The goal is to deploy a Wordpress Application in a 3-Tier Setup on EC2 Instances
- Presentation Layer This is the user interface - client server or browser on laptop.
- Business Layer : Application or Webserver - An EC2 Linux Server as a web server (Here we shall install WordPress)
- Data Access or Management Layer : - An EC2 Linux server as a database (DB) server
- Launch, attach and configure EBS Volumes
- We shall use RedHat OS for this project
I launched an EC2 Instance (Red Hat Linux) - to act as the web server.
I launched 3 10Gib EBS Volumes (In the same AZ euwest-2b-) and attached them to the webserver instance I used Gdisk to partition each disk
sudo gdisk /dev/xvdf
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3
Partition table scan:
MBR: not present
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: not present
Creating new GPT entries.
Command (? for help branch segun-edits: p
Disk /dev/xvdf: 20971520 sectors, 10.0 GiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): D936A35E-CE80-41A1-B87E-54D2044D160B
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 20971486
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 20971486 10.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): yes
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/xvdf.
The operation has completed successfully.
Now, your changes has been configured succesfuly, exit out of the gdisk console and do the same for the remaining disks.
I then used the pvcreate utility to mark each as physical volumes (after installing lvm2)
sudo pvcreate /dev/xvdf1
sudo pvcreate /dev/xvdg1
sudo pvcreate /dev/xvdh1
Use the vgcreate utility to add all 3 PVs to a volume group (VG). I named the VG webdata-vg
sudo vgcreate webdata-vg /dev/xvdh1 /dev/xvdg1 /dev/xvdf1
Then I created the logical volumes
sudo lvcreate -n apps-lv -L 14G webdata-vg
sudo lvcreate -n logs-lv -L 14G webdata-vg
The next step is to use mkfs.ext4 to format the logical volumes with ext4 filesystem
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/webdata-vg/apps-lv
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/webdata-vg/logs-lv
Now we should prepare the file structure for our website I will create the /var/www/html directory to store the website files and /home/recovery/logs to store a backup of log data
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html
sudo mkdir -p /home/recovery/logs
Finally, I will mount /var/www/html on apps-lv logical volume
sudo mount /dev/webdata-vg/apps-lv /var/www/html/
I will use the rsync utitilty to back up all the files in the log directory /var/log into /home/recovery/logs as all data on /var/log will be wiped off.
sudo rsync -av /var/log/. /home/recovery/logs/
Mount /var/log on logs-lv logical volume
sudo mount /dev/webdata-vg/logs-lv /var/log
Restore log files back into /var/log directory
sudo rsync -av /home/recovery/logs/. /var/log
We will update the /etc/fstab file so that the mount configuration will persist after restart of the server.
I launched a second RedHat EC2 instance as the DB Server I repeated the same steps as for the Web Server, but instead of apps-lv create db-lv and mounted it to /db directory instead of /var/www/html/.
I Installed WordPress on the Web Server EC2 Instance
sudo yum -y update
Install wget, Apache and it’s dependencies
sudo yum -y install wget httpd php php-mysqlnd php-fpm php-json
Start Apache
sudo systemctl enable httpd
sudo systemctl start httpd
To install PHP and it’s dependencies
sudo yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install yum-utils http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
sudo yum module list php
sudo yum module reset php
sudo yum module enable php:remi-7.4
sudo yum install php php-opcache php-gd php-curl php-mysqlnd
sudo systemctl start php-fpm
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
setsebool -P httpd_execmem 1
Restart Apache
sudo systemctl restart httpd
Download wordpress and copy wordpress to var/www/html
mkdir wordpress
cd wordpress
sudo wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
sudo tar xzvf latest.tar.gz
sudo rm -rf latest.tar.gz
cp wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php
cp -R wordpress /var/www/html/
Configure SELinux Policies
sudo chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/wordpress
sudo chcon -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t /var/www/html/wordpress -R
sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect=1
sudo yum update
sudo yum install mysql-server
Let us verify that the service is up and running by using sudo systemctl status mysqld
sudo systemctl restart mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld
sudo mysql
CREATE DATABASE wordpress;
CREATE USER `myuser`@`<Web-Server-Private-IP-Address>` IDENTIFIED BY 'mypass';
GRANT ALL ON wordpress.* TO 'myuser'@'<Web-Server-Private-IP-Address>';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SHOW DATABASES;
exit
I will open MySQL port 3306 on DB Server EC2 and allow access to the DB server ONLY from our Web Server’s IP address so in the Inbound Rule configuration specify source as /32
I will Install MySQL client and test that I can connect from the Web Server toyour DB server by using mysql-client
sudo yum install mysql
sudo mysql -u admin -p -h <DB-Server-Private-IP-address>
Verify the successful connection
SHOW DATABASES;
command and see a list of existing databases.
I will now enable TCP port 80 in the Inbound Rules configuration for the Web Server EC2 (enable from everywhere 0.0.0.0/0)
I will now access from my browser the link to your WordPress http:///wordpress/
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