Simple Circuit Breaker

This library is a fully featured Simple Circuit Breaker for JAVA 7 and above. It is directly inspired by Resilience4j in term of functionality and parameters. Only TIME_BASED sliding window is implemented in the current release.

It supports the 5 states:

OPEN
CLOSED
HALF_OPEN
DISABLED: broker is always closed (via property slidingWindowSize set to 0)
FORCED_OPEN: broker is always opened (via property slidingWindowSize set to -1)

The following Resilience4j configuration properties are supported. maxDurationOpenInHalfOpenState is a new property described in the sample code paragraph. name is a new property that is used for logging purpose. If specified, each line is prefixed by [name].

Config property	Default Value	Special Values
name	Empty string
failureRateThreshold	50	If set to 0, breaker will ignore failures
slowCallRateThreshold	100	If set to 0, breaker will ignore slow calls
slowCallDurationThreshold	60000 [ms]	If set to 0, breaker will ignore slow calls
permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState	10	0 to move from open to closed state directly, without any half-open state
slidingWindowSize	100 [s]	0 to set breaker in DISABLED state, -1 to set breaker in FORCED_OPEN state
minimumNumberOfCalls	10
waitDurationInOpenState	60000 [ms]
maxDurationOpenInHalfOpenState	120000 [ms]	If set to 0, the breaker in HALF_OPEN state will wait forever for the outcome (fail or success) of all the permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState calls

Sample Code

Pseudo-code should look like bellow. Actual simple code can be found in DemoApp.

CircuitBreakerConfig config = new CircuitBreakerConfig();
config.set...;
logger.info(config);
CircuitBreaker circuitBreaker = new CircuitBreaker(config);
loop
  if(circuitBreaker.isClosedForThisCall())
    doSomething();
    if success
      circuitBreaker.callSucceeded(doSomething duration);
    else
      circuitBreaker.callFailed(doSomething duration);

Important: callSucceeded() or callFailed() must always be invoked after isClosedForThisCall(). Otherwise breaker in HALF_OPEN state will never move to another state, waiting for the results of the permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState calls.

To avoid this situation a new property called maxDurationOpenInHalfOpenState is introduced. In HALF_OPEN state, after permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState calls to isClosedForThisCall() (which returns true), all its subsequent calls (which returns false) means no business logic should be executed as the circuit is opened. If this open circuit situation lasts longer than maxDurationOpenInHalfOpenState ms, the breaker goes back automatically to the CLOSED state.

Circuit Breaker Configuration using Properties

The circuit breaker can easily be configured using java.util.Properties, possibly adding prefix, for example:

Properties properties = new Properties();
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("my-breaker.config");
props.load(fis);
fis.close();
CircuitBreakerConfig config = new CircuitBreakerConfig("SVC1.", properties);
CircuitBreaker circuitBreaker = new CircuitBreaker(config);

Where the file my-breaker.config contains values to override the default values:

SVC1.name=ABC
SVC1.failureRateThreshold=20
SVC1.slidingWindowSize=150

Overhead

Load test, included in the JUnit tests, shows an overhead less than 0.05ms per wrapped logic. It is actually very difficult to measure as this time is very short and sensitive to server load and other factors like GC.

The load test is based on 4 concurrent threads running with a CLOSED circuit breaker, with a wrapped logic around 6.5ms.

Concurrency

The code has 3 synchronized methods, it has minimum impact to initial code performance. Actual business logic (doSomething() in the pseudo-code above) is not included in the synchronized code, so blocking time is minimum

boolean isClosedForThisCall() to check the state of the breaker for this current call
void callFailed(long callDuration) to inform the breaker that the call failed
void callSucceeded(long callDuration) to inform the breaker that the call succeeded

Event Listeners

The library supports listening for breaker state events. Registration and event consumption is straight forward. DemoApp contains an example.

Registered Event Listeners are notified by a background thread.

circuitBreaker.getBreakerStateEventManager().addBreakerStateEventListener(new BreakerStateEventListener() {
    @Override
    public void onCircuitBreakerStateChangeEvent(CircuitBreakerStateChangeEvent event) {
        logger.warning("CircuitBreaker state changed. " + event);
        ...
    }
});

Events contain information about the breaker state change as well as the reason with statistics. Here is content when events are logged to console.

config:{name:ABC, failureRateThreshold:75.1, slowCallRateThreshold:45.0, slowCallDurationThreshold:528, permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState:5, slidingWindowSize:30, minimumNumberOfCalls:20, waitDurationOpenedState:2000, maxDurationOpenInHalfOpenState:1100}
...
...
CircuitBreaker state changed. circuitBreakerName:ABC, newBreakerStateType:OPEN, creationTimestamp:1584250428589, details:"Threshold exceeded. countStats:{callCount:80, failureCallCount:26, slowCallDurationCount:36, failureRate:32.5, slowCallRate:45.0}"
...
...
CircuitBreaker state changed. circuitBreakerName:ABC, newBreakerStateType:HALF_OPEN, creationTimestamp:1584250430632, details:"WaitDurationInOpenState is over"
...
...
CircuitBreaker state changed. circuitBreakerName:ABC, newBreakerStateType:OPEN, creationTimestamp:1584250432231, details:"Reached permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState and threshold exceeded. countStats:{callCount:5, failureCallCount:1, slowCallDurationCount:4, failureRate:20.0, slowCallRate:80.0}"
...
...
CircuitBreaker state changed. circuitBreakerName:ABC, newBreakerStateType:HALF_OPEN, creationTimestamp:1584250434265, details:"WaitDurationInOpenState is over"
...
...
CircuitBreaker state changed. circuitBreakerName:ABC, newBreakerStateType:CLOSED, creationTimestamp:1584250435804, details:"Reached permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState and no threshold exceeded. countStats:{callCount:5, failureCallCount:3, slowCallDurationCount:2, failureRate:60.0, slowCallRate:40.0}"
...
...

Another example showing the behavior of maxDurationOpenInHalfOpenState.

...
...
CircuitBreaker state changed. circuitBreakerName:ABC, newBreakerStateType:CLOSED, creationTimestamp:1584250604694, details:"Reached permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState and no threshold exceeded. countStats:{callCount:5, failureCallCount:0, slowCallDurationCount:2, failureRate:0.0, slowCallRate:40.0}"
...
...
CircuitBreaker state changed. circuitBreakerName:ABC, newBreakerStateType:OPEN, creationTimestamp:1584250609427, details:"Threshold exceeded. countStats:{callCount:20, failureCallCount:3, slowCallDurationCount:10, failureRate:15.0, slowCallRate:50.0}"
...
...
CircuitBreaker state changed. circuitBreakerName:ABC, newBreakerStateType:HALF_OPEN, creationTimestamp:1584250611443, details:"WaitDurationInOpenState is over"
...
...
CircuitBreaker state changed. circuitBreakerName:ABC, newBreakerStateType:CLOSED, creationTimestamp:1584250613133, details:"MaxDurationOpenInHalfOpenState is over. countStats:{callCount:4, failureCallCount:0, slowCallDurationCount:2}"
...
...

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