WTF Gas Optimization

Solidity gas optimization techniques, using Foundry. 总结写 Solidity 智能合约更省 gas 的技巧。

Lead by @0xKaso

大纲

1. use constant and immutable

2. use calldata over memory

3. use Bitmap

4. use unchecked

5. use uint256 over uint8

6. use custom error over require/assert

7. use local variable over storage

8. use clone2 over new/create2

9. packing storage slots

10. use ++i as better increment

11. use uint in reentrancy guard

1. use constant and immutable

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 01_Constant/Constant.t.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function Name	Gas Cost
varConstant	161 ✅
varImmutable	161 ✅
variable	2261

2. use calldata over memory

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 02_CalldataAndMemory/CalldataAndMemory.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function Name	Gas Cost
writeByCalldata	67905 ✅
writeByMemory	68456

3. use Bitmap

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 03_Bitmap/Bitmap.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function Name	Gas Cost
setDataWithBitmap	22366 ✅
setDataWithBoolArray	35729

4. use unchecked

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 04_unchecked/Unchecked.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function Name	Gas Cost
forNormal	1910309
forUnckecked	570287 ✅

5. use uint256 over uint8

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 05_uint/Uint.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Function Name	Gas Cost
read Uint8	2379
read Uint128	2465
read Uint256	2317 ✅
set Uint8	5355
set Uint128	5358
set Uint256	5322 ✅

6. use custom error over require/assert

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 06_Error/Error.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Error Name	Gas Cost
Assert	180
Require	268
Revert	164 ✅

7. use local variable over storage

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 07_LocalData/LocalData.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Data Type	Gas Cost
localData	1902339 ✅
storageData	4022155

8. use clone2 over new/create2

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 08_Clone2/Clone2.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Create Type	Gas Cost
clone2	41493 ✅
create2	93031
new	79515

9. packing storage slots

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 09_Packing/Packing.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Create Type	Gas Cost
normal	133521
packing	111351 ✅

10. use ++i as better increment

Code | 文章

forge test --contracts 10_Increment/Increment.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

Increment	Gas Cost
i += 1	270
i = i +1	248
i++	220
++i	193 ✅

11. use Uint in Reentrancy Guard

Code | 文章

Testing

forge test --contracts 11_ReentrancyGuard/ReentrancyGuard.T.sol --gas-report

Gas report

ReentrancyGuard	Gas Cost	tips
Bool	27757
Uint01	27604	0 to non-zero -> 20000 gas
Uint12	13908 ✅	non-zero to non-zero -> 2900 gas

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wtf-gas-optimization's Introduction

WTF Gas Optimization

大纲

1. use constant and immutable

2. use calldata over memory

3. use Bitmap

4. use unchecked

5. use uint256 over uint8

6. use custom error over require/assert

7. use local variable over storage

8. use clone2 over new/create2

9. packing storage slots

10. use ++i as better increment

11. use Uint in Reentrancy Guard

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