Feature rich lightweight ERC721 implementation.

This repo contains the token implementation and helper token factory allowing the super cheap deployments of the token implementation via the EIP-1167 Minimal Proxy Contract.

The project is built using

• Hardhat, a popular Ethereum development environment
  • Why not standalone Truffle?
    • Truffle runs the tests several times slower than Hardhat
    • Truffle + ganache fails to run big test suites, presumably it fails to close socket connections gracefully and causes open sockets overflow
  • Why not Foundry?
    • Foundry forces the tests to be written in Solidity, which complicates
      • porting the existing tests from myriad of projects using JavaScript for tests,
      • getting help from the vast community of Node.js developers in writing tests
• Web3.js, a collection of libraries that allows interacting with local or remote Ethereum node using HTTP, IPC or WebSocket
• Truffle as a Hardhat module (plugin)

Smart contracts deployment is configured to use Infura or Alchemy and HD Wallet

What's inside?

• Tiny ERC721 token

Following steps were tested to work in macOS Catalina

1. Clone the repository
   git clone [email protected]:AI-Protocol-Official/tiny-erc721.git
2. Navigate into the cloned repository
   cd tiny-erc721
3. Install Node Version Manager (nvm) – latest
   brew install nvm
4. Install Node package manager (npm) and Node.js – version lts/iron v20.11.1+
   nvm install 20
5. Activate node version installed
   nvm use 20
6. Install project dependencies
   npm install

• After executing nvm use 20 I get

  nvm is not compatible with the npm config "prefix" option: currently set to "/usr/local/Cellar/nvm/0.39.7/versions/node/v20.11.1"
  Run `npm config delete prefix` or `nvm use --delete-prefix v20.11.1` to unset it.
  

  Fix:

  nvm use --delete-prefix v20.11.1
  npm config delete prefix
  npm config set prefix "/usr/local/Cellar/nvm/0.39.7/versions/node/v20.11.1"
  

• After executing npm install I get

  npm ERR! code 127
  npm ERR! path ./advanced-erc20/node_modules/utf-8-validate
  npm ERR! command failed
  npm ERR! command sh -c node-gyp-build
  npm ERR! sh: node-gyp-build: command not found
  
  npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
  npm ERR!     ~/.npm/_logs/2024-01-19T07_10_23_362Z-debug.log
  

  Fix:

  npm install -g node-gyp
  npm install -g node-gyp-build
  

• How to install Node.js 20 on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
• How to Run Linux Commands in Background

1. Create or import 12-word mnemonics for

   1. Mainnet
   2. Goerli
   3. Polygon
   4. Mumbai (Polygon Testnet)
   5. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) Mainnet
   6. BSC Testnet
   7. Base Mainnet
   8. Base Goerli (Testnet)

   You can use MetaMask to create mnemonics: https://metamask.io/

   Note: you can use same mnemonic for test networks (goerli, mumbai, bsc_testnet, and base_goerli). Always use a separate one for mainnet, keep it secure.

   Note: you can add more configurations to connect to the networks not listed above. Check and add configurations required into the hardhat.config.js.

   Note: you can use private keys instead of mnemonics (see Alternative Configuration section below)

2. Create an infura access key at https://infura.io/

   Note: you can use alchemy API key instead of infura access key (see Alternative Configuration section below)

3. Create etherscan API key at https://etherscan.io/

4. Export mnemonics, infura access key, and etherscan API key as system environment variables (they should be available for hardhat):

   Name	Value
   MNEMONIC1	Mainnet mnemonic
   MNEMONIC5	Goerli mnemonic
   MNEMONIC137	Polygon mnemonic
   MNEMONIC80001	Mumbai mnemonic
   MNEMONIC56	BSC mnemonic
   MNEMONIC97	BSC Testnet mnemonic
   MNEMONIC8453	Base Mainnet mnemonic
   MNEMONIC84531	Base Goerli mnemonic
   INFURA_KEY	Infura access key
   ETHERSCAN_KEY	Etherscan API key
   POLYSCAN_KEY	polygonscan API key
   BSCSCAN_KEY	BscScan API key
   BASESCAN_KEY	BaseScan API key

Note:
Read How do I set an environment variable? article for more info on how to set up environment variables in Linux, Windows and macOS.

