A template for flask web applications structured in the Model View Controller pattern with an implementend login feature for faster turnover.

• Python3/pip3
• Packages listed in requirements.txt

$ pip install -r requirements.txt

Configuration information such as the database url/port, credentials, API keys etc are to be supplied to the application. However, it is bad practice to stage production information in publicly visible repositories. Instead, all config is provided by a config file or via environment variables.

When running the project in a development environment (such as gitpod) the app is configured via config.py file in the App folder. By default, the config for development uses a sqlite database.

config.py

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "sqlite:///temp-database.db"
SECRET_KEY = "secret key"
JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA = 7
ENV = "DEVELOPMENT"

When deploying your application to production/staging you must pass in configuration information via environment variables. For heroku, you need to navigate to your application's setting page (url should look like https://dashboard.heroku.com/apps/[app-name]/settings) and scroll down to config vars. Then provide your configuration by defining the same values given in config.py

When deploying to production the "ENV" variable should be set to "PRODUCTION".

Note heroku provides a default variable "DATABASE_URL" for heorku postgres. If you want the app to use this database you must copy the value to the variable "SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL" and change the protocol to "postgresql://" for sqlalchemmy.

wsgi.py is a utility script for performing various tasks related to the project. You can use it to import and test any code in the project. You just need create a manager command function, for example:

# inside wsgi.py

user_cli = AppGroup('user', help='User object commands')

@user_cli.cli.command("create-user")
@click.argument("username")
@click.argument("password")
def create_user_command(username, password):
    create_user(username, password)
    print(f'{username} created!')

app.cli.add_command(user_cli) # add the group to the cli

Then execute the command invoking with flask cli with command name and the relevant parameters

$ flask user create bob bobpass

For development run the serve command (what you execute):

$ flask run

For production using gunicorn (what heroku executes):

$ gunicorn wsgi:app

You can deploy your version of this app to heroku by clicking on the "Deploy to heroku" link above.

When connecting the project to a fresh empty database ensure the appropriate configuration is set then file then run the following command. This must also be executed once when running the app on heroku by opening the heroku console, executing bash and running the command in the dyno.

$ flask init

If changes to the models are made, the database must be'migrated' so that it can be synced with the new models. Then execute following commands using manage.py. More info here

$ flask db init
$ flask db migrate
$ flask db upgrade
$ flask db --help

Unit and Integration tests are created in the App/test. You can then create commands to run them. Look at the unit test command in wsgi.py for example

@test.command("user", help="Run User tests")
@click.argument("type", default="all")
def user_tests_command(type):
    if type == "unit":
        sys.exit(pytest.main(["-k", "UserUnitTests"]))
    elif type == "int":
        sys.exit(pytest.main(["-k", "UserIntegrationTests"]))
    else:
        sys.exit(pytest.main(["-k", "User"]))

You can then execute all user tests as follows

$ flask test user

You can also supply "unit" or "int" at the end of the comand to execute only unit or integration tests.

You can run all application tests with the following command

$ pytest

You can generate a report on your test coverage via the following command

$ coverage report

You can also generate a detailed html report in a directory named htmlcov with the following comand

$ coverage html

If your newly created views are returning 404 ensure that they are added to the list in main.py.

from App.views import (
    user_views,
    index_views
)

# New views must be imported and added to this list
views = [
    user_views,
    index_views
]

If you are running into errors in gitpod when updateding your github actions file, ensure your github permissions in gitpod has workflow enabled

If you are adding models you may need to migrate the database with the commands given in the previous database migration section. Alternateively you can delete your database file.