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Personal opinion on embedded systems road map
embedded-sys-roadmap's Introduction
Module 1: Solid C Programming and Intro to Embedded World
Part 1: Introduction to Embedded Systems
- ES Definition
- ES Characteristics
- General System vs. Embedded System
- Embedded System Applications
- Embedded System Design
- Trade off between HW and SW
- SW (pros and cons)
- HW (pros and cons)
- Embedded System Design Steps
-Embedded System Hardware
- Processing Engines
- MCU vs. MPU
- MCU Components
- CPU
- Memory Units
- Buses
- IO
- Timers
- Watchdog Timers
- Interrupt Circuitry
- Clock
- Other Components
- Communication
- Sensing
- Storage
- MCU Clocks
- More complex (ARM, PLL)
- MCU Power Management
- ES Constraints
- Deadlines (Maximum Execution Time)
- Operating System Constraints
- Communication Constraints
- Memory Consumption
- MCU Resources
- Selection of Microcontroller
- Embedded System Market
- HW Market
- SW Market
- Embedded Market in Egypt
Part 2: Solid C Programming
- Choosing and Installing IDE
- What's IDE?
- Currently Available IDEs
- Eclipse Download and Install
- C Data Types, Operators and Expressions
- Data Types
- Basic Data types
- Constatns
- Escape character
- Declarations
- Casting
- Operators
- Arithmetic Operators (+,-,*,/,%)
- (++, --) operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators ( AND , OR , NOT )
- Bitwise Operators ( & , | , ^ , << , >> , ~ )
- Conditional Operator (Ternary) ()?:
- sizeof( ) operator
- Operator Precedence Rules
- Control Flow
- Conditional
- Loops
- While
- Do While
- For
- Break; and Continue;
- Goto Labels
- Spaghetti Vs. Structured Code
- Functions
- Basics of functions
- Function Declaration (Prototype) and Definition
- Call by Value vs. Call by reference
- Static local variables, register keyword
- Recursion
- Arrays
- Array definition and Multi-dimension Arrays
- Arrays and functions (passing, returning)
- Strings (characters array)
- Pointers
- Pointer and Addresses
- Dereferencing
- Pass by value vs. Pass by reference (address)
- Pointers and arrays
- Pointer Arithmetic
- Why using pointers over arrays in loops?
- Pointer to functions
- Reading Complex pointers
- Structure and User-defined Data Types
- Need for complex data types
- Struct keyword
- Arrays of structs
- Pointers to structs (will be discussed in dynamic memory allocation)
- struct usage with functions (why?)
- Typedef (user-defined types)
- Struct bit fileds
- Union
- Dynamic Memory Allocation
- Dynamic vs. static memory allocation
- malloc, calloc, realloc and free
- Advantages, disadvantages
- Modularity and Program Structure
- C Preprocessors
- #include
- macro like functions
- conditional inclusion
- .h and .c files
- overview the executing process
- conventions to write library
- .h file
- prototypes
- extern variables
- .c files
- global variables
- function definitions
- Important Notes (Bonus Topics)
- Declaration Vs. Definition for Variables and Functions
- What does the compiler actually do? (Compilation Process)
- Storage Classes
- auto, register, static, extern
- Pointer Reading
- Applications in which unions are helpful (IPV4)
- Command Line Arguments
Module 2: Data Structures, Algorithms and Computer Architecture
- Intro to data structure
- Linked Lists
- Linked Lists vs. Array
- Implementations of Linked Lists
- Insert Node
- Traverse through List
- Delete Node
- Reverse List
- Doubly Linked Lists
- Stack
- PUSH elements
- POP elements
- Queue
- Introduction to Sorting
- Selection Sorting Algorithm
- Bubble Sorting Algorithm
- Other Techniques Overview
- Introduction to searching
- Linear Search
- Binary Search
- Other Techniques Overview
Part 3: Computer System Organizations
- Intro to Computer System
- Processors
- CPU Organizaiton
- Data Path
- Instruction Execution Cycle (Fetch, Decode, Execute)
- RISC vs. CISC
- Pipe-lining Concept
- Muti-processor Concepts
- Primary Memory
- Primary Memory Types
- RAM
- NVM
- ROM
- PROM
- EPROM
- EEPROM
- Data Flash
- Cache Memory
- Memory Addesses
- Big/Little Endian
- Buses
- Address Bus
- Data Bus
- Control Bus
- Von Neumann vs. Harvard Architecture
Module 3: Microcontroller Drivers Interfacing
Part 1: Interfacing Basic Drivers
- AVR Architecture
- Getting Started
- Basic Connection (Crystal and Biasing)
- Generating Hex File
- Programmer
- GPIO
- Debugging using Serial printf (Caveman Debugging)
- LCD
- Pin Configuration
- LCD Modes
- Implement Driver Functions
- Write Char
- Print String
- Cursor Display Mode
- Set Cursor Position
- Clear Screen
- Custom Character
- Keypad
- Keypad Matrix
- Scan Button Press
- ADC & DAC
- ADC
- ADC Terms
- Sampling
- Resolution
- Channels
- ADC Conversion Technique (Successive Approximation)
- Sensor Interfacing
- Temp Sensor (LM35)
- Light Sensor (LDR)
- Analog Comparator
- DAC
- Digital to Analog Conversion
- Implementing Code for (DAC0808)
- Timers & Counters
- Timer Functional Diagram
- Compare Match Mode
- Normal Timer Mode
- 16-Bit Timer Vs. 8-Bit Timer
- Using Pre-Scalars for Generating Large Time Delays
- Timers to Counters
- PWM Programming
- What's a PWM wave?
