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SDXL is now supported. The sdxl branch has been merged into the main branch. If you update the repository, please follow the upgrade instructions. Also, the version of accelerate has been updated, so please run accelerate config again. The documentation for SDXL training is here.

This repository contains training, generation and utility scripts for Stable Diffusion.

Change History is moved to the bottom of the page. 更新履歴はページ末尾に移しました。

日本語版READMEはこちら

For easier use (GUI and PowerShell scripts etc...), please visit the repository maintained by bmaltais. Thanks to @bmaltais!

This repository contains the scripts for:

• DreamBooth training, including U-Net and Text Encoder
• Fine-tuning (native training), including U-Net and Text Encoder
• LoRA training
• Textual Inversion training
• Image generation
• Model conversion (supports 1.x and 2.x, Stable Diffision ckpt/safetensors and Diffusers)

These files do not contain requirements for PyTorch. Because the versions of them depend on your environment. Please install PyTorch at first (see installation guide below.)

The scripts are tested with Pytorch 2.0.1. 1.12.1 is not tested but should work.

Most of the documents are written in Japanese.

English translation by darkstorm2150 is here. Thanks to darkstorm2150!

• Training guide - common : data preparation, options etc...
  • Chinese version
• Dataset config
• DreamBooth training guide
• Step by Step fine-tuning guide:
• training LoRA
• training Textual Inversion
• Image generation
• note.com Model conversion

Python 3.10.6 and Git:

• Python 3.10.6: https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.6/python-3.10.6-amd64.exe
• git: https://git-scm.com/download/win

Give unrestricted script access to powershell so venv can work:

• Open an administrator powershell window
• Type Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted and answer A
• Close admin powershell window

Open a regular Powershell terminal and type the following inside:

git clone https://github.com/kohya-ss/sd-scripts.git
cd sd-scripts

python -m venv venv
.\venv\Scripts\activate

pip install torch==2.0.1+cu118 torchvision==0.15.2+cu118 --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118
pip install --upgrade -r requirements.txt
pip install xformers==0.0.20

accelerate config

Note: Now bitsandbytes is optional. Please install any version of bitsandbytes as needed. Installation instructions are in the following section.

Answers to accelerate config:

- This machine
- No distributed training
- NO
- NO
- NO
- all
- fp16

note: Some user reports ValueError: fp16 mixed precision requires a GPU is occurred in training. In this case, answer 0 for the 6th question: What GPU(s) (by id) should be used for training on this machine as a comma-separated list? [all]:

(Single GPU with id 0 will be used.)

For 8bit optimizer, you need to install bitsandbytes. For Linux, please install bitsandbytes as usual (0.41.1 or later is recommended.)

For Windows, there are several versions of bitsandbytes:

• bitsandbytes 0.35.0: Stable version. AdamW8bit is available. full_bf16 is not available.
• bitsandbytes 0.41.1: Lion8bit, PagedAdamW8bit and PagedLion8bit are available. full_bf16 is available.

Note: bitsandbytesabove 0.35.0 till 0.41.0 seems to have an issue: bitsandbytes-foundation/bitsandbytes#659

Follow the instructions below to install bitsandbytes for Windows.

Open a regular Powershell terminal and type the following inside:

cd sd-scripts
.\venv\Scripts\activate
pip install bitsandbytes==0.35.0

cp .\bitsandbytes_windows\*.dll .\venv\Lib\site-packages\bitsandbytes\
cp .\bitsandbytes_windows\cextension.py .\venv\Lib\site-packages\bitsandbytes\cextension.py
cp .\bitsandbytes_windows\main.py .\venv\Lib\site-packages\bitsandbytes\cuda_setup\main.py

This will install bitsandbytes 0.35.0 and copy the necessary files to the bitsandbytes directory.

