This library wraps gNMI functionality to ease usage with Cisco implementations in Python programs. Derived from openconfig/gnmi.
This is not an officially supported Cisco product. This library is intended to serve as a gNMI client reference implementation and streamline development with Cisco products.
pip install cisco-gnmi
python -c "import cisco_gnmi; print(cisco_gnmi)"
cisco-gnmi --helpThis library covers the gNMI defined Capabilities, Get, Set, and Subscribe RPCs, and helper clients provide OS-specific recommendations. A CLI (cisco-gnmi) is also available upon installation. As commonalities and differences are identified between OS functionality this library will be refactored as necessary.
Several examples of library usage are available in examples/. The cisco-gnmi CLI script found at src/cisco_gnmi/cli.py may also be useful.
It is highly recommended that users of the library learn Google Protocol Buffers syntax to significantly ease usage. Understanding how to read Protocol Buffers, and reference gnmi.proto, will be immensely useful for utilizing gNMI and any other gRPC interface.
Since v1.0.5 a gNMI CLI is available as cisco-gnmi when this module is installed. Capabilities, Get, rudimentary Set, and Subscribe are supported. The CLI may be useful for simply interacting with a Cisco gNMI service, and also serves as a reference for how to use this cisco_gnmi library. CLI usage is documented at the bottom of this README in CLI Usage.
Since v1.0.0 a builder pattern is available with ClientBuilder. ClientBuilder provides several set_* methods which define the intended Client connectivity and a construct method to construct and return the desired Client. There are several major methods involved here:
set_target(...)
Specifies the network element to build a client for.
set_os(...)
Specifies which OS wrapper to deliver.
set_secure(...)
Specifies that a secure gRPC channel should be used.
set_secure_from_file(...)
Loads certificates from file system for secure gRPC channel.
set_secure_from_target(...)
Attempts to utilize available certificate from target for secure gRPC channel.
set_call_authentication(...)
Specifies username/password to utilize for authentication.
set_ssl_target_override(...)
Sets the gRPC option to override the SSL target name.
set_channel_option(...)
Sets a gRPC channel option. Implies knowledge of channel options.
construct()
Constructs and returns the built Client.
ClientBuilder can be chained for initialization or instantiated line-by-line.
from cisco_gnmi import ClientBuilder
builder = ClientBuilder('127.0.0.1:9339')
builder.set_os('IOS XR')
builder.set_secure_from_target()
builder.set_call_authentication('admin', 'its_a_secret')
client = builder.construct()
# Or...
client = ClientBuilder('127.0.0.1:9339').set_os('IOS XR').set_secure_from_target().set_call_authentication('admin', 'its_a_secret').construct()Using an encrypted channel automatically getting the certificate from the device, quick for testing:
from cisco_gnmi import ClientBuilder
client = ClientBuilder(
'127.0.0.1:9339'
).set_os('IOS XR').set_secure_from_target().set_call_authentication(
'admin',
'its_a_secret'
).construct()Using an owned root certificate on the filesystem:
from cisco_gnmi import ClientBuilder
client = ClientBuilder(
'127.0.0.1:9339'
).set_os('IOS XR').set_secure_from_file(
'ems.pem'
).set_call_authentication(
'admin',
'its_a_secret'
).construct()Passing certificate content to method:
from cisco_gnmi import ClientBuilder
# Note reading as bytes
with open('ems.pem', 'rb') as cert_fd:
root_cert = cert_fd.read()
client = ClientBuilder(
'127.0.0.1:9339'
).set_os('IOS XR').set_secure(
root_cert
).set_call_authentication(
'admin',
'its_a_secret'
).construct()Usage with root certificate, private key, and cert chain:
from cisco_gnmi import ClientBuilder
client = ClientBuilder(
'127.0.0.1:9339'
).set_os('IOS XE').set_secure_from_file(
root_certificates='rootCA.pem',
private_key='client.key',
certificate_chain='client.crt',
).set_call_authentication(
'admin',
'its_a_secret'
).construct()Client is a very barebones class simply implementing capabilities, get, set, and subscribe methods. It provides some context around the expectation for what should be supplied to these RPC functions and helpers for validation.
Methods are documented in src/cisco_gnmi/client.py.
NXClient inherits from Client and provides several wrapper methods which aid with NX-OS gNMI implementation usage. These are subscribe_xpaths, and the removal of get and set as they are not yet supported operations. These methods have some helpers and constraints around what is supported by the implementation.
Methods and usage examples are documented in src/cisco_gnmi/nx.py.
