Extend range of zigbee network using CC2531/CC2530 routers about zigbee2mqtt HOT 303 CLOSED

Hello. I have been tested 4 types of cc253x devices as coordinator:

From left to right: cc2531, cc2530 with external antenna, cc2530+cc2591, cc2530+RFX2401

Three last (right) devices not different for xiaomi sensors. Because it is not listen xiaomi sensor in long range (sensor can not send long range signal).

In direct line of sight I get work sensor on ranges: 30m with cc2531 and about 50-60m with cc2530 + external antenna and also with cc2530 + range amplifieres.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6iMcxRl_Xc

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You may add a custom router with the external antenna (based on 2nd board from the left)
http://ptvo.info/cc2530-based-zigbee-coordinator-and-router-112/
I'm using 2 routers and 1 coordinator in my rather large home (about 500 m2).

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I've prepared a router firmware for CC2531:
http://ptvo.info/cc2531-based-router-firmware-136/
Your comments are welcome!

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I would also like to get my hands on a cc2531 router firmware :)

Too easy to stick it directly to a usb mains charger behind some furniture

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Updated wiki.
New page for supported CC sniffer devices:
https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt/wiki/Supported-sniffer-devices

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@ryanbeaton @james-fry remember me when received devices :) because:

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@ryanbeaton Yoy may solder after flash and leave it.
And other one thing i said: "sensor can not send long range signal"...
So, Coordinator will have "long range", but sensors - no.

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Would be great if someone could put together a tutorial on making this work from scratch for us complete n00bs who own a soldering iron but not much else :)

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@1981nick1982 I think this thread is already too big to follow. Would you be so kind to open a separate thread for the specific CC2530?

On how to:

• flash firmware on
• connect to a PC or RPI (pinout)

That can be later transformed into a wiki how-to.

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@ptvoinfo yes, but cc2531 is simplier for other users :) "plug and use"

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@kirovilya this is not simple as you think :)

1. you need to flash a new firmware.
2. you need to place it somewhere with a 5V power source and usually this is a hidden place. So IMHO, CC2530 is better.
   Therefore I use CC2531 as a sniffer only.

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Plug a cc2531 with router firmware into 5v USB PSU like one of these?
https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B01N25761P/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_KxdaBbMNEQA2E

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I've just increased the device limit and enabled secure link join. Apart from that I did not modify the default TI Z Stack Home.

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@james-fry not correct.
https://github.com/kirovilya/files/blob/master/CC2530ZNP-Test_for_CC2591.hex compatible with CC2591 and RFX2401.
I not found CC2531 with any RF. sorry, found in first post

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@ryanbeaton I got here (two times) https://www.aliexpress.com/item/RF-TO-USB-CC2530-CC2591-RF-switch-USB-transparent-serial-data-transmission-equipment/1996354384.html
Description says "CC2591", but in fact it has GB2530-S chip

wich have CC2530+RFX2401 http://www.gban.cn/en/product_show.asp?action=p295&id=47

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thanks, have ordered
wasn't to sure about description but this helped
http://www.gban.cn/en/product_show.asp?action=p297&id=43

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I would share a solution for my problem with CC2530 and the ZNP firmware (https://github.com/kirovilya/files/blob/master/CC2530ZNP-Pro-Secure_LinkKeyJoin.hex).

Problem: zigbee2mqtt does not want to connect to CC2530 with correct wiring.

RX - P03
TX - P02
3.3v - VCC
GND - GND
P20 to GND

Background: The ZNP firmware for CC2530 has the serial boot loader code. This boot loader starts and verifies a checksum of the application code. Then it waits for 1 minute for any commands from UART. 0xEF - skip the boot loader code and go to the normal mode and 0x10 - stay in the boot loader mode forever.

Solution: Send 0xEF to a UART port. I'm not sure, but it is possible we can send this command to zigbee2mqtt when a timeout appears with first initialization attempt.

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Can anyone clarify what equipment is needed to use https://www.aliexpress.com/item/RF-TO-USB-CC2530-CC2591-RF-switch-USB-transparent-serial-data-transmission-equipment/1996354384.html

I see the modifications to connect a few pins above, but does it require ccdebugger AND the downloader cable as described for the other stick in the getting started guide?
If so, can anyone confirm if its a specific downloader cable?

Lastly I'm correct in thinking this is currently the easiest setup to go with for best signal?

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@dgomes I also maintain wiki in Russian. it will be possible to give a link to it as a localized resource :)

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I'm happy to update wiki and make a PR later today.