Install the Windows version whl file from here or other sources, like:

python -m pip install bitsandbytes==0.41.1 --prefer-binary --extra-index-url=https://jllllll.github.io/bitsandbytes-windows-webui

When a new release comes out you can upgrade your repo with the following command:

cd sd-scripts
git pull
.\venv\Scripts\activate
pip install --use-pep517 --upgrade -r requirements.txt

Once the commands have completed successfully you should be ready to use the new version.

The implementation for LoRA is based on cloneofsimo's repo. Thank you for great work!

The LoRA expansion to Conv2d 3x3 was initially released by cloneofsimo and its effectiveness was demonstrated at LoCon by KohakuBlueleaf. Thank you so much KohakuBlueleaf!

The majority of scripts is licensed under ASL 2.0 (including codes from Diffusers, cloneofsimo's and LoCon), however portions of the project are available under separate license terms:

Memory Efficient Attention Pytorch: MIT

bitsandbytes: MIT

BLIP: BSD-3-Clause

The documentation in this section will be moved to a separate document later.

• sdxl_train.py is a script for SDXL fine-tuning. The usage is almost the same as fine_tune.py, but it also supports DreamBooth dataset.

  • --full_bf16 option is added. Thanks to KohakuBlueleaf!
    • This option enables the full bfloat16 training (includes gradients). This option is useful to reduce the GPU memory usage.
    • The full bfloat16 training might be unstable. Please use it at your own risk.
  • The different learning rates for each U-Net block are now supported in sdxl_train.py. Specify with --block_lr option. Specify 23 values separated by commas like --block_lr 1e-3,1e-3 ... 1e-3.
    • 23 values correspond to 0: time/label embed, 1-9: input blocks 0-8, 10-12: mid blocks 0-2, 13-21: output blocks 0-8, 22: out.

• prepare_buckets_latents.py now supports SDXL fine-tuning.

• sdxl_train_network.py is a script for LoRA training for SDXL. The usage is almost the same as train_network.py.

• Both scripts has following additional options:

  • --cache_text_encoder_outputs and --cache_text_encoder_outputs_to_disk: Cache the outputs of the text encoders. This option is useful to reduce the GPU memory usage. This option cannot be used with options for shuffling or dropping the captions.
  • --no_half_vae: Disable the half-precision (mixed-precision) VAE. VAE for SDXL seems to produce NaNs in some cases. This option is useful to avoid the NaNs.

• --weighted_captions option is not supported yet for both scripts.

• sdxl_train_textual_inversion.py is a script for Textual Inversion training for SDXL. The usage is almost the same as train_textual_inversion.py.

  • --cache_text_encoder_outputs is not supported.
  • There are two options for captions:
    1. Training with captions. All captions must include the token string. The token string is replaced with multiple tokens.
    2. Use --use_object_template or --use_style_template option. The captions are generated from the template. The existing captions are ignored.
  • See below for the format of the embeddings.

• --min_timestep and --max_timestep options are added to each training script. These options can be used to train U-Net with different timesteps. The default values are 0 and 1000.

• tools/cache_latents.py is added. This script can be used to cache the latents to disk in advance.

  • The options are almost the same as `sdxl_train.py'. See the help message for the usage.
  • Please launch the script as follows: accelerate launch --num_cpu_threads_per_process 1 tools/cache_latents.py ...
  • This script should work with multi-GPU, but it is not tested in my environment.

• tools/cache_text_encoder_outputs.py is added. This script can be used to cache the text encoder outputs to disk in advance.

  • The options are almost the same as cache_latents.py and sdxl_train.py. See the help message for the usage.

• sdxl_gen_img.py is added. This script can be used to generate images with SDXL, including LoRA, Textual Inversion and ControlNet-LLLite. See the help message for the usage.

