I can't seem to work out what might be causing this problem, but I can post a snippet of a .md file from one of my private repositories which fails to render correctly, despite having no issues in "enhanced" markdown editors like Remarkable.
* `Surface` class defining a cubic B-Spline surface on the $[0,1]$ interval.
* $\mathbf{s}(u,v)$, partial derivatives $\mathbf{s}_{u,v,uu,uv,vv}(u,v)$ are self-explanatory, as is the surface normal $\mathbf{N}(u,v)$ and its partial derivatives $\mathbf{N}_{u,v}(u,v)$.
This bug also seems to be present in the Chrome extension "BitBucket with MathJax", and I've already reported it to their tracker here.