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@kirovilya

CC2530 with this firmware: https://github.com/kirovilya/files/blob/master/CC2530ZNP-Pro-Secure_LinkKeyJoin.hex

What communication settings does this firmware use? What pins must be connected? I've tried 115200,8N1 pins (P02, P03, GND, 3.3V) and it does not work for me. My own firmware works.

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The guy over smartthings does not seem to sharing his firmware. I found this: setting a slightly more expensive Xbee S2C as router https://alselectro.wordpress.com/2017/01/23/zigbee-xbee-s2c-how-to-configure-as-coordinator-router-end-device/

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@james-fry @ryanbeaton Yes, 5 pin header use for ccdebugger (look at description on Aliexpress). Cable in complect exists.

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@kirovilya
Regarding you comment:

And other one thing i said: "sensor can not send long range signal"...
So, Coordinator will have "long range", but sensors - no.

My understanding is that the RF frontend has a low noise amp, and hence the sensitivity of the receiver is increased. So the end device is no "louder" but the coordinator's ability to "hear" is increased.
That plus additional gain from a real antenna should, I hope, give additional range for sensors.

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@james-fry Yes, all true. it is good that you understand this.

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@realroywalker
CC2530 boards: http://ptvo.info/cc2530-based-zigbee-coordinator-and-router-112/
I've used a cable for CC2531 with the board from the first image.
The second board has been temporarily connected using a dupont cable (female - female). Pinout: http://ptvo.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/smartrf04eb-pinout.jpg

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I've tested my routers:

1. I've removed all Xiaomi plugs. Therefore only my own routers worked at this time.
2. Pressed a small button on the temperature sensor shortly and blue light blinks.
3. Coordinator received a message from the sensor.

Note: The coordinator is 30m away and 8 brick walls. Without routers it does not receive messages from this sensor.

Note 2: The CC2530 router with the external antenna work better than CC2531

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@ptvoinfo would you mind sharing your firmware source code? I've setup a repo here: https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt-firmware

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@ptvoinfo Are you sure this is the right link

The links for all router (and coordinator) firmwares are here:
https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt/wiki/Supported-sniffer-devices

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Is this board possibly interesting?

https://www.ebay.com/itm/Zigbee-Module-CC2530-/321149891328

If I understand everything correctly it has the advantage of an external antenna (CC2530) and additionally a debug interface (CC2531) for programming.
Has anyone had any experience with this?

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This issue is now closed per @ciotlosm recommendation.
Going forward please open new issues for hardware specific issues,

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@ptvoinfo It is good news! Thank you. Can you make and share cc2531 firmware for router?

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@kirovilya
I can try. But why CC2531 is better than CC2530? CC2530 is cheaper and has the external antenna.

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Hi @ptvoinfo
I read your blog post linked above - thx for sharing.
I notice that for the router firmware you mention that you "Pre-configured manufacturer code for Xiaomi devices."
Does this mean that the router f/w needs to be customised for the devices that will be in the network? Can it be made generic?

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Hi @james-fry
A generic router must be configured first using Z-Tool (set network ID, default channel, security key). From my point of view this is not an easy process.

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Understood. With my limited understanding of zigbee, I had assumed that we'd need to pair the router with the coordinator in the same was as an end device - e.g. perhaps using one of the two ptm switches on the cc2531 sniffer to initiate pairing?. This would then set the ID/channel/key in same way as a device like the xiaomi smart sockets (which are both end device and router).
BTW I totally get that writing f/w for this is a big job, but maybe there is capability in this forum to get it working?

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Hi @kirovilya - I noticed that your testing includes two boards with RF frontends (cc2530+cc2591, cc2530+RFX2401).
Are you aware of whether the "48 device" coordinator firmware for this project is compatible with those frontends? As I understand it the CC253x SoC has to program/control the frontend chip via GPIOs, so the f/w needs to include support. Both 2591 and RFX2401 have different requirements.
@oskarn97 - If Im correct you were the source for the f/w. Would you be able to confirm this?

Maybe we can start a list of compatible boards over and above the recommended CC2531 sniffer USB dongle?

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@james-fry for cc2530 (without range amplifieres) you need firmware https://github.com/kirovilya/files/blob/master/CC2530ZNP-Pro-Secure_LinkKeyJoin.hex (but this firmware without maximum 48 devices) and for cc2530 with RF you need https://github.com/kirovilya/files/blob/master/CC2530ZNP-Test_for_CC2591.hex
(thank @oskarn97 for this firmware)

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Thanks for the swift replies, @kirovilya @oskarn97

So as a summary we have support for: (UPDATED)

• CC2531 with this firmware: https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt/tree/master/firmware
• CC2530 with this firmware: https://github.com/kirovilya/files/blob/master/CC2530ZNP-Pro-Secure_LinkKeyJoin.hex
• CC2530 + CC2591 with this firmware: https://github.com/kirovilya/files/blob/master/CC2530ZNP-Test_for_CC2591.hex
• CC2530 with RFX2401 also with this firmware: https://github.com/kirovilya/files/blob/master/CC2530ZNP-Test_for_CC2591.hex

Not supported

• CC2531 with any RF front end (CC2591 or RFX2401)

Is this correct?

