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jserv avatar jserv commented on May 21, 2024 1

Both intrpt and bottomhalf were dedicated to Raspberry Pi. It is expectedly not working on x86-based VM instance.

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linD026 avatar linD026 commented on May 21, 2024 1

The problems of chardev2.ko and syscall.ko have been fixed.
See the commit 06b7594 and cccc98a.

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fennecJ avatar fennecJ commented on May 21, 2024

I wrote a simple shell script trying "insmod" and "rmmod" all module on my machine (5.11.0-27-generic) and meet following errors:
chardev2.ko:
At first time insmod and rmmod didn't throw any errors, however when using command dmesg, it shows:

[   78.479322] chardev2: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[   78.479463] chardev2: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[   78.480170] Device created on /dev/char_dev

And when I tried to insmod the module again, terminal shows:

insmod: ERROR: could not insert module chardev2.ko: Device or resource busy

And the output of dmesg was:

[  157.168167] Sorry, registering the character device  failed with -16

bottomhalf.ko:
intrpt.ko:
When insmod bottomhalf.ko or intrpt.ko, the error was something like:

insmod: ERROR: could not insert module xxx.ko: Unknown error 517

And the output of dmesg was:

Unable to request GPIOs for LEDs: -517

I think my board's GPIO number may be different from sample code, which cause this error.
But I currently don't know how to check GPIO number of my board.

syscall.ko
When insmod syscall.ko first time, the terminal simply shows

killed

And the output of dmesg was:

