3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). Plays a critical role in translation termination and post-transcriptional modification. It is also involved in localizing the mRNA in the cell.
5' untranslated region (5'-UTR).
A
active immunotherapy. A type of immunotherapy that stimulates the host's immune system or specific immune response to a disease or pathogen. It is most commonly used in cancer treatments.
antibody drug conjugate (ADC).
aligned reads.
B
bispecific T cell engager (BiTE).
C
CD4+ T cells.
CD8+ T cells.
ChIP-seq. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays combined with sequencing. A powerful method for identifying genome-wide DNA binding sites for transcription factors and other proteins.
CIP priority rules (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog).
coding sequence (CDS).
correlation spectroscopy (COSY).
D
E
enrichment (genetics, genomics). A measure of how much more likely than chance a gene or other feature appears. See this reddit post for an example.
F
feedstock. The raw material that supplies or fuels a machine or industrial process.
fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).
G
genome order. An ordering of aligned reads such that reads are sorted based on their alignment coordinate (the first index where the read aligns to the reference). When viewing SAM/BAM files, this refers to sorting along the third and fourth columns: reference sequence name (often the chromosome number), and one-based leftmost mapping position.
glycan. Synonym for polysaccharide. Often also used colloquially in scientific literature to refer to biologically active oligosaccharides.
glycosylation. The chemical process of adding a glycan to another molecule (often a protein).
H
hESC. Human embryonic stem cells.
I
J
K
Kozak consensus sequence. (5'-ACCAUGG-3')
L
leader sequence. Another name for the 5' untranslated region of mRNA.
M
motifs (protein structure). Also known as supersecondary structures, motifs are groupings of secondary structural elementary that occur in many unrelated globular proteins.
N
nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (NOESY).
O
P
passive immunotherapy. A type of immunotherapy in which donated or laboratory-made immune system components (often antibodies) are directly used to fight an infection or disease. Passive immunotherapy does not stimulate the host's immune system.
poly-A tail. Essential for keeping the mRNA from being degraded.
pulse-chase analysis. A method for examining a cellular process occuring over time by successively exposing the cells to a labeled compound (the "pulse") and then to the same compound in an unlabeled form (the "chase"). A classic example of a pulse-chase experiment is the Meselson-Stahl experiment that demonstrated the semiconservative model of DNA replication.
Q
quench-flow kinetics.
R
Ribosome binding site (RBS).
S
self-consistent field (SCF).
Shine-Dalgarno sequence. (5'-AGGAGGU-3')
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). See also: single nucleotide variant.
single nucleotide variant (SNV). See also: single nucleotide polymorphism.
small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
structural variation (SV).
T
trailer sequence. Another name for the 3' untranslated region of mRNA.
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