export MNEMONIC1="witch collapse practice feed shame open despair creek road again ice least"
export MNEMONIC5="someone relief rubber remove donkey jazz segment nose spray century put beach"
export MNEMONIC137="slush oyster cash hotel choice universe puzzle slot reflect sword intact fat"
export MNEMONIC80001="result mom hard lend adapt where result mule address ivory excuse embody"
export MNEMONIC56="slush oyster cash hotel choice universe puzzle slot reflect sword intact fat"
export MNEMONIC97="result mom hard lend adapt where result mule address ivory excuse embody"
export MNEMONIC8453="slush oyster cash hotel choice universe puzzle slot reflect sword intact fat"
export MNEMONIC84531="result mom hard lend adapt where result mule address ivory excuse embody"
export INFURA_KEY="000ba27dfb1b3663aadfc74c3ab092ae"
export ETHERSCAN_KEY="9GEEN6VPKUR7O6ZFBJEKCWSK49YGMPUBBG"
export POLYSCAN_KEY="VF9IZLVDRA03VE3K5S46EADMW6VNV0V73U"
export BSCSCAN_KEY="ZP0UMWCA2H12WKQKEK8OGAGZ6ZFL2D0S4C"
export BASESCAN_KEY="RJ4QYXFB9G34VZLLEL6QHCHZ9ZSK9E0R8A"

Alternatively to using mnemonics, private keys can be used instead. When both mnemonics and private keys are set in the environment variables, private keys are used.

Similarly, alchemy can be used instead of infura. If both infura and alchemy keys are set, alchemy is used.

1. Create or import private keys of the accounts for

   1. Mainnet
   2. Goerli
   3. Polygon
   4. Mumbai (Polygon Testnet)
   5. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) Mainnet
   6. BSC Testnet
   7. Base Mainnet
   8. Base Goerli (Testnet)

   You can use MetaMask to export private keys: https://metamask.io/

   Note: you can use the same private key for test networks (goerli, mumbai, bsc_testnet, and base_goerli). Always use a separate one for mainnet, keep it secure.

2. Create an alchemy API key at https://alchemy.com/

3. Create etherscan API key at https://etherscan.io/

4. Export private keys, infura access key, and etherscan API key as system environment variables (they should be available for hardhat):

   Name	Value
   P_KEY1	Mainnet private key
   P_KEY5	Goerli private key
   P_KEY137	Polygon private key
   P_KEY80001	Mumbai private key
   P_KEY56	BSC private key
   P_KEY97	BSC Testnet private key
   P_KEY8453	Base Mainnet private key
   P_KEY84531	Base Goerli private key
   ALCHEMY_KEY	Alchemy API key
   ETHERSCAN_KEY	Etherscan API key
   POLYSCAN_KEY	polygonscan API key
   BSCSCAN_KEY	BscScan API key
   BASESCAN_KEY	BaseScan API key

Note: private keys should start with 0x

export P_KEY1="0x5ed21858f273023c7fc0683a1e853ec38636553203e531a79d677cb39b3d85ad"
export P_KEY5="0xfb84b845b8ea672939f5f6c9a43b2ae53b3ee5eb8480a4bfc5ceeefa459bf20c"
export P_KEY137="0x5ed21858f273023c7fc0683a1e853ec38636553203e531a79d677cb39b3d85ad"
export P_KEY80001="0xfb84b845b8ea672939f5f6c9a43b2ae53b3ee5eb8480a4bfc5ceeefa459bf20c"
export P_KEY56="0x5ed21858f273023c7fc0683a1e853ec38636553203e531a79d677cb39b3d85ad"
export P_KEY97="0xfb84b845b8ea672939f5f6c9a43b2ae53b3ee5eb8480a4bfc5ceeefa459bf20c"
export P_KEY8453="0x5ed21858f273023c7fc0683a1e853ec38636553203e531a79d677cb39b3d85ad"
export P_KEY84531="0xfb84b845b8ea672939f5f6c9a43b2ae53b3ee5eb8480a4bfc5ceeefa459bf20c"
export ALCHEMY_KEY="hLe1XqWAUlvmlW42Ka5fdgbpb97ENsMJ"
export ETHERSCAN_KEY="9GEEN6VPKUR7O6ZFBJEKCWSK49YGMPUBBG"
export POLYSCAN_KEY="VF9IZLVDRA03VE3K5S46EADMW6VNV0V73U"
export BSCSCAN_KEY="ZP0UMWCA2H12WKQKEK8OGAGZ6ZFL2D0S4C"
export BASESCAN_KEY="RJ4QYXFB9G34VZLLEL6QHCHZ9ZSK9E0R8A"

To use custom JSON-RPC endpoint instead of infura/alchemy public endpoints, set the corresponding RPC URL as an environment variable:

Execute npx hardhat compile command to compile smart contracts.

Compilation settings are defined in hardhat.config.js solidity section.

Note: Solidity files *.sol use strict compiler version, you need to change all the headers when upgrading the compiler to another version

Smart contract tests are built with Truffle – in JavaScript (ES6) and web3.js

The tests are located in test folder. They can be run with built-in Hardhat Network.

Run npx hardhat test to run all the tests or .npx hardhat test <test_file> to run individual test file. Example: npx hardhat test ./test/erc20/erc20_zeppelin.js

• After running any test (executing npx hardhat test ./test/erc20/erc20_zeppelin.js for example) I get

  An unexpected error occurred:
  
  Error: This method only supports Buffer but input was: 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80
  

  Fix: downgrade @nomiclabs/hardhat-truffle5 plugin to 2.0.0 (see https://issueexplorer.com/issue/nomiclabs/hardhat/1885)

  npm install -D @nomiclabs/[email protected]
  

Smart contracts test coverage is powered by [solidity-coverage] plugin.

