####Android AIDL AIDL的中文名是Android接口定义语言,用来实现进程之间的数据的共享传递。
####AIDL支持的数据类型 基本数据类型(int、long、char、boolean、double等); String和CharSequence; List:只支持ArrayList,里面的每个元素都必须能够被AIDL支持; Map:只支持HashMap,里面的每个元素都必须能够被AIDL支持; Parcelable:所有实现了Parcelable接口的对象; AIDL:所有的AIDL接口本身也可以在AIDL文件中使用。 除此之外,自定义的Parcelable对象和AIDL对象必须要显式import进来
####AIDL接口的创建 需要创建一个包含.aidl后缀的文件,在其中声明一些接口
// IService.aidl
package com.apps.ipc;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import com.apps.request.GetAppDetailRequest;
import com.apps.ipc.ICallback;
interface IService {
/**
* Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
* and return values in AIDL.
*/
/**
void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,
double aDouble, String aString);
*/
int getAppDetail(in GetAppDetailRequest params,ICallback callback);
}
// ICallback.aidl
package com.apps.ipc;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import android.os.Bundle;
interface ICallback {
void onResult(in Bundle result);
void onError(String code,String desc);
}
如果AIDL文件中引用到了自定义的Parcelable对象,必须要建一个与其同名的AIDL文件,并在其中声明为Parcelable类型
// IGetAppDetailRequest.aidl
package com.apps.request;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
parcelable GetAppDetailRequest;
####注: AIDL中除了基本数据类型,其他类型的参数必须标上方向:in、out或inout in表示输入型参数 out表示输出型参数 inout表示输入输出参数
####远程服务端Service的实现 首先需要对服务端的AIDL接口进行实现,然后在Service的onBind方法将其返回
public class IPCService extends Service {
private ServiceStub serviceStub;
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return serviceStub;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
serviceStub = new ServiceStub(this);
}
}
public class ServiceStub extends IService.Stub {
private Context context;
public ServiceStub(Context context){
this.context = context;
}
public ServiceStub() {
super();
}
@Override
public int getAppDetail(GetAppDetailRequest params, ICallback callback) throws RemoteException {
App app = params.getApp();
if (null == app || null == callback){
return Constant.AIDL_PARAMS_ERROR;
}
String id = app.getId();
String version = app.getVersion();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(id) || TextUtils.isEmpty(version)){
return Constant.AIDL_PARAMS_ERROR;
}
getAppDetailFromNetWork(id,version,callback);
return Constant.AIDL_SUCCESS;
}
//模拟从网络获取数据
private void getAppDetailFromNetWork(String id,String version,ICallback callback) throws RemoteException{
//假设id为48,version为01.00.01能获得正确数据
String app_id = "48";
String app_version = "01.00.01";
if (id.equals(app_id) && version.equals(app_version)){
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putParcelable(Constant.CALLBACK_KEY,newAppDetailResult(id,version));
callback.onResult(bundle);
}else{
callback.onError(Constant.CALLBACK_ERROR_CODE,Constant.CALLBACK_ERROR_DESC);
}
}
private GetAppDetailResult newAppDetailResult(String id, String version){
AppDetail appDetail = new AppDetail();
App app = new App(id,version);
appDetail.setApp(app);
appDetail.setDesc("a apk about aidl");
appDetail.setDownloadTimes(48);
appDetail.setName("ipc");
GetAppDetailResult getAppDetailResult = new GetAppDetailResult();
getAppDetailResult.setAppDetail(appDetail);
return getAppDetailResult;
}
}
####注: 由于AIDL方法是在服务端的Binder线程池执行,因此当多个客户端同时访问时,会存在多线程操作,所以需要在AIDL方法处理线程同步。
在AndroidManifest.xml文件中需要对Service进行配置
<service android:name=".IPCService"
android:enabled="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.apps.ipc.IPCService"></action>
</intent-filter>
</service>
####客户端的实现
服务端在编译后,会在app/build/generated/source/debug下生成对应AIDL接口的java文件,需要将其以及使用到的相关的Java类一并拷贝到客户端工程,必须确保服务端与客户端这些类的包名,否则服务端客户端无法正确反序列化对方传送的数据,造成程序无法正常运行。
####绑定远程服务端 通过Context的bindService方法对远程服务端进行绑定,intent设置包名是为了解决Android5.0之后需要显示调用服务的问题。
private void bindService(){
String action = "com.apps.ipc.IPCService";
String packageName = "com.apps.ipc";
Intent intent = new Intent(action);
intent.setPackage(packageName);
bindService(intent,connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
ServiceConnection用于处理客户端与服务端的连接、断开处理。当绑定服务成功后会回调执行onServiceConnected方法,表示已经连接上服务端,然后将服务端返回的Binder对象转换成AIDL接口,之后就可以通过这个接口去调用服务端的方法。当服务端因异常或者主动断开后,会执行onServiceDisConnected方法,表示已经断开连接。
private IService service;
private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
MainActivity.this.service = IService.Stub.asInterface(service);
result.setText("Service is connected");
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
MainActivity.this.service = null;
result.setText("Service is disconnected");
}
};
private ICallback.Stub callback = new ICallback.Stub(){
@Override
public IBinder asBinder() {
return super.asBinder();
}
@Override
public void onResult(Bundle bundle) throws RemoteException {
bundle.setClassLoader(GetAppDetailResult.class.getClassLoader());
GetAppDetailResult getAppDetailResult = bundle.getParcelable(Constant.CALLBACK_KEY);
AppDetail appDetail = getAppDetailResult.getAppDetail();
App app = appDetail.getApp();
//定义了一个TextView用于显示结果
result.setText("id:" + app.getId() + ",version:" + app.getVersion() + ",name:" + appDetail.getName()
+ ",desc:" + appDetail.getDesc() + ",downlaodTimes:" + appDetail.getDownloadTimes());
}
@Override
public void onError(String code, String desc) throws RemoteException {
result.setText("error:" + code + ",message:" + desc);
}
};
private void getAppDetail(String id,String version){
if (null != service){
GetAppDetailRequest getAppDetailRequest = new GetAppDetailRequest();
getAppDetailRequest.setApp(new App(id,version));
try {
int ret = service.getAppDetail(getAppDetailRequest,callback);
if (ret == Constant.AIDL_PARAMS_ERROR){
result.setText("request params error");
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}