:
baud_rate: 9600
tx_pin: GPIO1
rx_pin: GPIO3
solax_x1:
serial_number: "3132333435363737363534333231"
address: 0x0A
update_interval: 1s
# flow_control_pin: GPIO0
text_sensor:
- platform: solax_x1
mode_name:
name: "${name} mode name"
errors:
name: "${name} errors"
sensor:
- platform: solax_x1
ac_power:
name: "${name} ac power"
energy_today:
name: "${name} energy today"
energy_total:
name: "${name} energy total"
dc1_voltage:
name: "${name} dc1 voltage"
dc2_voltage:
name: "${name} dc2 voltage"
dc1_current:
name: "${name} dc1 current"
dc2_current:
name: "${name} dc2 current"
ac_current:
name: "${name} ac current"
ac_voltage:
name: "${name} ac voltage"
ac_frequency:
name: "${name} ac frequency"
temperature:
name: "${name} temperature"
runtime_total:
name: "${name} runtime total"
mode:
name: "${name} mode"
error_bits:
name: "${name} error bits"For a more advanced setup take a look at the esp32-example-advanced-multiple-uarts.yaml.
All known firmware versions (V1.00) responds with the same serial number (3132333435363737363534333231) to the discovery
broadcast (AA.55.01.00.00.00.10.00.00.01.10). For this reason it's challenging to use multiple devices on the same bus and
assign an individual address per device.
Affected firmware versions:
- 618.00207.00_X1_BOOST3.0_MINI2.0_AIR2.0_ARM_V1.32_20210625.usb, 618.00381.00_X1_BOOST3.0_MINI2.0_AIR2.0_DSP_V2.12_20210622.usb
Workaround: Use one UART per device to handle multiple devices.
If this component doesn't work out of the box for your device please update your configuration to enable the debug output of the UART component and increase the log level to the see outgoing and incoming serial traffic:
logger:
baud_rate: 0
level: DEBUG
uart:
id: uart0
baud_rate: 9600
tx_pin: GPIO1
rx_pin: GPIO3
debug:
direction: BOTH
# Send discovery to broadcast address (0x10 0x00)
[VV][modbus_solax:200]: TX -> AA.55.01.00.00.00.10.00.00.01.10 (11)
[VV][modbus_solax:084]: RX <- AA.55.00.FF.01.00.10.80.0E.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.37.36.35.34.33.32.31.05.75 (25)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[I][modbus_solax:105]: Inverter discovered. Serial number: 3132333435363737363534333231
# Assign address (0x0A) to the inverter via serial number (0x10, 0x01)
[VV][modbus_solax:200]: TX -> AA.55.00.00.00.00.10.01.0F.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.37.36.35.34.33.32.31.0A.04.01 (26)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
# Register address confirmation (0x10, 0x81)
[VV][modbus_solax:084]: RX <- AA.55.00.0A.00.00.10.81.01.06.01.A1 (12)
^
ACK
# Request info (0x11 0x03)
[18:13:12][VV][modbus_solax:214]: TX -> AA.55.01.00.00.0A.11.03.00.01.1E (11)
# Response (0x11 0x83)
[18:13:12][VV][modbus_solax:084]: RX <- AA.55.00.0A.01.00.11.83.3A.01.00.00.00.00.00.00.56.31.2E.30.30.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.73.6F.6C.61.78.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.58.4D.55.30.36.32.47.43.30.39.33.35.34.30.33.36.30.30.0C.0F (69)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Data 0 (device type?): 0x01 (single phase)
Data 1...6 (rated power): 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 ()
Data 7...11 (firmware version): 0x56 0x31 0x2E 0x30 0x30 (V1.00)
Data 12...25 (module name): 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 ( )
Data 26...39 (factory name): 0x73 0x6F 0x6C 0x61 0x78 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 (solax )
Data 40...53 (serial number): 0x58 0x4D 0x55 0x30 0x36 0x32 0x47 0x43 0x30 0x39 0x33 0x35 0x34 0x30 (XMU062GC093540)
Data 54...57 (rated bus voltage): 0x33 0x36 0x30 0x30 (3600)
# Request live data (0x11 0x02)
[18:15:15][VV][modbus_solax:214]: TX -> AA.55.01.00.00.0A.11.02.00.01.1D (11)
# Response (0x11 0x82)
[18:15:15][VV][modbus_solax:214]: RX <-
AA.55.00.0A.01.00.11.82.34.00.19.00.01.02.46.00.00.00.0A.00.00.00.05.09.13.13.87.00.32.FF.FF.00.00.00.11.00.00.00.14.00.02.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.D0.06.21 (63)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Data 0...1 (temperature): 0x00 0x19 (25 C)
Data 2...3 (energy today): 0x00 0x01 (0.1 kWh)
Data 4...5 (pv1 voltage): 0x02 0x46 (58.2 V)
Data 6...7 (pv2 voltage): 0x00 0x00 (0.0 V)
Data 8...9 (pv1 current): 0x00 0x0A (1.0 A)
Data 10...11 (pv2 current): 0x00 0x00 (0.0 A)
Data 12...13 (ac current): 0x00 0x05 (0.5 A)
Data 14...15 (ac voltage): 0x09 0x13 (232.3V)
Data 16...17 (ac frequency): 0x13 0x87 (49.99 Hz)
Data 18...19 (ac power): 0x00 0x32 (50 W)
Data 20...21 (unused): 0xFF 0xFF
Data 22...25 (energy total): 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x11 (0.1 kWh)
Data 26...29 (runtime total): 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x14 (20 h)
Data 30...31 (mode): 0x00 0x02 (2: Normal)
Data 32...33 (grid voltage fault): 0x00 0x00 (0.0 V)
Data 34...35 (grid freq. fault) 0x00 0x00 (0.00 Hz)
Data 36...37 (dc injection fault): 0x00 0x00 (0 mA)
Data 38...39 (temperature fault): 0x00 0x00
Data 40...41 (pv1 voltage fault): 0x00 0x00
Data 42...43 (pv2 voltage fault): 0x00 0x00
Data 44...45 (gfc fault): 0x00 0x00
Data 46...49 (error message): 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
Data 50...52 (unknown): 0x02 0xD0
- https://github.com/JensJordan/solaXd/
- https://github.com/arendst/Tasmota/blob/development/tasmota/xnrg_12_solaxX1.ino
- https://github.com/esphome/esphome/blob/dev/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
- https://github.com/syssi/esphome-modbus-solax-x1/blob/main/docs/SolaxPower_Single_Phase_External_Communication_Protocol_-_X1_Series_V1.2.pdf
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