• The default resolution of SDXL is 1024x1024.
• The fine-tuning can be done with 24GB GPU memory with the batch size of 1. For 24GB GPU, the following options are recommended for the fine-tuning with 24GB GPU memory:
  • Train U-Net only.
  • Use gradient checkpointing.
  • Use --cache_text_encoder_outputs option and caching latents.
  • Use Adafactor optimizer. RMSprop 8bit or Adagrad 8bit may work. AdamW 8bit doesn't seem to work.
• The LoRA training can be done with 8GB GPU memory (10GB recommended). For reducing the GPU memory usage, the following options are recommended:
  • Train U-Net only.
  • Use gradient checkpointing.
  • Use --cache_text_encoder_outputs option and caching latents.
  • Use one of 8bit optimizers or Adafactor optimizer.
  • Use lower dim (4 to 8 for 8GB GPU).
• --network_train_unet_only option is highly recommended for SDXL LoRA. Because SDXL has two text encoders, the result of the training will be unexpected.
• PyTorch 2 seems to use slightly less GPU memory than PyTorch 1.
• --bucket_reso_steps can be set to 32 instead of the default value 64. Smaller values than 32 will not work for SDXL training.

Example of the optimizer settings for Adafactor with the fixed learning rate:

optimizer_type = "adafactor"
optimizer_args = [ "scale_parameter=False", "relative_step=False", "warmup_init=False" ]
lr_scheduler = "constant_with_warmup"
lr_warmup_steps = 100
learning_rate = 4e-7 # SDXL original learning rate

from safetensors.torch import save_file

state_dict = {"clip_g": embs_for_text_encoder_1280, "clip_l": embs_for_text_encoder_768}
save_file(state_dict, file)

ControlNet-LLLite, a novel method for ControlNet with SDXL, is added. See documentation for details.

train_network.py, sdxl_train_network.py and sdxl_train.py now support the masked loss. --masked_loss option is added.

NOTE: train_network.py and sdxl_train.py are not tested yet.

ControlNet dataset is used to specify the mask. The mask images should be the RGB images. The pixel value 255 in R channel is treated as the mask (the loss is calculated only for the pixels with the mask), and 0 is treated as the non-mask. See details for the dataset specification in the LLLite documentation.

• Colab seems to stop with log output. Try specifying --console_log_simple option in the training script to disable rich logging.

• train_network.py and sdxl_train_network.py are modified to record some dataset settings in the metadata of the trained model (caption_prefix, caption_suffix, keep_tokens_separator, secondary_separator, enable_wildcard).

• Some features are added to the dataset subset settings.

  • secondary_separator is added to specify the tag separator that is not the target of shuffling or dropping.
    • Specify secondary_separator=";;;". When you specify secondary_separator, the part is not shuffled or dropped. See the example below.
  • enable_wildcard is added. When set to true, the wildcard notation {aaa|bbb|ccc} can be used. See the example below.
  • keep_tokens_separator is updated to be used twice in the caption. When you specify keep_tokens_separator="|||", the part divided by the second ||| is not shuffled or dropped and remains at the end.
  • The existing features caption_prefix and caption_suffix can be used together. caption_prefix and caption_suffix are processed first, and then enable_wildcard, keep_tokens_separator, shuffling and dropping, and secondary_separator are processed in order.
  • The examples are shown below.

• Colab での動作時、ログ出力で停止してしまうようです。学習スクリプトに --console_log_simple オプションを指定し、rich のロギングを無効してお試しください。

• train_network.py および sdxl_train_network.py で、学習したモデルのメタデータに一部のデータセット設定が記録されるよう修正しました（caption_prefix、caption_suffix、keep_tokens_separator、secondary_separator、enable_wildcard）。

• データセットのサブセット設定にいくつかの機能を追加しました。

  • シャッフルの対象とならないタグ分割識別子の指定 secondary_separator を追加しました。secondary_separator=";;;" のように指定します。secondary_separator で区切ることで、その部分はシャッフル、drop 時にまとめて扱われます。詳しくは記述例をご覧ください。
  • enable_wildcard を追加しました。true にするとワイルドカード記法 {aaa|bbb|ccc} が使えます。詳しくは記述例をご覧ください。
  • keep_tokens_separator をキャプション内に 2 つ使えるようにしました。たとえば keep_tokens_separator="|||" と指定したとき、1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid ||| stage, mic ||| best quality, rating: general とキャプションを指定すると、二番目の ||| で分割された部分はシャッフル、drop されず末尾に残ります。
  • 既存の機能 caption_prefix と caption_suffix とあわせて使えます。caption_prefix と caption_suffix は一番最初に処理され、その後、ワイルドカード、keep_tokens_separator、シャッフルおよび drop、secondary_separator の順に処理されます。