XEClient inherits from Client and provides several wrapper methods which aid with IOS XE gNMI implementation usage. These are delete_xpaths, get_xpaths, set_json, and subscribe_xpaths. These methods have some helpers and constraints around what is supported by the implementation.
Methods and usage examples are documented in src/cisco_gnmi/xe.py.
XRClient inherits from Client and provides several wrapper methods which aid with IOS XR gNMI implementation usage. These are delete_xpaths, get_xpaths, set_json, and subscribe_xpaths. These methods have some helpers and constraints around what is supported by the implementation.
Methods and usage examples are documented in src/cisco_gnmi/xr.py.
gRPC Network Management Interface (gNMI) is a service defining an interface for a network management system (NMS) to interact with a network element. It may be thought of as akin to NETCONF or other control protocols which define operations and behaviors. The scope of gNMI is relatively simple - it seeks to "[define] a gRPC-based protocol for the modification and retrieval of configuration from a target device, as well as the control and generation of telemetry streams from a target device to a data collection system. The intention is that a single gRPC service definition can cover both configuration and telemetry - allowing a single implementation on the target, as well as a single NMS element to interact with the device via telemetry and configuration RPCs".
gNMI is a specification developed by OpenConfig, an operator-driven working-group. It is important to note that gNMI only defines a protocol of behavior - not data models. This is akin to SNMP/MIBs and NETCONF/YANG. SNMP and NETCONF are respectively decoupled from the data itself in MIBs and YANG modules. gNMI is a control protocol, not a standardization of data. OpenConfig does develop standard data models as well, and does have some specialized behavior with OpenConfig originating models, but the data models themselves are out of the scope of gNMI.
Requires Python and utilizes pipenv for environment management. Manual usage of pip/virtualenv is not covered. Uses black for code formatting and pylint for code linting. black is not explicitly installed as it requires Python 3.6+.
git clone https://github.com/cisco-ie/cisco-gnmi-python.git
cd cisco-gnmi-python
# If pipenv not installed, install!
pip install --user pipenv
# Now use Makefile...
make setup
# Or pipenv manually if make not present
pipenv --three install --dev
# Enter virtual environment
pipenv shell
# Work work
exitWe use black for code formatting and pylint for code linting. hygiene.sh will run black against all of the code under gnmi/ except for protoc compiled protobufs, and run pylint against Python files directly under gnmi/. They don't totally agree, so we're not looking for perfection here. black is not automatically installed due to requiring Python 3.6+. hygiene.sh will check for regular path availability and via pipenv, and otherwise falls directly to pylint. If black usage is desired, please install it into pipenv if using Python 3.6+ or separate methods e.g. brew install black.
# If using Python 3.6+
pipenv install --dev black
# Otherwise...
./hygiene.shIf a new gnmi.proto definition is released, use update_protos.sh to recompile. If breaking changes are introduced the wrapper library must be updated.
./update_protos.shThe below details the current cisco-gnmi usage options. Please note that Set operations may be destructive to operations and should be tested in lab conditions.
cisco-gnmi --help
usage:
cisco-gnmi <rpc> [<args>]
Supported RPCs:
capabilities
subscribe
get
set
cisco-gnmi capabilities 127.0.0.1:57500
cisco-gnmi get 127.0.0.1:57500
cisco-gnmi set 127.0.0.1:57500 -delete_xpath Cisco-IOS-XR-shellutil-cfg:host-names/host-name
cisco-gnmi subscribe 127.0.0.1:57500 -debug -auto_ssl_target_override -dump_file intfcounters.proto.txt
See <rpc> --help for RPC options.
gNMI CLI demonstrating library usage.
positional arguments:
rpc gNMI RPC to perform against network element.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
This command will output the CapabilitiesResponse to stdout.
cisco-gnmi capabilities 127.0.0.1:57500 -auto_ssl_target_override
cisco-gnmi capabilities --help
usage: cisco-gnmi [-h] [-os {None,IOS XR,NX-OS,IOS XE}]
[-root_certificates ROOT_CERTIFICATES]
[-private_key PRIVATE_KEY]
[-certificate_chain CERTIFICATE_CHAIN]
[-ssl_target_override SSL_TARGET_OVERRIDE]
[-auto_ssl_target_override] [-debug]
netloc
Performs Capabilities RPC against network element.
positional arguments:
netloc <host>:<port>
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-os {None,IOS XR,NX-OS,IOS XE}
OS wrapper to utilize. Defaults to IOS XR.
-root_certificates ROOT_CERTIFICATES
Root certificates for secure connection.
