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PyZX (pronounce as Pisics) is a Python tool implementing the theory of ZX-calculus for the creation, visualisation, and automated rewriting of large-scale quantum circuits. Please watch this 2-minute video for a short introduction.

PyZX currently allows you to:

• Read in quantum circuits in the file format of QASM, Quipper or Quantomatic.
• Rewrite circuits into a pseudo-normal form using the ZX-calculus.
• Extract new simplified circuits from these reduced graphs.
• Visualise the ZX-graphs and rewrites using either Matplotlib, Quantomatic or as a TikZ file for use in LaTeX documents.
• Output the optimised circuits in QASM, QC or QUIPPER format.

You can try out the in-browser demo which shows some of these features here.

ZX-diagrams are a type of tensor network built out of combinations of linear maps known as spiders. There are 2 types of spiders: the Z-spiders (represented as green dots in PyZX) and the X-spiders (represented as red dots). Every linear map between some set of qubits can be represented by a ZX-diagram. The ZX-calculus is a set of rewrite rules for ZX-diagrams. There are various extensive set of rewrite rules. PyZX however, uses only rewrite rules concerning the Clifford fragment of the ZX-calculus. Importantly, this set of rewrite rules is complete for Clifford diagrams, meaning that two representations of a Clifford map can be rewritten into one another if and only if the two linear maps they represent are equal.

Here is a website with resources and information about the ZX-calculus. For a short introduction to the ZX-calculus see this paper while for a complete overview we recommend this book. PyZX extensively uses two derived rewrite rules known as local complementation and pivoting. More information about these operations can be found in this paper.

If you wish to use PyZX as a Python module for use in other projects, we recommend installing via pip:

    pip install pyzx

If you want to use the demos or the benchmark circuits you should install PyZX from source by cloning the git repository.

PyZX has no strict dependencies, although some functionality requires numpy. PyZX is built to interact well with Jupyter, so we additionally recommend you have Jupyter and matplotlib installed.

See the Documentation for a full overview of the features of PyZX.

If you have Jupyter installed you can use one of the demonstration notebooks in the demos folder for an illustration of what PyZX can do.

This is some example Python code for generating a random circuit, optimizing it, and finally displaying it:

import pyzx as zx
qubit_amount = 5
gate_count = 80
#Generate random circuit of Clifford gates
circuit = zx.generate.cliffordT(qubit_amount, gate_count)
#If running in Jupyter, draw the circuit
zx.draw(circuit)
#Use one of the built-in rewriting strategies to simplify the circuit
zx.simplify.full_reduce(circuit)
#See the result
zx.draw(circuit)

PyZX can also be run from the commandline. To optimise a circuit you can for instance run python -m pyzx opt input_circuit.qasm

If you wish to cite PyZX in an academic work, please cite the accompanying paper:

  @inproceedings{kissinger2020Pyzx,
    author = {Kissinger, Aleks and van de Wetering, John},
    title = {{PyZX: Large Scale Automated Diagrammatic Reasoning}},
    year = {2020},
    booktitle = {{\rm Proceedings 16th International Conference on} Quantum Physics and Logic, {\rm Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA., 10-14 June 2019}},
    editor = {Coecke, Bob and Leifer, Matthew},
    series = {Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science},
    volume = {318},
    pages = {229-241},
    publisher = {Open Publishing Association},
    doi = {10.4204/EPTCS.318.14}
}

Here's a plane that says PYZX: