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[{"origin": [], "word": []},
{"origin": ["word-forming element expressing ability, fitness, or capacity, from Latin ", "-abilitas", ", forming nouns from adjectives ending in ", "-abilis", " (see ", "-able", "). Not etymologically related to ", "ability", ", though popularly connected with it.", "word-forming element expressing ability, capacity, fitness, from French, from Latin ", "-ibilis", ", ", "-abilis", ", forming adjectives from verbs, from PIE ", "_-tro-", ", a suffix used to form nouns of instrument.\r\n", "\r\nIn Latin, infinitives in ", "-are", " took ", "-abilis", ", others ", "-ibilis", "; in English, ", "-able", " tends to be used with native (and other non-Latin) words, ", "-ible", " with words of obvious Latin origin (but there are exceptions). The Latin suffix is not etymologically connected with ", "able", ", but it long has been popularly associated with it, and this has contributed to its survival as a living suffix. It is related to the second syllable of ", "rudder", " and ", "saddle", ".", "word-forming element denoting orders and classes in zoology, from Latin ", "-acea", ", neuter plural of ", "-aceus", " "belonging to, of the nature of" (enlarged from adjectival suffix ", "-ax", ", genitive ", "-acis", "); neuter plural because of a presumed ", "animalia", ", a neuter plural noun. Thus, ", "crustacea", " "shellfish" are ", "_crustacea animalia", " "crusty animals." In botany, the suffix is ", "-aceae", ", from the fem. plural of ", "-aceus", ", with reference to Latin ", "plantae", ", which is a fem. plural.", "word-forming element denoting "belonging to, of the nature of," from Latin ", "-aceus", ", enlarged form of adjectival suffix ", "-ax", " (genitive ", "-acis", "); see ", "-acea", ". Especially in biology, "pertaining to X order of plants or animals."", "adjectival word-forming element meaning "given to, inclined to, abounding in," from Latin ", "-aci-", " (nominative ", "-ax", "), noun ending used with verbal stems, + ", "-ous", ".", "word-forming element denoting collective numerals (", "Olympiad", "), plant families, and names of poems, from Greek ", "-as", " (genitive ", "-ados", "), a suffix forming fem. nouns; also used in fem. patronymics (", "Dryad", ", ", "Naiad", ", also, in plural, ", "Pleiades", ", ", "Hyades", ").", "word-forming element denoting an action or product of an action, from Latin ", "-ata", " (source of French ", "-ade", ", Spanish ", "-ada", ", Italian ", "-ata", "), fem. past participle ending used in forming nouns. A living suffix in French, from which many words have come into English (such as ", "lemonade", "). Latin ", "-atus", ", past participle suffix of verbs of the 1st conjugation also became ", "-ade", " in French (Spanish ", "-ado", ", Italian ", "-ato", ") and came to be used as a suffix denoting persons or groups participating in an action (such as ", "brigade", ", ", "desperado", "). ", "in ", "commando", ", ", "desperado", ", ", "tornado", ", and other words of Spanish and Portuguese origin, "person or group participating in an action," from Latin ", "-atus", ", past participle suffix of verbs of the first conjugation (see ", "-ade", ").", "occasional plural suffix of words ending in ", "-a", ", most of which, in English, are from Latin nominative fem. singular nouns, which in Latin form their plurals in ", "-ae", ". But plurals in ", "-s", " were established early in English for many of them (such as ", "idea", ", ", "arena", ") and many have crossed over since. Now it is not possible to insist on purity one way or the other without breeding monsters.", "word-forming element in nouns of act, process, function, condition, from Old French and French ", "-age", ", from Late Latin ", "-aticum", " "belonging to, related to," originally neuter adjectival suffix, from Latin ", "-atus", ", pp. suffix of verbs of the first conjugation.", "word-forming element abstracted from ", "alcoholic", "; first in ", "sugarholic", " (1965), ", "foodoholic", " (sic., 1965); later in ", "workaholic", " (1968), ", "golfaholic", " (1971), ", "chocoholic", " (1971), and ", "shopaholic", " (1984).", "suffix forming adjectives from nouns or other adjectives, "of, like, related to, pertaining to," Middle English ", "-al", ", ", "-el", ", from French or directly from Latin ", "-alis", " (see ", "-al", " (2)).", "suffix forming nouns of action from verbs, mostly from Latin and French, meaning "act of ____ing" (such as ", "survival", ", ", "referral", "), Middle English ", "-aille", ", from French feminine singular ", "-aille", ", from Latin ", "-alia", ", neuter plural of adjective suffix ", "-alis", ", also used in English as a noun suffix. Nativized in English and used with Germanic verbs (as in ", "bestowal", ", ", "betrothal", ").", "word-forming element in chemistry to indicate "presence of an aldehyde group" (from ", "aldehyde", "). The suffix also is commonly used in forming the names of drugs, often narcotics (such as ", "barbital", "), a tendency that apparently began in German and might have been suggested by ", "chloral", " (n.).", "word-forming element denoting "pain," from Greek ", "algos", " "pain," ", "algein", " "to feel pain," of unknown origin. Related to ", "alegein", " "to care about," originally "to feel pain."", "also ", "amide", ", in chemical use, 1850, word-forming element denoting a compound obtained by replacing one hydrogen atom in ammonia with an element or radical, from French ", "amide", ", from ", "ammonia", " + ", "-ide", ".", "word-forming element meaning "pertaining to," from Latin ", "-anus", ", in some cases via French ", "-ain", ", ", "-en", ".", "or ", "ana", ", word-forming element denoting "collection of sayings, gossip, etc. connected with a person or place," early 18c., originally the neuter plural ending of Latin adjectives ending in ", "-anus", " "pertaining to," from PIE adjectival suffix ", "-no-", ".", "word-forming element attached to verbs to form abstract nouns of process or fact (", "convergence", " from ", "converge", "), or of state or quality (", "absence", " from ", "absent", "); ultimately from Latin ", "-antia", " and ", "-entia", ", which depended on the vowel in the stem word, from PIE ", "-nt-", ", adjectival suffix.\r\n", "\r\nAs Old French evolved from Latin, these were leveled to ", "-ance", ", but later French borrowings from Latin (some of them subsequently passed to English) used the appropriate Latin form of the ending, as did words borrowed by English directly from Latin (", "diligence, absence", ").\r\n", "\r\nEnglish thus inherited a confused mass of words from French and further confused it since c.1500 by restoring ", "-ence", " selectively in some forms of these words to conform with Latin. Thus ", "dependant", ", but ", "independence", ", etc.", "word-forming element denoting quality or state, from Latin ", "-antia", ", forming abstract nouns on past participle adjectives in ", "-antem", ", appearing in English mostly in words borrowed directly from Latin (those passing through French usually have ", "-ance", " or ", "-ence", "; see ", "-ance", ").", "word-forming element in chemical use, indicating a chain of carbon atoms with no double bonds, proposed 1866 by German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818-1892) to go with ", "-ene", ", ", "-ine", " (2), ", "-one", ".", "agent or instrumental suffix, from Old French and French ", "-ant", ", from Latin ", "-antem", ", accusative of ", "-ans", ", present participle suffix of many Latin verbs.", "word-formation element meaning "pertaining to, of the nature of," from Latin ", "-arem", ", ", "-aris", " "of the kind of, belonging to," a secondary form of ", "-alis", ", dissimilated for used after syllables with an ", "-l-", " (such as ", "insularis", " for ", "_insulalis", ", ", "stellaris", " for ", "stellalis", ").", "word-forming element meaning "a ruler," from Greek ", "arkhos", " "leader, chief, ruler," from ", "arkhe", " "beginning, origin, first place" (see ", "archon", ").", "word-forming element meaning "rule," from Latin ", "-archia", ", from Greek ", "-arkhia", " "rule," from ", "arkhos", " "leader, chief, ruler," from ", "arkhe", " "beginning, origin, first place" (see ", "archon", ").", "also ", "-art", ", from Old French ", "-ard", ", ", "-art", ", from German ", "-hard", ", ", "-hart", " "hardy," forming the second element in many personal names, often used as an intensifier, but in Middle High German and Dutch used as a pejorative element in common nouns, and thus passing into Middle English in ", "bastard", ", ", "coward", ", ", "blaffard", " ("one who stammers"), etc. It thus became a living element in English, as in ", "buzzard", ", ", "drunkard", ".", "adjective and noun word-forming element, in most cases from Latin ", "-arius", ", ", "-aria", ", ", "-arium", " "connected with, pertaining to; the man engaged in," from PIE relational adjective suffix ", "-yo-", " "of or belonging to." It appears in words borrowed from Latin in Middle English. In later borrowings from Latin to French, it became ", "-aire", " and passed into Middle English as ", "-arie", ", subsequently ", "-ary", ".", "word-forming element used in naming enzymes, from ending of ", "diastase", ".", "agential suffix, cognate with ", "-ist", ", from French ", "-ast", ", from Latin ", "-asta", ", from Greek ", "-astes", ".", "word-forming element expressing incomplete resemblance (such as ", "poetaster", "), usually diminutive and deprecatory, from Latin, from Greek ", "-aster", ", suffix originally forming nouns from verbs ending in ", "-azein", ", later generalized as a pejorative suffix, as in Greek ", "patraster", " "he who plays the father."", "word-forming element used in forming nouns from Latin words ending in ", "-atus", ", ", "-atum", " (such as ", "estate", ", ", "primate", ", ", "senate", "). Those that came to English via Old and Middle French often arrived with ", "-at", ", but an ", "-e", " was added after c.1400 to indicate the long vowel. The suffix also can mark adjectives, formed from Latin past participals in ", "-atus", ", ", "-ata", " (such as ", "desolate", ", ", "moderate", ", ", "separate", "), again, they often were adopted in Middle English as ", "-at", ", with an ", "-e", " appended after c.1400.", "verbal suffix for Latin verbs in ", "-are", ", identical with ", "-ate", " (1). Old English commonly made verbs from adjectives by adding a verbal ending to the word (such as ", "gnornian", " "be sad, mourn," ", "gnorn", " "sad, depressed"), but as the inflections wore off English words in late Old and early Middle English, there came to be no difference between the adjective and the verb in ", "dry", ", ", "empty", ", ", "warm", ", etc. Thus accustomed to the identity of adjectival and verbal forms of a word, the English, when they began to expand their Latin-based vocabulary after c.1500, simply made verbs from Latin past-participial adjectives without changing their form (such as ", "aggravate", ", ", "substantiate", ") and it became the custom that Latin verbs were anglicized from their past participle stems.", "in chemistry, word-forming element used to form the names of salts from acids in ", "-ic", "; from Latin ", "-atus", ", ", "-atum", ", suffix used in forming adjectives and thence nouns; identical with ", "-ate", " (1).\r\n", "\r\nThe substance formed, for example, by the action of acetic acid (vinegar) on lead was described in the 18th century as ", "plumbum acetatum", ", i.e. acetated lead. ", "Acetatum", " was then taken as a noun meaning "the acetated (product)," i.e. ", "acetate", ". [W.E. Flood, "The Origins of Chemical Names," London, 1963]\r\n", "also ", "-thon", ", word-forming element denoting prolonged activity and usually some measure of endurance, abstracted from ", "marathon", ". E.g. ", "walkathon", " (1931), ", "skatathon", " (1933); ", "talkathon", " (1948); ", "telethon", " (1949).