- PWM Applications
- PWM Mode in Timers
- Input Capture and Wave Generation
- Wave Generation
- Generating Waves
- Square Waves
- Pulse Pattern
- Normal and CTC modes
- Input Capture Mode
- Measuring Frequency of Wave
- Measuring Pulse Width
- Measuring Frequency
- Interrupt
- Polling vs. Interrupts
- Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
- Interrupt Vector Table
- External Interrupt
- Interrupt Priority
- Nesting Interrupts
- Context Switching
- Interrupt Latency
- Serial Communication
- Serial vs. Parallel
- Terminologies
- Data Transfer Rate (Baud Rate)
- Synch vs. ASynch
- Full-duplex vs. Half-duplex
- USART Module Driver Implementation
- Data Frame
- Sending Data
- Receiving Data
- SPI
- SPI Essentials
- SPI Modes
- SPI Master/Slave Communication
- Implementing SPI Code
- I2C
- I2C Essentials
- I2C Operating Mode
- I2C Protocol
- I2C Addressing Modes
- I2C Master/Slave Communication
- I2C Implementing Code
- Power Management Modes
- Why Power Management?
- AVR Sleep
- On-time Calculations for Battery-based Systems
- Debugging AVR
- Hardware Debugger
- AVR Simulator
- PROTEUS Simulator
Part 2: Make Arduino-like Driver Abstractions
- Intro to Arduino Core Style
- digitalRead, digitalWrite
- analogRead, analogWrite
- Serial.begin, Serial.write, Serial.print, Serial.println, Serial.read, Serial.available
Module 4: RTOS and Automotive Programming and Communication Standards
- RTOS concepts
- Introduction for RTOS
- RTOS vs. Normal OS
- RTOS basic Components and How it works
- Foreground / Background Program Execution
- Multitasking
- Task Management
- Task States
- Context Switching
- Scheduler
- Scheduler Types
- Preemptive
- Non preemptive
- Policies / Algorithm / Strategies
- Priority Based
- Round Robin
- Least Execution Time
- Re-entrant / Non Re-entrant Function
- Resource (Share Resource)
- Mutex
- Semaphores
- Binary Semaphore
- Counting Semaphore
- Issues
- Priority Inversion
- Dead block
Part 2: RTOS Implementation Using FreeRTOS AVR
- FreeRTOS Intro
- Tasks
- Creating Tasks
- Deleting Tasks
- Using Queues
- Using Semaphores
- Using Interrupts
- Porting to AVR
- Programming Standards
- MISRA C
- AutoSAR SW Architecture
- Communication Protocols
Module 5: SW Engineering and Testing Practices
- SW Engineering Concepts
- SW Development Life Cycle
- Waterfall Model
- V-Model
- Agile Model
- Other Models Concepts
- SW Requirements Management
- Requirements Activities
- Requirements Traceability
- SW Configuration Management
- Config Management Concepts
- Version Control Systems (Git)
- SW Project Management Concepts
- UML Concepts
- Use Cases Diagram
- Class Diagram
- Activity/State Chart Diagram
- Other Diagrams Concepts
Part 2: Cont'd Software Engineering : Software Testing
- SW Testing Fundementals
- 7 Testing Principles
- Fundamental Testing Process
- Psychology of Testing
- Test Levels
- Unit Testing
- Integration Testing
- System Testing
- Acceptance Testing
- Test Types
-Functional Testing
- Non-functional Testing
- Other Testing Types Concepts
- Structural Testing
- Change-based Testing
- Test Development Process
- Test Analysis
- Test Design
- Traceability
- Test Techniques
- Static Testing
- Dynamic Testing
- White Box
- Statement Coverage
- Decision Coverage
- Black Box
- Equivalence Partitioning (EP)
- Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
- Decision Tables
- How to Select Proper Testing Technique
- Test Organization
- Test Planning and Estimation
- Risk and Testing
- Overview of Common Used Testing Tools
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