This is when you finally understand why a URL starts with HTTP
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A socket is one end of an interprocess communication channel.
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Processes can communicate with each other only if their sockets are of the same type and in the same domain
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There are two widely used address domains
- unix domain, in which two processes which share a common file system communicate
- Internet domain in which two processes running on any two hosts on the Internet communicate
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Each socket needs a port number on that host. Port numbers are 16 bit unsigned integers. The lower numbers are reserved in Unix for standard services
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There are two widely used socket types, stream sockets, and datagram sockets
- Stream sockets use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), which is a reliable, stream oriented protocol
- Datagram sockets use UDP (Unix Datagram Protocol), which is unreliable and message oriented.
The steps involved in establishing a socket on the client side are as follows:
- Create a socket with the socket() system call
- Connect the socket to the address of the server using the connect() system call
- Send and receive data
Syntax: server { ... }
Default: —
Context: http
Sets configuration for a virtual server.
Syntax: listen address[:port] ...
Default: listen *:80 | *:8000;
Context: server
Sets the address and port for IP.
Syntax: server_name name ...;
Default: server_name _;
Context: server
Sets names of a virtual server.
Syntax: error_page code ... uri;
Default: —
Context: server
Defines the URI that will be shown for the specified errors.
Syntax: client_max_body_size size;
Default: client_max_body_size 1m;
Context: server
Sets the maximum allowed size of the client request body.
Syntax: root path;
Default: root html;
Context: server
Sets the root directory for requests.
Syntax: location uri { ... }
Default: /
Context: server
Sets configuration depending on a request URI.
Syntax: index file ...;
Default: index index.html;
Context: server
Defines files that will be used as an index.
Syntax: auto on | off;
Default: autoindex off;
Context: location
Enables or disables the directory listing output.
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