Alpine Linux is a lightweight Linux distribution built around musl libc and busybox. The main focus of this distribution is security, simplicity and resource efficiency. All that makes Alpine Linux perfect to work as base images for linux containers.

When creating a docker image, you probably want to minimize its size as much as possible. At the same time, you might want to have access to a full-featured package system with a large range of packages available. As far as I can see, Alpine Linux is the best choice for that.

REPOSITORY                     TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED           VIRTUAL SIZE
hello                          latest   dfee0002c943   12 minutes ago    20.75 MB
hello_phoenix                  latest   0ea00b410d90   24 minutes ago    25.09 MB
msaraiva/elixir                1.2.0    df35f2590cd3   38 minutes ago    23.23 MB
msaraiva/erlang                18.1     55ac7fb64a42   56 minutes ago    18.3 MB

• Packages
  • What is apk?
  • Installing packages with apk
  • Building packages
• Docker images
  • msaraiva/erlang
  • msaraiva/erlang-dev (TODO)
  • msaraiva/elixir
  • msaraiva/elixir-dev
  • msaraiva/elixir-gcc
  • msaraiva/lfe (TODO)
  • msaraiva/lfe-dev (TODO)
• Examples
  • Erlang
    • Cowboy Hello World (TODO)
  • Elixir
    • Hello world (compilation on host machine)
    • Hello world (compilation inside the container)
    • Phoenix + Elixir Release Manager (exrm)
    • Hello Phoenix
    • Hello NIF
  • LFE (TODO)
• Building Erlang/OTP against musl libc
• Contributing
• Credits
• Related Projects
• Other Resources and News

In order to keep packages as compact as possible, Erlang libraries for Alpine Linux are split into many different packages. The full list of Erlang packages available can be found here.

The apk command is the official tool for package management on Alpine Linux. Something like apt-get on Ubuntu. More information about apk can be found here.

Create a Dockerfile

FROM alpine:3.3

RUN apk --update add erlang && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*

CMD ["/bin/sh"]

Build the image:

$ docker build -t erlang .

Run docker images. You should see something like:

REPOSITORY           TAG           IMAGE ID           CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
erlang               latest        d76965a1f753       4 seconds ago       18.3 MB

You can see how packages are built by looking at the APKBUILD scripts:

• Erlang
• Elixir

For more info, see http://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/APKBUILD_Reference

If you take a look at the APKBUILD scripts, you'll notice that some patches are applied in order to successfully build the packages. Some of those patches are related to musl, some to Busybox and some just split or remove stuff to make packages smaller.

• Patches for Erlang

Note: All base images listed here are automated builds and their Dockerfiles can be found in the dockerfiles folder.

I'll describe here some examples on how to create minimal docker images for Erlang/Elixir projects using Alpine Linux.

A simple command line executable

• Source: https://github.com/msaraiva/docker-alpine-examples/
• Built with mix escript.build
• Compilation on host machine
• Requires Erlang 18.1 and Elixir >= 1.1.1 on the host machine
• You need to compile your application on the host machine before building this image

Dockerfile:

FROM msaraiva/erlang:18.1

ADD hello /usr/local/bin/hello

ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/hello"]

Building:

$ git clone https://github.com/msaraiva/docker-alpine-examples
$ cd docker-alpine-examples/hello
$ MIX_ENV=prod mix escript.build
$ docker build -t hello .

Run docker images. You should see something like:

REPOSITORY           TAG           IMAGE ID           CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
hello                latest        ab3d45ddf551       18 seconds ago      20.75 MB

Running:

$ docker run --rm hello Docker
Hello, Docker!

The same simple command line executable. But:

• Compilation inside the container
• No need to install Erlang/Elixir on the host machine

Building:

$ docker run --rm -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD -e "MIX_ENV=prod" msaraiva/elixir sh -c "mix escript.build"

Running:

$ docker run --rm hello Docker
Hello, Docker!