[  384.864739] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffff8aad47458000
[  384.864755] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[  384.864757] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[  384.864758] PGD 1aa01067 P4D 1aa01067 PUD 4907ff067 PMD 4907fe067 PTE 0
[  384.864761] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI
[  384.864763] CPU: 3 PID: 3017 Comm: insmod Tainted: G           OE     5.11.0-27-generic #29~20.04.1-Ubuntu
[  384.864765] Hardware name: CJSCOPE INC. Z Series/Z Series, BIOS 1.07.07TCOP1 05/09/2019
[  384.864766] RIP: 0010:syscall_start+0x15/0x1000 [syscall]
[  384.864771] Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at RIP 0xffffffffc056bfeb.
[  384.864772] RSP: 0018:ffff9ae78084bc80 EFLAGS: 00010293
[  384.864774] RAX: ffff8aad47457fe8 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[  384.864775] RDX: ffff8aad47457fe8 RSI: ffffffff9b75cea8 RDI: ffffffffc056c000
[  384.864776] RBP: ffff9ae78084bce8 R08: 0000000000000010 R09: ffff8aae578d7370
[  384.864777] R10: ffff8ab1907d4b80 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffffffc056c000
[  384.864778] R13: ffff8aae578d7370 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff9ae78084be70
[  384.864779] FS:  00007f60559ef540(0000) GS:ffff8ab1806c0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[  384.864781] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[  384.864782] CR2: ffffffffc056bfeb CR3: 0000000109480002 CR4: 00000000003706e0
[  384.864783] Call Trace:
[  384.864785]  ? do_one_initcall+0x48/0x1d0
[  384.864789]  ? _cond_resched+0x19/0x30
[  384.864792]  ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x380/0x430
[  384.864794]  ? do_init_module+0x28/0x250
[  384.864797]  do_init_module+0x62/0x250
[  384.864799]  load_module+0x11aa/0x1370
[  384.864802]  ? security_kernel_post_read_file+0x5c/0x70
[  384.864804]  ? security_kernel_post_read_file+0x5c/0x70
[  384.864807]  __do_sys_finit_module+0xc2/0x120
[  384.864809]  ? __do_sys_finit_module+0xc2/0x120
[  384.864811]  __x64_sys_finit_module+0x1a/0x20
[  384.864813]  do_syscall_64+0x38/0x90
[  384.864816]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
[  384.864818] RIP: 0033:0x7f6055b3489d
[  384.864820] Code: 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d c3 f5 0c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
[  384.864821] RSP: 002b:00007ffcb7977a88 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000139
[  384.864823] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00005607d93e97b0 RCX: 00007f6055b3489d
[  384.864824] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00005607d7628358 RDI: 0000000000000003
[  384.864825] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 00007f6055c08260
[  384.864826] R10: 0000000000000003 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00005607d7628358
[  384.864827] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00005607d93e9760 R15: 0000000000000000
[  384.864829] Modules linked in: syscall(OE+) snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic rfcomm ccm cmac algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg bnep snd_sof_pci snd_sof_intel_hda_common intel_rapl_msr snd_soc_hdac_hda intel_rapl_common snd_sof_intel_hda x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp snd_sof_intel_byt coretemp snd_sof_intel_ipc snd_sof snd_sof_xtensa_dsp snd_hda_ext_core snd_soc_acpi_intel_match snd_soc_acpi nls_iso8859_1 ledtrig_audio kvm_intel snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg soundwire_intel soundwire_generic_allocation soundwire_cadence kvm snd_hda_codec crct10dif_pclmul snd_hda_core snd_hwdep soundwire_bus ghash_clmulni_intel mei_hdcp snd_soc_core snd_compress iwlmvm ac97_bus snd_pcm_dmaengine snd_pcm aesni_intel mac80211 crypto_simd cryptd glue_helper rapl i915 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event snd_rawmidi libarc4 intel_cstate iwlwifi uvcvideo videobuf2_vmalloc drm_kms_helper snd_seq videobuf2_memops btusb videobuf2_v4l2 btrtl videobuf2_common btbcm cec
[  384.864864]  snd_seq_device serio_raw btintel videodev snd_timer rc_core bluetooth mc intel_wmi_thunderbolt efi_pstore snd joydev input_leds cfg80211 ecdh_generic ee1004 ecc drm soundcore mei_me i2c_algo_bit mei fb_sys_fops syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt intel_pch_thermal intel_hid mac_hid sparse_keymap acpi_pad sch_fq_codel msr parport_pc ppdev lp parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_generic usbhid hid rtsx_pci_sdmmc nvme thunderbolt nvme_core crc32_pclmul xhci_pci psmouse r8169 i2c_i801 ahci rtsx_pci i2c_smbus realtek libahci xhci_pci_renesas wmi video [last unloaded: chardev2]
[  384.864894] CR2: ffff8aad47458000
[  384.864895] ---[ end trace 5d56f581996be5cd ]---
[  385.030373] RIP: 0010:syscall_start+0x15/0x1000 [syscall]
[  385.030384] Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at RIP 0xffffffffc056bfeb.
[  385.030385] RSP: 0018:ffff9ae78084bc80 EFLAGS: 00010293
[  385.030387] RAX: ffff8aad47457fe8 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[  385.030388] RDX: ffff8aad47457fe8 RSI: ffffffff9b75cea8 RDI: ffffffffc056c000
[  385.030389] RBP: ffff9ae78084bce8 R08: 0000000000000010 R09: ffff8aae578d7370
[  385.030390] R10: ffff8ab1907d4b80 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffffffc056c000
[  385.030391] R13: ffff8aae578d7370 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff9ae78084be70
[  385.030392] FS:  00007f60559ef540(0000) GS:ffff8ab1806c0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[  385.030394] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[  385.030395] CR2: ffffffffc056bfeb CR3: 0000000109480002 CR4: 00000000003706e0

And when trying to insmod syscall.ko again, terminal just freeze without any output.

start.ko:
insmod seems worked well.
And no error message found in dmesg:

Hello, world - this is the kernel speaking

However when trying to rmmod, terminal showed:

rmmod: ERROR: ../libkmod/libkmod-module.c:799 kmod_module_remove_module() could not remove 'start': Device or resource busy
rmmod: ERROR: could not remove module start: Device or resource busy

Perhaps we should fix these errors before we set up CI flows?

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jserv avatar jserv commented on May 21, 2024

@linD026, can you help resolve the LKM problems?

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linD026 avatar linD026 commented on May 21, 2024

In Multipass(5.4.0-80-generic), I also got the error messages with chardev2.ko :

[   65.668320] chardev2: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[   65.668338] chardev2: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[   65.670278] Device created on /dev/char_dev

Checking out this guide found out:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lkmpg/examples$ sudo insmod chardev2.ko
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lkmpg/examples$  cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted
12288
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lkmpg/examples$  for i in $(seq 18); do echo $(($i-1)) $(($(cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted)>>($i-1)&1));done
0 0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
10 0
11 0
12 1
13 1
14 0
15 0
16 0
17 0

12 O if an externally-built (“out-of-tree”) module has been loaded.
13 E if an unsigned module has been loaded in a kernel supporting module signature.

I still looking at why this happen.

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