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@kirovilya Thanks. Updated the summary with this confirmation.
This guy is selling CC2531 + RFX2401
https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/CC2531-RFX2401C-PA-LNA-RF-Front-End-2-4GHz-IEEE-802-15-4-ZigBee-USB-dongle/141931496878
There are a couple of versions - one also with ext antenna.

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We need to make this information sticky in the Wiki :)

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@ptvoinfo P20 to GND

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@kirovilya P20 to GND: tried too.

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@ptvoinfo Hmm. My connections to UART cable:
RX - P03
TX - P02
3.3v - VCC
GND - GND

and on board wire P20 to GND. Port speed 115200, but rtscts is false

What error did you receive?

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@kirovilya
I'm using UART TTL to USB converter. Wiring is the same (tried swap RX and TX, with/without P20). zigbee2mqtt cannot initialize CC2530. Data timeout.

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@Koenkk - I didn't realise that wiki is not part of repo (GH noob here), so I cant edit your wiki in my fork and submit PR :(
Are you able to give me permission to update the wiki? Alternative I can message you with the wiki markup?

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@ptvoinfo Very strange... Try to reboot :)
I flashed and used cc2530 many times...

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@ptvoinfo may be you have CC2530 + CC2591 board ?

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@ptvoinfo in case cc2530+RF i need connect P06 and P04 to GND too (do not ask me "why" :) ). may be it help in your case.

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@james-fry you should be able to edit the wiki now.

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Great. Will update shortly.

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This guy on smartthings forum made a nice CC2350 based solution with custom pcb:
https://community.smartthings.com/t/another-zigbee-repeater-solution-with-temperature-humidity-pressure-and-light-sensors/123815

He sees the usefulness of usb for power source :)

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@kiucheng As I know, Xbee S2C can't work with xiaomi devices. May be I wrong...

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HI @kirovilya , do you have a link for the cc2530+RFX2401 ("ZIGBEE RF to USB dongle)?

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1pcs-lot-CC2530-CC2591-USB-ZigBee-dongle-board-free-shipping/1813876248.html
Is the only one I could find but it is unavailable.

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Haha I was just about to post that same link. I speculated that you were the person who left the reviews :)

The GB2530-S chip seems to have a RF(x)2401 front end:
http://www.gban.cn/en/product_show.asp?action=p295&id=47
(just saw you added this above, but its under the image)

Actually looks like this might be the go-to device for upgraded range/sensitivity.
Did you add the programming header? (I assume its the white 5 pin header)

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:) @james-fry my next Q was about the programming header. If thats comes as is would be easy

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I also ordered. Hope the antenna and additional sensitivity from the Rf frontend will resolve my range issues

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Better get my fine tip soldering iron out... what’s this for?
Is it the p06 and p04 to gnd you mentioned above?

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Yes. It is for normal work.
And P20 to GND.

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@kirovilya Oh! I forgot about those comments of yours. Sorry but can you clarify, I just solder up like that and then flash. Do I also leave it like that to operate also. Thanak

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@ptvoinfo It is very-very strange...

I look at code zigbee2mqtt, how it is start zigbee-shepherd:

const shepherdSettings = {
    net: {
        panId: settings.get().advanced.pan_id,
        channelList: [settings.get().advanced.hasOwnProperty('channel') ? settings.get().advanced.channel : 11],
    },
    dbPath: data.joinPath('database.db'),
};
...
shepherd = new ZShepherd(settings.get().serial.port, shepherdSettings);

There is no port parameters. When i start, i set port speed and rtscts:

shepherd = new ZShepherd(port, {
        net: {panId: 0x1a62},
        sp: { baudrate: 115200, rtscts: false },
        dbPath: dbDir+'/shepherd.db'
});

Try to append this parameter on start.

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This does not matter. The same problem appears without zigbee2mqtt. I cannot connect to CC2530 using ZTool too for 1 minute without sending this magic byte (0xEF).

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@ptvoinfo what the board are you use? I use this https://www.aliexpress.com/item/CC2530-Zigbee-UART-Wireless-Core-Board-Development-Board-CC2530F256-Serial-Port-Wireless-Module-24MHz/32767470382.html without any problem.