In order to generate releases for phoenix applications, you need to make some minimal changes in a couple of files. See this page from the Phoenix documentation for details. If you just want to see the changes, take a look at this commit.

Another thing to pay attention to, is the architecture of the build environment. From the same Phoenix documentation:

We need to be sure that the architectures for both our build and hosting environments are the same, e.g. 64-bit Linux -> 64-bit Linux. If the architectures don't match, our application might not run when deployed.

By default, exrm pulls the Erlang runtime system from the build environment. That means, if you generate a release, for instance, on Windows or OSX, your application will not run on Alpine Linux. There are two ways to deal with this:

1. Instruct exrm to exclude the Erlang runtime from the release
2. Gererate the release inside Alpine Linux

Note: To instruct exrm to exclude the Erlang runtime from the release, we need to create a file called rel/relx.config with this content: {include_erts, false}..

Let's see how we can do this.

This is the hello phoenix application created when you run mix phoenix.new hello_phoenix --no-brunch --no-ecto

• Source: https://github.com/msaraiva/docker-alpine-examples/
• Built with mix release
• Compilation on host machine
• Requires Erlang 18.1 and Elixir >= 1.1.1 on the host machine
• You need to generate a release on the host machine before building this image

Dockerfile:

FROM msaraiva/erlang:18.1

RUN apk --update add erlang-crypto erlang-sasl && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*

ENV APP_NAME hello_phoenix
ENV APP_VERSION "0.0.1"
ENV PORT 4000

RUN mkdir -p /$APP_NAME
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/bin /$APP_NAME/bin
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/lib /$APP_NAME/lib
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/releases/start_erl.data                 /$APP_NAME/releases/start_erl.data
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/$APP_NAME.sh      /$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/$APP_NAME.sh
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/$APP_NAME.boot    /$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/$APP_NAME.boot
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/$APP_NAME.rel     /$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/$APP_NAME.rel
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/$APP_NAME.script  /$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/$APP_NAME.script
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/start.boot        /$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/start.boot
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/sys.config        /$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/sys.config
ADD rel/$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/vm.args           /$APP_NAME/releases/$APP_VERSION/vm.args

EXPOSE $PORT

CMD trap exit TERM; /$APP_NAME/bin/$APP_NAME foreground & wait

Building:

$ cd hello_phoenix
$ mix deps.get
$ MIX_ENV=prod mix compile
$ MIX_ENV=prod mix release
$ docker build -t hello_phoenix .

Running:

$ docker run --rm -p 4000:4000 hello_phoenix

A simple command line executable that calculates a dot product of two lists on a NIF

• Source: https://github.com/msaraiva/docker-alpine-examples/
• Built with mix escript.build
• NIF compiled with GCC
• Compilation inside the container
• No need to install Erlang/Elixir on the host machine

Compiling:

$ cd hello_nif
$ docker run --rm -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD -e "MIX_ENV=prod" msaraiva/elixir-gcc sh -c "mix deps.get && mix escript.build"

Building the docker image:

$ docker build -t hello_nif .

Running:

$ docker run --rm hello_nif
Hello! This dot product was calculated by a NIF:
[1.0, 2.0, 3.0] x [5.0, 10.0, 20.0] = 85.0

Contributions are more than welcome. There're a lot of ways to contribute:

• Compiling and testing other projects based on Erlang
• Maintaining packages or creating new ones
• Patching existing packages
• Creating or improving docker images
• Creating new examples
• Improving this page

Feedback is also very important. If you have something to share, fell free to open an issue.

• John Regan (former maintainer of the Erlang packages)
• Peter Lemenkov (See Erlang patches 0001-0007)

• Elixir Docker Image Packager (EDIP) by Christoph Grabo (asaaki)

• https://twitter.com/MarlusSaraiva
• http://www.alpinelinux.org
• https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/library/alpine/
• https://github.com/gliderlabs/docker-alpine