Q Math Library
1. Introduction
The Q Math Library provides the q programming language and KDB+ database with
an interface to a number of useful mathematical functions from the FDLIBM,
Cephes, LAPACK and CONMAX libraries.
This is version 0.2.1 of the Q Math Library.
2. Licensing
The Q Math Library is free software, available under a BSD-style license.
It is provided in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranties of MERCHANTABILITY and FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the file LICENSE.txt for more details.
This library is intended to be linked, and the precompiled binaries are
linked, against several other libraries. The copyrights and licenses for
these libraries are also listed in the file LICENSE.txt.
3. Usage
Two files make up the library: qml.dll (in a platform-specific subdirectory)
and qml.q. Put them both somewhere where q can find them and load with
q)\l qml.q
All functions will be in the .qml namespace. The functions accept any
numerical arguments and convert them into floating-point. Matrixes are in
row-major order, as usual. Complex numbers are represented as pairs of the
real and imaginary parts. E.g.:
q).qml.ncdf .25 .5 .75 / normal distribution quartiles
-0.6744898 0 0.6744898
q).qml.mchol (1 2 1;2 5 4;1 4 6) / Cholesky factorization
1 2 1
0 1 2
0 0 1
q).qml.poly 2 -9 16 -15 / solve 2x^3-9x^2+16x-15=0
2.5
1 1.414214
1 -1.414214
q).qml.conmin[{x*y+1};{1-(x*x)+y*y};0 0] / minimize x(y+1) s.t. x^2+y^2<=1
-0.8660254 0.5
It's recommended to run the test suite, test.q, to make sure that everything
is working correctly.
To rebuild the library, use the Makefile, which is for GNU make. There are
configuration options near the top. On Windows, rebuilding requires Cygwin or
another GNU environment. On other platforms, GCC is required. Although only
tested on the platforms for which binaries are included, it should compile on
any platform with a few tweaks. If you rebuild the library, make sure to run
the test suite before using it.
4. Constants and functions
pi pi
e e
eps smallest representable step from 1.
sin[x] sine
cos[x] cosine
tan[x] tangent
asin[x] arcsine
acos[x] arccosine
atan[x] arctangent
atan2[x;y] atan[x%y]
sinh[x] hyperbolic sine
cosh[x] hyperbolic cosine
tanh[x] hyperbolic tangent
asinh[x] hyperbolic arcsine
acosh[x] hyperbolic arccosine
atanh[x] hyperbolic arctangent
exp[x] exponential
expm1[x] exp[x]-1
log[x] logarithm
log10[x] base-10 logarithm
logb[x] extract binary exponent
log1p[x] log[1+x]
pow[a;x] exponentiation
sqrt[x] square root
cbrt[x] cube root
hypot[x;y] sqrt[pow[x;2]+pow[y;2]]
floor[x] round downward
ceil[x] round upward
fabs[x] absolute value
fmod[x;y] remainder of x%y
erf[x] error function
erfc[x] complementary error function
lgamma[x] log of absolute value of gamma function
gamma[x] gamma function
beta[x;y] beta function
pgamma[a;x] lower incomplete gamma function (a>0)
pgammac[a;x] upper incomplete gamma function (a>0)
pgammar[a;x] regularized lower incomplete gamma function (a>0)
pgammarc[a;x] regularized upper incomplete gamma function (a>0)
ipgammarc[a;p] inverse complementary regularized incomplete gamma function
(a>0,p>=.5)
pbeta[a;b;x] incomplete beta function (a,b>0)
pbetar[a;b;x] regularized incomplete beta function (a,b>0)
ipbetar[a;b;p] inverse regularized incomplete beta function (a,b>0)
j0[x] order 0 Bessel function
j1[x] order 1 Bessel function
y0[x] order 0 Bessel function of the second kind
y1[x] order 1 Bessel function of the second kind
ncdf[x] CDF of normal distribution
nicdf[p] inverse CDF of normal distribution
c2cdf[k;x] CDF of chi-squared distribution (k>=1)
c2icdf[k;p] inverse CDF of chi-squared distribution (k>=1)
stcdf[k;x] CDF of Student's t-distribution (natural k)
sticdf[k;p] inverse CDF of Student's t-distribution (natural k)
fcdf[d1;d2;x] CDF of F-distribution (d1,d2>=1,x>=0)
ficdf[d1;d2;p] inverse CDF of F-distribution (d1,d2>=1,x>=0)
gcdf[k;th;x] CDF of gamma distribution
gicdf[k;th;p] inverse CDF of gamma distribution
bncdf[k;n;p] CDF of binomial distribution
bnicdf[k;n;x] inverse CDF of binomial distribution for p parameter (k<n)
pscdf[k;lambda] CDF of Poisson distribution
psicdf[k;p] inverse CDF of Poisson distribution for lambda parameter
smcdf[n;e] CDF for one-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
smicdf[n;e] inverse CDF for one-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
kcdf[x] CDF for Kolmogorov distribution
kicdf[p] inverse CDF for Kolmogorov distribution (p>=1e-8)
diag[diag] make diagonal matrix
mdiag[matrix] extract main diagonal
mdet[matrix] determinant
mrank[matrix] rank
minv[matrix] inverse
mpinv[matrix] pseudoinverse
mev[matrix] (eigenvalues; eigenvectors) sorted by decreasing modulus
mchol[matrix] Cholesky factorization upper matrix
mqr[matrix] QR factorization: (Q; R)
mqrp[matrix] QR factorization with column pivoting:
(Q; R; P), matrix@\:P=Q mmu R
mlup[matrix] LUP factorization with row pivoting:
(L; U; P), matrix[P]=L mmu U
msvd[matrix] singular value decomposition: (U; Sigma; V)
poly[coef] roots of a polynomial (highest-degree coefficient first, can
be complex)
root[f;(x0;x1)] find root on interval (f(x0)f(x1)<1)
rootx[opt;f;(x0;x1)] root[] with options (as dictionary or mixed list)
`iter: max iterations (default: 100)
`tol: numerical tolerance (default: ~1e-8)
`full: full output (default: only x)
`quiet: return null on failure (default: signal)
solve[eqs;x0] solve nonlinear equations (given as functions)
solvex[opt;eqs;x0] solve[] with options
`iter: max iterations (default: 1000)
`tol: numerical tolerance (default: ~1e-8)
`full: full output (default: only x)
`quiet: return null on failure (default: signal)
`steps: RK steps per iteration (default: 1)
`rk: use RK steps only (default: RK, SLP)
`slp: use SLP steps only (default: RK, SLP)
line[f;base;x0] line search for minimum from base
linex[opt;f;base;x0] line[] with same options as rootx[]
min[f;x0] find unconstrained minimum
minx[opt;f;x0] min[] with same options as solvex[]
conmin[f;cons;x0] find constrained minimum (functions cons>=0)
conminx[opt;f;cons;x0] min[] with same options as solvex[], plus
`lincon: assume linear cons (default: nonlinear)
5. Updates and feedback
This library is hosted at http://althenia.net/qml. It is programmed by
Andrey Zholos <[email protected]>. Comments, bug reports and testing results
are welcome.