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@kirovilya Yes, the same board from the same seller. I can only say "it happens" :)

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@ptvoinfo thank you for experiens. but i don't know what to do...

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@kirovilya @ryanbeaton FWIW I found the manuals for the USB stick and the SoC here:
http://www.gban.cn/yk_Picture/hdp/20140523091382828282.pdf
http://www.gban.cn/yk_Picture/hdp/2014052216470315315.pdf

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@ptvoinfo good work! will try later.

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Nice job @ptvoinfo. I have updated the wiki with links for your 2530 and 2531 router firmwares.
When my new device arrives I will reflash my 2531 as a router and test.

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@realroywalker The CC debugger and download cable is required in any case. In some cable you need a proprietary cable, in some case you need to solder wires to the board/dongle.

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@ptvoinfo thank you. I've been searching aliexpress but cannot find any downloaded cable for the cc2530, only cc2531 seems available.

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Looks like only 5 of the 10 pins on the programmer are needed for programming. Maybe the rest are for debugging?

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Would it be possible to pair end devices to routers? In this way we can increase the network size. #26

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Hello again.
I flashed CC2531-router-diag-usb.hex to cc2531 stick to make it router... Plug it to external usb-charger.
Then I try to pairing... with very interesting messages:

{"type":"devInterview","status":{"endpoint":{"current":8,"cluster":{"total":2,"current":1},"total":1}},"data":"0x00124b0014bdeb6a"}
{"type":"devInterview","status":{"endpoint":{"current":8,"cluster":{"total":2,"current":2},"total":1}},"data":"0x00124b0014bdeb6a"}
{"type":"devIncoming","endpoints":[{"device":{"_id":2,"type":"Router","ieeeAddr":"0x00124b0014bdeb6a","nwkAddr":29547,"manufId":4447,"manufName":"LUMI","powerSource":"Mains (single phase)","modelId":"lumi.router","epList":[8],"status":"online","joinTime":1527614556,"endpoints":{"8":"[Circular]"}},"profId":260,"epId":8,"devId":256,"inClusterList":[0,6],"outClusterList":[0,6],"clusters":{"zapp":null,"genBasic":{"dir":{"cid":"genBasic","sid":"dir","value":3},"attrs":{"cid":"genBasic","sid":"attrs","hwVersion":1,"manufacturerName":"LUMI","modelId":"lumi.router","dateCode":"2018-04-18","powerSource":1,"locationDesc":"","physicalEnv":0,"deviceEnabled":1}},"genOnOff":{"dir":{"cid":"genOnOff","sid":"dir","value":3},"attrs":{"cid":"genOnOff","sid":"attrs","onOff":0}}},"onAfDataConfirm":null,"onAfReflectError":null,"onAfIncomingMsg":null,"onAfIncomingMsgExt":null,"onZclFoundation":null,"onZclFunctional":null}],"data":"0x00124b0014bdeb6a"}

So, device has "1" endpoint (total), but current is "8" and "2" clusters (from "devInterview" message). It is strange, but ok, not bad.
And on "devIncoming" it described as "lumi.router". Why "lumi"? :)

Then, every minute it send "attReport" message with data:

{"cid":"genBinaryValue","data":{"description":"0/0x00124B0018558DDF","inactiveText":"COORD","presentValue":86,"relinquishDefault":0,"minimumOffTime":0}}

and in second minute with data:

{"cid":"genOnOff","data":{"onOff":0}}

and then repeated...

Sometimes (I do not undestand how) I see "devChange" with data:

{"cid":"genOnOff","data":{"onOff":1}}

And I know how check work with this router? When I move temperature sensor to other room, it can not send data to coordinator, but router placed between them.
Maybe I see it in messages as some attribute?

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Hmmm, I begin to understand router messages:

{"cid":"genBinaryValue","data":{"description":"0/0x00124B0018558DDF","inactiveText":"COORD","presentValue":86,"relinquishDefault":0,"minimumOffTime":0}}
{"cid":"genBinaryValue","data":{"description":"59437/0x00158D0001F41725","inactiveText":"CHILD_RFD","presentValue":170,"relinquishDefault":2,"minimumOffTime":1}}
{"cid":"genBinaryValue","data":{"description":"38336/0x0000000000000000","inactiveText":"NEIGHBOR","presentValue":0}}

1. Message from coordinator, 0x00124B0018558DDF - it is coordinator
2. Message from sensor 0x00158D0001F41725 - it is temperature sensor
3. Message from xiaomi button, but in paring process...