-private_key PRIVATE_KEY
Private key for secure connection.
-certificate_chain CERTIFICATE_CHAIN
Certificate chain for secure connection.
-ssl_target_override SSL_TARGET_OVERRIDE
gRPC SSL target override option.
-auto_ssl_target_override
Use root_certificates first CN as
grpc.ssl_target_name_override.
-debug Print debug messages.
[cisco-gnmi-python] cisco-gnmi capabilities redacted:57500 -auto_ssl_target_override
Username: admin
Password:
WARNING:root:Overriding SSL option from certificate could increase MITM susceptibility!
INFO:root:supported_models {
name: "Cisco-IOS-XR-qos-ma-oper"
organization: "Cisco Systems, Inc."
version: "2019-04-05"
}
...
This command will output the GetResponse to stdout. -xpath may be specified multiple times to specify multiple Paths for the GetRequest.
cisco-gnmi get 127.0.0.1:57500 -os "IOS XR" -xpath /interfaces/interface/state/counters -auto_ssl_target_override
cisco-gnmi get --help
usage: cisco-gnmi [-h] [-xpath XPATH]
[-encoding {JSON,BYTES,PROTO,ASCII,JSON_IETF}]
[-data_type {ALL,CONFIG,STATE,OPERATIONAL}] [-dump_json]
[-os {None,IOS XR,NX-OS,IOS XE}]
[-root_certificates ROOT_CERTIFICATES]
[-private_key PRIVATE_KEY]
[-certificate_chain CERTIFICATE_CHAIN]
[-ssl_target_override SSL_TARGET_OVERRIDE]
[-auto_ssl_target_override] [-debug]
netloc
Performs Get RPC against network element.
positional arguments:
netloc <host>:<port>
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-xpath XPATH XPaths to Get.
-encoding {JSON,BYTES,PROTO,ASCII,JSON_IETF}
gNMI Encoding.
-data_type {ALL,CONFIG,STATE,OPERATIONAL}
gNMI GetRequest DataType
-dump_json Dump as JSON instead of textual protos.
-os {None,IOS XR,NX-OS,IOS XE}
OS wrapper to utilize. Defaults to IOS XR.
-root_certificates ROOT_CERTIFICATES
Root certificates for secure connection.
-private_key PRIVATE_KEY
Private key for secure connection.
-certificate_chain CERTIFICATE_CHAIN
Certificate chain for secure connection.
-ssl_target_override SSL_TARGET_OVERRIDE
gRPC SSL target override option.
-auto_ssl_target_override
Use root_certificates first CN as
grpc.ssl_target_name_override.
-debug Print debug messages.
[cisco-gnmi-python] cisco-gnmi get redacted:57500 -os "IOS XR" -xpath /interfaces/interface/state/counters -auto_ssl_target_override
Username: admin
Password:
WARNING:root:Overriding SSL option from certificate could increase MITM susceptibility!
INFO:root:notification {
timestamp: 1585607100869287743
update {
path {
elem {
name: "interfaces"
}
elem {
name: "interface"
}
elem {
name: "state"
}
elem {
name: "counters"
}
}
val {
json_ietf_val: "{\"in-unicast-pkts\":\"0\",\"in-octets\":\"0\"...
Please note that Set operations may be destructive to operations and should be tested in lab conditions. Behavior is not fully validated.
cisco-gnmi set --help
usage: cisco-gnmi [-h] [-update_json_config UPDATE_JSON_CONFIG]
[-replace_json_config REPLACE_JSON_CONFIG]
[-delete_xpath DELETE_XPATH] [-no_ietf] [-dump_json]
[-os {None,IOS XR,NX-OS,IOS XE}]
[-root_certificates ROOT_CERTIFICATES]
[-private_key PRIVATE_KEY]
[-certificate_chain CERTIFICATE_CHAIN]
[-ssl_target_override SSL_TARGET_OVERRIDE]
[-auto_ssl_target_override] [-debug]
netloc
Performs Set RPC against network element.
positional arguments:
netloc <host>:<port>
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-update_json_config UPDATE_JSON_CONFIG
JSON-modeled config to apply as an update.
-replace_json_config REPLACE_JSON_CONFIG
JSON-modeled config to apply as a replace.
-delete_xpath DELETE_XPATH
XPaths to delete.
-no_ietf JSON is not IETF conformant.
-dump_json Dump as JSON instead of textual protos.
-os {None,IOS XR,NX-OS,IOS XE}
OS wrapper to utilize. Defaults to IOS XR.
-root_certificates ROOT_CERTIFICATES
Root certificates for secure connection.