\r\n", "word-forming element for making nouns of action; see ", "-ion", ".", "word-forming element meaning "of or related to; tending to," from Latin ", "-ativus", ". ", "indefinite article, mid-12c., a variation of Old English ", "an", " (see ", "an", ") in which the ", "-n-", " began to disappear before consonants, a process mostly complete by mid-14c. The ", "-n-", " also was retained before words beginning with a sounded ", "-h-", " until c.1600; it still is retained by many writers before unaccented syllables in ", "h-", " or ", "(e)u-,", " but is now no longer normally spoken as such. The ", "-n-", " also lingered (especially in southern England dialect) before ", "-w-", " and ", "-y-", " through 15c.", "as in ", "twice a day", ", etc., from Old English ", "an", " "on," in this case "on each." The sense was extended from time to measure, price, place, etc. The habit of tacking ", "a", " onto a gerund (as in ", "a-hunting we will go", ") died out 18c.", "1876, earlier ", "alla capella", " (1847), from Italian, "in the manner of the chapel," literally "according to the chapel," from ", "cappella", " "chapel" (see ", "chapel", "). Originally in reference to older church music (pre-1600) which was written for unaccompanied voices; applied 20c. to unaccompanied vocal music generally.", "French, ", "\u00e0 deux", ", literally "for two" (see ", "deuce", ").", "from French ", "\u00e0 la", ", "in the manner of;" used in English in French terms from fashion or cookery since late 16c.; used in native formations with English words or names from c.1800 (first attested in Jane Austen).", "1826, from French ", "\u00e0 la carte", ", literally "by the card" (see ", "card", " (n.)); in other words, "ordered by separate items." Distinguished from ", "a table d'h\u00f4te", ", meal served at a fixed, inclusive price.", "1640s, from French ", "\u00e0 la mode", " (15c.), literally "in the fashion" (see ", "mode", " (n.2)). In 17c., sometimes nativized as ", "all-a-mode", ". Cookery sense of a dessert served with ice cream is 1903, American English.", "Latin, literally "from what comes after" (see ", "posterior", "). ", "1710, "from cause to effect" (a logical term, in reference to reasoning), Latin, literally "from what comes first," from ", "priori", ", ablative of ", "prior", " "first" (see ", "prior", " (adj.)). Used loosely for "in accordance with previous knowledge" (1834).", "U.S. grocery chain, originally ", "The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company,", " founded 1859 by George Huntington Hartford and George Gilman.", "in native (derived from Old English) words, it most commonly represents Old English ", "an", " "on" (see ", "a", " (2)), as in ", "alive", ", ", "asleep", ", ", "abroad", ", ", "afoot", ", etc., forming adjectives and adverbs from nouns; but it also can be Middle English ", "of", ", as in ", "anew", ", ", "abreast", " (1590s); or a reduced form of Old English past participle prefix ", "ge-", ", as in ", "aware", "; or the Old English intensive ", "a-", ", as in ", "arise", ", ", "awake", ", ", "ashame", ", marking a verb as momentary, a single event. In words from Romanic languages, often it represents Latin ", "ad-", " "to, at."", "[I]t naturally happened that all these ", "a-", " prefixes were at length confusedly lumped together in idea, and the resultant ", "a-", " looked upon as vaguely intensive, rhetorical, euphonic, or even archaic, and wholly otiose. [OED]", "prefix meaning "not," from Latin ", "a-", ", short for ", "ab", " "away from" (as in ", "avert", "); see ", "ab-", ".", "prefix meaning "not," from Greek ", "a-", ", ", "an-", " "not," from PIE root ", "_ne", " "not" (see ", "un-", ").", "in figurative sense of "first-rate," 1837, in Dickens; from Lloyd's of London designation for ships in first-class condition (with the letter referring to the condition of the ship and the number to that of the stores)."], "word": ["-ability", "-able", "-acea", "-aceous", "-acious", "-ad", "-ade", "-ado", "-ae", "-age", "-aholic", "-al (1)", "-al (2)", "-al (3)", "-algia", "-amide", "-an", "-ana", "-ance", "-ancy", "-ane", "-ant", "-ar", "-arch", "-archy", "-ard", "-ary", "-ase", "-ast", "-aster", "-ate (1)", "-ate (2)", "-ate (3)", "-athon", "-ation", "-ative", "a (1)", "a (2)", "a capella", "a deux", "a la", "a la carte", "a la mode", "a posteriori", "a priori", "A&P", "a- (1)", "a- (2)", "a- (3)", "A-1"]},