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ytliu0 avatar ytliu0 commented on August 18, 2024

您好!

根据您用的《后汉书》资料,"十二月戊戌"在"十一月癸酉"之后。单从历日而论,戊戌在癸酉之后25日或85日,张培瑜《三千五百年历日天象》、汪曰桢《历代长术辑要》、《通鉴目录》、陈垣《二十史朔闰表》、薛仲三和欧阳颐《两千年中西历对照表》都载十一月癸酉朔,闰十二月壬申朔,而历法朔日必在实朔一两日内,十一月必含冬至,因此十一月癸酉朔应该没有错,这样一来如果《后汉书》和那五本书的资料无误的话,"十二月戊戌"只能在"十一月癸酉"之后85日,就是闰十二月廿七。如果是这样的话《后汉书》应该写"闰月戊戌"才对,也有可能那五本书的历日资料不对,也许当年是闰十一月,"十二月戊戌"是十二月廿七日,也是新年前几天。我不是专家,无法判断谁是谁非。这里东汉的日历是根据《三千五百年历日天象》的资料编算。

from chinesecalendar.

ytliu0 avatar ytliu0 commented on August 18, 2024

搜查百度,看到了范鹏伟在2013年的一篇硕士论文《后汉书历日订误》,文中引了清人黄山"(后汉书)历日踳驳之处不胜枚举"之言。其中第65页的文字可供参考:

《后汉书‧孝献帝纪》载: "(中平六年)十一月癸酉,董卓为相国。十二月戊戌,司徒黄琬为太尉,司空杨彪为司徒,光禄勋荀爽为司空。"
中平六年十二月癸卯朔,此月无戊戌日。
按,《孝灵帝纪》载:"夏四月丙午朔,日有食之。" 《续五行志》同。四月丙午朔,以此推之,十二月确无戊戌日。《后汉纪》董卓为相国与黄琬等转任同在十月,以同月例之,疑"十二月"为衍,或"戊戌"有误。

这文字逻辑上有问题。首先,以"四月丙午朔"推断"十二月确无戊戌日"似嫌草率,未考虑中间可能有闰月。其次是看不出怎样从"董卓为相国与黄琬等转任同在十月"推出"十二月为衍"或"戊戌有误"的结论。于是查《后汉纪》孝灵皇帝纪下卷第二十五,得知《后汉纪》确是载董卓为相国与黄琬等转任在同一月,原文写十月,校者认为是十一月之误。如果十一月是对的话,就可推出"十二月为衍"的结论。

我认为十一月癸酉朔应该是没有错的,用东汉四分历也算出该年闰十二月,既然有学者指出《后汉书》的历日有不少错误,我也倾向赞同《后汉书‧孝献帝纪》的那个历日有误。

from chinesecalendar.

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