[general]
flip_aug = true
color_aug = false
resolution = [1024, 1024]

[[datasets]]
batch_size = 6
enable_bucket = true
bucket_no_upscale = true
caption_extension = ".txt"
keep_tokens_separator= "|||"
shuffle_caption = true
caption_tag_dropout_rate = 0.1
secondary_separator = ";;;" # subset 側に書くこともできます / can be written in the subset side
enable_wildcard = true # 同上 / same as above

  [[datasets.subsets]]
  image_dir = "/path/to/image_dir"
  num_repeats = 1

  # ||| の前後はカンマは不要です（自動的に追加されます） / No comma is required before and after ||| (it is added automatically)
  caption_prefix = "1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid |||" 
  
  # ||| の後はシャッフル、drop されず残ります / After |||, it is not shuffled or dropped and remains
  # 単純に文字列として連結されるので、カンマなどは自分で入れる必要があります / It is simply concatenated as a string, so you need to put commas yourself
  caption_suffix = ", anime screencap ||| masterpiece, rating: general"

1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, upper body, looking at viewer, sky;;;cloud;;;day, outdoors

The part sky;;;cloud;;;day is replaced with sky,cloud,day without shuffling or dropping. When shuffling and dropping are enabled, it is processed as a whole (as one tag). For example, it becomes vocaloid, 1girl, upper body, sky,cloud,day, outdoors, hatsune miku (shuffled) or vocaloid, 1girl, outdoors, looking at viewer, upper body, hatsune miku (dropped).

1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, upper body, looking at viewer, {simple|white} background

simple or white is randomly selected, and it becomes simple background or white background.

1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, {{retro style}}

If you want to include { or } in the tag string, double them like {{ or }} (in this example, the actual caption used for training is {retro style}).

1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid ||| stage, microphone, white shirt, smile ||| best quality, rating: general

It becomes 1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, microphone, stage, white shirt, best quality, rating: general or 1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, white shirt, smile, stage, microphone, best quality, rating: general etc.

1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, upper body, looking at viewer, sky;;;cloud;;;day, outdoors

sky;;;cloud;;;day の部分はシャッフル、drop されず sky,cloud,day に置換されます。シャッフル、drop が有効な場合、まとめて（一つのタグとして）処理されます。つまり vocaloid, 1girl, upper body, sky,cloud,day, outdoors, hatsune miku （シャッフル）や vocaloid, 1girl, outdoors, looking at viewer, upper body, hatsune miku （drop されたケース）などになります。

1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, upper body, looking at viewer, {simple|white} background

ランダムに simple または white が選ばれ、simple background または white background になります。

1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, {{retro style}}

タグ文字列に { や } そのものを含めたい場合は {{ や }} のように二つ重ねてください（この例では実際に学習に用いられるキャプションは {retro style} になります）。

1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid ||| stage, microphone, white shirt, smile ||| best quality, rating: general

1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, microphone, stage, white shirt, best quality, rating: general や 1girl, hatsune miku, vocaloid, white shirt, smile, stage, microphone, best quality, rating: general などになります。

• The log output has been improved. PR #905 Thanks to shirayu!

  • The log is formatted by default. The rich library is required. Please see Upgrade and update the library.
  • If rich is not installed, the log output will be the same as before.
  • The following options are available in each training script:
  • --console_log_simple option can be used to switch to the previous log output.
  • --console_log_level option can be used to specify the log level. The default is INFO.
  • --console_log_file option can be used to output the log to a file. The default is None (output to the console).

• The sample image generation during multi-GPU training is now done with multiple GPUs. PR #1061 Thanks to DKnight54!

