its one of a Creational Patterns which consist of:

• Factory: which creates objects.
• Protocol: which defines the methods that the products should implement.
• Products: the objects that are created

its one of the Creational Patterns which consist of:

• Product: which is a complex object to be created.
• Builder: accepts step by step inputs and handle the creation of product.
• Director: accepts inputs and coordinates with the builder.

its one of a Behavioral Patterns because it's all about objects communication[one-to-one] which consist of three parts:

• Delegating object: It’s the object that has a delegate. The delegate is usually held as a weak property to avoid a retain cycle.
• Delegate protocol: which defines the methods that the delegate should implement.
• Delegate: This is the helper object that implements the delegate protocol.

its one of a Behavioral Patterns which consist of four parts:

• Client: Object using an adapter and depends on the protocol
• protocol: which defines the methods we need
• Adaptee/legacy object: cannot be modified directly so we need add extension or create new adapter
• adapter: which helps us to make the incompatible objects deal with each other

protocol Target {
    func request()
}

class Adaptee {
    func specificRequest() {
        print("Specific request")
    }
}

class Adapter: Target {
    private let adaptee: Adaptee

    init(adaptee: Adaptee) {
        self.adaptee = adaptee
    }

    func request() {
        adaptee.specificRequest()
    }
}

let adaptee = Adaptee()
let adapter = Adapter(adaptee: adaptee)

adapter.request() // Prints "Specific request"