-private_key PRIVATE_KEY
Private key for secure connection.
-certificate_chain CERTIFICATE_CHAIN
Certificate chain for secure connection.
-ssl_target_override SSL_TARGET_OVERRIDE
gRPC SSL target override option.
-auto_ssl_target_override
Use root_certificates first CN as
grpc.ssl_target_name_override.
-debug Print debug messages.
Let's create a harmless loopback interface based from openconfig-interfaces.yang.
config.json
{
"openconfig-interfaces:interfaces": {
"interface": [
{
"name": "Loopback9339"
}
]
}
}[cisco-gnmi-python] cisco-gnmi set redacted:57500 -os "IOS XR" -auto_ssl_target_override -update_json_config config.json
Username: admin
Password:
WARNING:root:Overriding SSL option from certificate could increase MITM susceptibility!
INFO:root:response {
path {
origin: "openconfig-interfaces"
elem {
name: "interfaces"
}
}
message {
}
op: UPDATE
}
message {
}
timestamp: 1585715036783451369
And on IOS XR...a loopback interface!
...
interface Loopback9339
!
...
This command will output the SubscribeResponse to stdout or -dump_file. -xpath may be specified multiple times to specify multiple Paths for the GetRequest.
cisco-gnmi subscribe 127.0.0.1:57500 -os "IOS XR" -xpath /interfaces/interface/state/counters -auto_ssl_target_override
cisco-gnmi subscribe --help
usage: cisco-gnmi [-h] [-xpath XPATH] [-interval INTERVAL]
[-mode {TARGET_DEFINED,ON_CHANGE,SAMPLE}]
[-suppress_redundant]
[-heartbeat_interval HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL]
[-dump_file DUMP_FILE] [-dump_json] [-sync_stop]
[-sync_start] [-encoding {JSON,BYTES,PROTO,ASCII,JSON_IETF}]
[-os {None,IOS XR,NX-OS,IOS XE}]
[-root_certificates ROOT_CERTIFICATES]
[-private_key PRIVATE_KEY]
[-certificate_chain CERTIFICATE_CHAIN]
[-ssl_target_override SSL_TARGET_OVERRIDE]
[-auto_ssl_target_override] [-debug]
netloc
Performs Subscribe RPC against network element.
positional arguments:
netloc <host>:<port>
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-xpath XPATH XPath to subscribe to.
-interval INTERVAL Sample interval in seconds for Subscription. Defaults
to 10.
-mode {TARGET_DEFINED,ON_CHANGE,SAMPLE}
SubscriptionMode for Subscription. Defaults to SAMPLE.
-suppress_redundant Suppress redundant information in Subscription.
-heartbeat_interval HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL
Heartbeat interval in seconds.
-dump_file DUMP_FILE Filename to dump to. Defaults to stdout.
-dump_json Dump as JSON instead of textual protos.
-sync_stop Stop on sync_response.
-sync_start Start processing messages after sync_response.
-encoding {JSON,BYTES,PROTO,ASCII,JSON_IETF}
gNMI Encoding. Defaults to whatever Client wrapper
prefers.
-os {None,IOS XR,NX-OS,IOS XE}
OS wrapper to utilize. Defaults to IOS XR.
-root_certificates ROOT_CERTIFICATES
Root certificates for secure connection.
-private_key PRIVATE_KEY
Private key for secure connection.
-certificate_chain CERTIFICATE_CHAIN
Certificate chain for secure connection.
-ssl_target_override SSL_TARGET_OVERRIDE
gRPC SSL target override option.
-auto_ssl_target_override
Use root_certificates first CN as
grpc.ssl_target_name_override.
-debug Print debug messages.
[cisco-gnmi-python] cisco-gnmi subscribe redacted:57500 -os "IOS XR" -xpath /interfaces/interface/state/counters -auto_ssl_target_override
Username: admin
Password:
WARNING:root:Overriding SSL option from certificate could increase MITM susceptibility!
INFO:root:Dumping responses to stdout as textual proto ...
INFO:root:Subscribing to:
/interfaces/interface/state/counters
INFO:root:update {
timestamp: 1585607768601000000
prefix {
origin: "openconfig"
elem {
name: "interfaces"
}
elem {
name: "interface"
key {
key: "name"
value: "Null0"
}
}
elem {
name: "state"
}
elem {
name: "counters"
}
}
update {
path {
elem {
name: "in-octets"
}
}
val {
uint_val: 0
}
}
...
cisco-gnmi-python is licensed as Apache License, Version 2.0.
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