• The support for mps devices is improved. PR #1054 Thanks to akx! If mps device exists instead of CUDA, the mps device is used automatically.

• The --new_conv_rank option to specify the new rank of Conv2d is added to networks/resize_lora.py. PR #1102 Thanks to mgz-dev!

• An option --highvram to disable the optimization for environments with little VRAM is added to the training scripts. If you specify it when there is enough VRAM, the operation will be faster.

  • Currently, only the cache part of latents is optimized.

• The IPEX support is improved. PR #1086 Thanks to Disty0!

• Fixed a bug that svd_merge_lora.py crashes in some cases. PR #1087 Thanks to mgz-dev!

• DyLoRA is fixed to work with SDXL. PR #1126 Thanks to tamlog06!

• The common image generation script gen_img.py for SD 1/2 and SDXL is added. The basic functions are the same as the scripts for SD 1/2 and SDXL, but some new features are added.

  • External scripts to generate prompts can be supported. It can be called with --from_module option. (The documentation will be added later)
  • The normalization method after prompt weighting can be specified with --emb_normalize_mode option. original is the original method, abs is the normalization with the average of the absolute values, none is no normalization.

• Gradual Latent Hires fix is added to each generation script. See here for details.

• ログ出力が改善されました。 PR #905 shirayu 氏に感謝します。

  • デフォルトでログが成形されます。rich ライブラリが必要なため、Upgrade を参照し更新をお願いします。
  • rich がインストールされていない場合は、従来のログ出力になります。
  • 各学習スクリプトでは以下のオプションが有効です。
  • --console_log_simple オプションで従来のログ出力に切り替えられます。
  • --console_log_level でログレベルを指定できます。デフォルトは INFO です。
  • --console_log_file でログファイルを出力できます。デフォルトは None（コンソールに出力） です。

• 複数 GPU 学習時に学習中のサンプル画像生成を複数 GPU で行うようになりました。 PR #1061 DKnight54 氏に感謝します。

• mps デバイスのサポートが改善されました。 PR #1054 akx 氏に感謝します。CUDA ではなく mps が存在する場合には自動的に mps デバイスを使用します。

• networks/resize_lora.py に Conv2d の新しいランクを指定するオプション --new_conv_rank が追加されました。 PR #1102 mgz-dev 氏に感謝します。

• 学習スクリプトに VRAMが少ない環境向け最適化を無効にするオプション --highvram を追加しました。VRAM に余裕がある場合に指定すると動作が高速化されます。

  • 現在は latents のキャッシュ部分のみ高速化されます。

• IPEX サポートが改善されました。 PR #1086 Disty0 氏に感謝します。

• svd_merge_lora.py が場合によってエラーになる不具合が修正されました。 PR #1087 mgz-dev 氏に感謝します。

• DyLoRA が SDXL で動くよう修正されました。PR #1126 tamlog06 氏に感謝します。

• SD 1/2 および SDXL 共通の生成スクリプト gen_img.py を追加しました。基本的な機能は SD 1/2、SDXL 向けスクリプトと同じですが、いくつかの新機能が追加されています。

  • プロンプトを動的に生成する外部スクリプトをサポートしました。 --from_module で呼び出せます。（ドキュメントはのちほど追加します）
  • プロンプト重みづけ後の正規化方法を --emb_normalize_mode で指定できます。original は元の方法、abs は絶対値の平均値で正規化、none は正規化を行いません。

• Gradual Latent Hires fix を各生成スクリプトに追加しました。詳細は こちら。

• Fixed a bug that the training crashes when --fp8_base is specified with --save_state. PR #1079 Thanks to feffy380!

  • safetensors is updated. Please see Upgrade and update the library.

• Fixed a bug that the training crashes when network_multiplier is specified with multi-GPU training. PR #1084 Thanks to fireicewolf!

• Fixed a bug that the training crashes when training ControlNet-LLLite.

