This repo contains the Android Package (APK) of ESPIT and IESPIT apps from the paper: "An Assistive PIN Input Technology for the Visually Impaired".

A video of the IESPIT working application can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fsqFm_TVpY

Personal identification number (PIN) passwords are the preferred authentication method for visually impaired users to access digital devices like automated teller machines (ATMs), digital door locks, and cellular phones. The latest PIN input techniques have shown vulnerability to security breaches via shoulder-surfing, screen recording, and smudge attacks. In this paper, we introduce the Improved Enhanced Simple PIN Input Technique (IESPIT), an improved PIN input technique that reinforces privacy of the user and eliminates the need for repeated touch actions, thereby making it an efficient and easier verification technique as compared to its predecessors. We implemented the concept on an Android mobile device and conducted experiments to verify the feasibility of our scheme. Results indicate that our proposed methodology can counter the most popular privacy assaults to this vulnerable population by utilizing a set of randomized audible keys. Tests on 50 visually impaired volunteers demonstrated that the authentication with IESPIT was 13% faster than its closest predecessor, with a success ratio of 91.5%. A t-test for the equality of means among the participants' perception of authentication speed, convenience, and ease of use further evinced shows that the mean scores of IESPIT were statistically significant from the previous version at the 1% level. While a thorough investigation of the ensuing security concerns for authentication, certification, and privacy is beyond the scope of this article, we thoughtfully introduce the most prevailing ones.