Run npx hardhat coverage to run test coverage and generate the report.

• After running the coverage I get

  <--- Last few GCs --->
  
  [48106:0x7f9b09900000]  3878743 ms: Scavenge 3619.3 (4127.7) -> 3606.1 (4128.2) MB, 5.2 / 0.0 ms  (average mu = 0.262, current mu = 0.138) task
  [48106:0x7f9b09900000]  3878865 ms: Scavenge 3620.6 (4128.2) -> 3606.9 (4129.2) MB, 4.9 / 0.0 ms  (average mu = 0.262, current mu = 0.138) allocation failure
  [48106:0x7f9b09900000]  3882122 ms: Mark-sweep 3619.5 (4129.2) -> 3579.6 (4128.4) MB, 3221.6 / 0.7 ms  (average mu = 0.372, current mu = 0.447) task scavenge might not succeed
  
  
  <--- JS stacktrace --->
  
  FATAL ERROR: Ineffective mark-compacts near heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory
   1: 0x10610e065 node::Abort() (.cold.1) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
   2: 0x104dabc19 node::Abort() [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
   3: 0x104dabd8f node::OnFatalError(char const*, char const*) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
   4: 0x104f29ef7 v8::Utils::ReportOOMFailure(v8::internal::Isolate*, char const*, bool) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
   5: 0x104f29e93 v8::internal::V8::FatalProcessOutOfMemory(v8::internal::Isolate*, char const*, bool) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
   6: 0x1050f8be5 v8::internal::Heap::FatalProcessOutOfMemory(char const*) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
   7: 0x1050fccb6 v8::internal::Heap::RecomputeLimits(v8::internal::GarbageCollector) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
   8: 0x1050f94f6 v8::internal::Heap::PerformGarbageCollection(v8::internal::GarbageCollector, v8::GCCallbackFlags) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
   9: 0x1050f6c4d v8::internal::Heap::CollectGarbage(v8::internal::AllocationSpace, v8::internal::GarbageCollectionReason, v8::GCCallbackFlags) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
  10: 0x105103dca v8::internal::Heap::AllocateRawWithLightRetrySlowPath(int, v8::internal::AllocationType, v8::internal::AllocationOrigin, v8::internal::AllocationAlignment) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
  11: 0x105103e51 v8::internal::Heap::AllocateRawWithRetryOrFailSlowPath(int, v8::internal::AllocationType, v8::internal::AllocationOrigin, v8::internal::AllocationAlignment) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
  12: 0x1050d425c v8::internal::Factory::NewFillerObject(int, bool, v8::internal::AllocationType, v8::internal::AllocationOrigin) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
  13: 0x10546fe0f v8::internal::Runtime_AllocateInYoungGeneration(int, unsigned long*, v8::internal::Isolate*) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
  14: 0x105839d19 Builtins_CEntry_Return1_DontSaveFPRegs_ArgvOnStack_NoBuiltinExit [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
  Abort trap: 6
  

  Fix: increase Node.js memory limit to 8 GB:

  export NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=8192"
  

Deployments are implemented via hardhat-deploy plugin by Ronan Sandford.

Deployment scripts perform smart contracts deployment itself and their setup configuration. Executing a script may require several transactions to complete, which may fail. To help troubleshoot partially finished deployment, the scripts are designed to be rerunnable and execute only the transactions which were not executed in previous run(s).

Deployment scripts are located under deploy folder. Deployment execution state is saved under deployments folder.

To run fresh deployment (goerli):

1. Delete deployments/goerli folder contents.

2. Run the deployment of interest with the npx hardhat deploy command

   npx hardhat deploy --network goerli --tags v1_0
   

   where v1_0 specifies the deployment script(s) tag to run, and --network goerli specifies the network to run script for (see hardhat.config.js for network definitions).

3. Verify source code on Etherscan with the npm run verify-goerli command

   npm run verify-goerli
   

To rerun the deployment script and continue partially completed script skip the first step (do not cleanup the deployments folder).

To upgrade the contract(s) (goerli):

1. Delete the implementation deployment of the contract you wish to upgrade from the deployments/goerli folder

2. Run the upgrade script of interest with the npx hardhat deploy command

   npx hardhat deploy --network goerli --tags upgrade-TokenFactoryV1
   

   where upgrade-TokenFactoryV1 specifies the upgrade script(s) tag to run, and --network goerli specifies the network to run script for (see hardhat.config.js for network definitions).

3. Verify source code on Etherscan with the npm run verify-goerli command

   npm run verify-goerli
   

(c) 2024 AI Protocol