• --fp8_base 指定時に --save_state での保存がエラーになる不具合が修正されました。 PR #1079 feffy380 氏に感謝します。

  • safetensors がバージョンアップされていますので、Upgrade を参照し更新をお願いします。

• 複数 GPU での学習時に network_multiplier を指定するとクラッシュする不具合が修正されました。 PR #1084 fireicewolf 氏に感謝します。

• ControlNet-LLLite の学習がエラーになる不具合を修正しました。

Please read Releases for recent updates. 最近の更新情報は Release をご覧ください。

The LoRA supported by train_network.py has been named to avoid confusion. The documentation has been updated. The following are the names of LoRA types in this repository.

1. LoRA-LierLa : (LoRA for Li n e a r La yers)

   LoRA for Linear layers and Conv2d layers with 1x1 kernel

2. LoRA-C3Lier : (LoRA for C olutional layers with 3 x3 Kernel and Li n e a r layers)

   In addition to 1., LoRA for Conv2d layers with 3x3 kernel

LoRA-LierLa is the default LoRA type for train_network.py (without conv_dim network arg). LoRA-LierLa can be used with our extension for AUTOMATIC1111's Web UI, or with the built-in LoRA feature of the Web UI.

To use LoRA-C3Lier with Web UI, please use our extension.

train_network.py がサポートするLoRAについて、混乱を避けるため名前を付けました。ドキュメントは更新済みです。以下は当リポジトリ内の独自の名称です。

1. LoRA-LierLa : (LoRA for Li n e a r La yers、リエラと読みます)

   Linear 層およびカーネルサイズ 1x1 の Conv2d 層に適用されるLoRA

2. LoRA-C3Lier : (LoRA for C olutional layers with 3 x3 Kernel and Li n e a r layers、セリアと読みます)

   1.に加え、カーネルサイズ 3x3 の Conv2d 層に適用されるLoRA

LoRA-LierLa はWeb UI向け拡張、またはAUTOMATIC1111氏のWeb UIのLoRA機能で使用することができます。

LoRA-C3Lierを使いWeb UIで生成するには拡張を使用してください。

A prompt file might look like this, for example

# prompt 1
masterpiece, best quality, (1girl), in white shirts, upper body, looking at viewer, simple background --n low quality, worst quality, bad anatomy,bad composition, poor, low effort --w 768 --h 768 --d 1 --l 7.5 --s 28

# prompt 2
masterpiece, best quality, 1boy, in business suit, standing at street, looking back --n (low quality, worst quality), bad anatomy,bad composition, poor, low effort --w 576 --h 832 --d 2 --l 5.5 --s 40

Lines beginning with # are comments. You can specify options for the generated image with options like --n after the prompt. The following can be used.

• --n Negative prompt up to the next option.
• --w Specifies the width of the generated image.
• --h Specifies the height of the generated image.
• --d Specifies the seed of the generated image.
• --l Specifies the CFG scale of the generated image.
• --s Specifies the number of steps in the generation.

The prompt weighting such as ( ) and [ ] are working.

プロンプトファイルは例えば以下のようになります。

# prompt 1
masterpiece, best quality, (1girl), in white shirts, upper body, looking at viewer, simple background --n low quality, worst quality, bad anatomy,bad composition, poor, low effort --w 768 --h 768 --d 1 --l 7.5 --s 28

# prompt 2
masterpiece, best quality, 1boy, in business suit, standing at street, looking back --n (low quality, worst quality), bad anatomy,bad composition, poor, low effort --w 576 --h 832 --d 2 --l 5.5 --s 40

# で始まる行はコメントになります。--n のように「ハイフン二個＋英小文字」の形でオプションを指定できます。以下が使用可能できます。

• --n Negative prompt up to the next option.
• --w Specifies the width of the generated image.
• --h Specifies the height of the generated image.
• --d Specifies the seed of the generated image.
• --l Specifies the CFG scale of the generated image.
• --s Specifies the number of steps in the generation.

( ) や [ ] などの重みづけも動作します。