A Free Open Source DVCS ”distributed version control system ”

• Snapshots, Not Differences

  • Compares SHA1 sum of modified files.
  • Saves the new file as a Whole "easier to retrive lost data"
  • Each Snapshot contains references to the files "to save space uses ref. only"

• Stores new versions of files only

  

• Each snapshot contains each file

  

• Everything is local “distributed”

  • Each Computer has all the history of the project
  • Makes it faster and easeir to contribute
  • Safer beacuase the data are not onlt on one repo

• Git has Integrity

  • Everything in Git is CHECKSUMMED "fast ,reliable"
  • Uses SHA-1 hash "a 40 hexadecimal char string"
  • Easy to recognize corrupted files.

• Git Generally Only Adds Data "Everything is almost reversible"

• Modified
• Staged
• Committed

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt intsall git

git config --global user.name "John Doe"
git config --global user.email [email protected]
git config --global core.editor nano
git config --global merge.tool meld 

git has a really good command manual for each command

$ git help <command>
$ man git <command>
$ git <command> -h #summarized

• Repository
• Index “Staging area”
• working tree “Project tree”
• Commit
• Branch
• Tag
• Master
• Head

• Git Repository

$ git init # Intialize a Embty/new repository
$ git clone <URL># to Clone/Copy exsiting repository

<URL>: can be git, shh, http, https, file , etc

• Recording Changes to the Repository

  

  • Checking status of your files

    $ git status`
    $ git status -s # Summarized

    • ?? “ untraked ”
    • A “ staged ”
    • M “ Modified staged “
    • M “ Modified untracked “ Example:

    $ git status
    $ echo 'I' > README #creates a new file
    $ git status

  • Staging Modified Files

    Stage your files after adding not before

    $ git add <files|WildCards> 

    Example:

    $ git add README
    $ git status
    $ echo “USE” >> README
    $ git status
    $ git add README
    $ git status

  • Ignoring Files

    A file listing patterns to match them with files in your repositories. File name “.gitignore”
    • .gitignore common templates
    • See man gitignore for more information

• Viewing staged and unstaged

  $ git status
  $ git diff #diffreneces between commited  and modified/untracked
  $ git diff --staged #diffreneces between commited and modified/tracked/staged

  Example 1

  $ git commit -am “cleaning the stage”
  $ echo “Git” >> README
  $ echo  “Git” > Cont.md
  $ git add README Cont.md
  $ git diff # 
  $ echo “OSC” > Cont.md
  $ git status
  $ git diff

  Example 2

  $ git commit -am “cleaning the stage”
  $ echo “1” > file
  $ git add file && git commit -m “new file”
  $ echo “2” > file
  $ git add file
  $ echo “3” >file
  $ git diff
  $ git diff --staged

  • Committing Changes

    git commit
    git commit -m "short Message"
    git commit -am “Your Message” #Stage all untracked files and commit all files in staged area

    Example

    $ git commit -am “cleaning the stage”
    $ echo “1” > newfile
    $ git commit -am “new file”
    $ git status
    $ git add newfile && git commit -m “new file”
    # Change “newfile” and try using commit -am “changed new file”

  • Remove

    git rm <file name| wild card>

  • Move

    git mv <file name| wild card>

  • Commit History

    $git log
    $ git log -p
    $ Git log -<number>
    $ git log --since <date>
    $git log --until <date>

    <data>or <number> EX : “ 2008-01-15” or EX : "2 years 1 day 3 minutes ago"