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@ptvoinfo
(i tried to comment on http://ptvo.info/cc2531-based-router-firmware-136/ but I didn't saw my comment so I try here)

I have a xiaomi sensor which is sometimes out of range of the xiaomi gateway.
Is it possible to add your cc2531 router between an existing Xiaomi sensor and the Xiaomi gateway?
(as an alternative to the Xiaomi sockets Zigbee edition)
If yes:

• what will be the procedure to make this work/connect ?
  (how do I connect the router to the gateway and how "connect" the sensor to the router?)
• will it be a problem that the sensor will also sometimes visible directly on the gateway itself?

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@kirovilya

The "diag" version of the firmware sends additional reports to the coordinator:
http://ptvo.info/cc2530-based-zigbee-coordinator-and-router-112/

In your case the router reports more info about parent, child and near zigbee devices.

{"cid":"genOnOff","data":{"onOff":1}}

This is a simple "keep-alive" report and allows you to control presence of the router.

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@newzealandpaul

1. Take a CC2531 dongle
2. Flash my firmware to this dongle: https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt/wiki/Getting-started
3. Put this dongle to any power source with an USB socket (for example, from any mobile phone)
4. Pair it with a gateway.
5. Put the dongle + power source to a wall power socket somewhere between your gateway and remote zigbee sensor.

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@ptvoinfo I meant a long range version, I already have a CC2531. I read your tutorial, but it looks like it needs a antenna soldered onto the board:

http://ptvo.info/cc2530-based-zigbee-coordinator-and-router-112/

Or should I just use one with USB like this (much more expensive):

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/CC2530-Zigbee-Core-Board-Development-Board-Kit-IOT-Smart-Home-Wireless-Module-Packet-24MHz-256KB/32767454609.html?spm=2114.10010108.1000023.21.68ad410fMUAP3g

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@newzealandpaul

CC2531 has an antenna already. If CC2531 based router does not cover all your areas then add more routers. In most cases it will work better than a single CC2530 with an external antenna.

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@ptvoinfo ah I understand, thank you :) I will do that.

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@ptvoinfo Thank for response.
But how check that sensor successful work with this router?
I could not confirm that the temperature sensor is working from another room through the router ... I did not receive any messages from it.

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@ptvoinfo Are you sure this is the right link?

Flash my firmware to this dongle: https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt/wiki/Getting-started

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@Koenkk In case of CC2531 the link is correct except a firmware file.
@kirovilya Good question: I've used a standard ZStack sample application just changes some small things (PanId, channel, security key, regular reports). In your case you see the temperature sensor is connected to the router.

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@ptvoinfo

temperature sensor is connected to the router

So I'm thinking how it will be displayed:
any attributes in the message? or will messages from the sensor just come?

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@ptvoinfo Okay, once again I'll try with cc2531. If it does not work, I'll try the cc2530 with the antenna.

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This project needs to move into an organisation ;)

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@james-fry the people ask for instructions how to flash each of these boards. Step-by-step, for noobs :)

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Will be happy to help - either with 1st hand advice where I have a board, or by updating wiki with advice/procedure from others

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@ptvoinfo @kirovilya @james-fry @Koenkk maybe move firmware hex files for router in a common place here: https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt-firmware?

I recommend to keep a structure like:

- firmware
      - coordinator
          - CC2531
          - CC2530
          - CC2530-RFX2401
          - CC2530-CC2591
      - router
          - CC2531
          - CC2530

A README.md file in each folder for credits and linking to the location of the flashing documentation would be great. Maybe even links to tools used to build the firmware?

Maybe even add source files for firmware builds in a mirror structure?

- firmware-src
      - coordinator
          - CC2531
          - CC2530
          - CC2530-RFX2401
          - CC2530-CC2591
      - router
          - CC2531
          - CC2530

@Koenkk Considering testing usually ends up being the new stable, I think a better structure would be to drop "stable" and use branches on top of this same structure, allowing for easier "merge" back to "master"/"stable". What do you think?

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@ciotlosm that would be a perfect structure, can others share the firmware source code so that it can be added to the repo?

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Is there a tutorial available for the CC2530? Would like to order this but first want to know how it can be connected to the cc debugger and my pi.

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@1981nick1982 check http://ptvo.info/cc2530-based-zigbee-coordinator-and-router-112/

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Had read that but it was not entirely clear how the board should be linked to the cc debugger and usb for connection to PC and Rpi. If I understand correctly, should I use the pinout of this diagram to connect the CC2530 to the CC debugger / CC2531 cable? http://ptvo.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/smartrf04eb-pinout.jpg

And use USB to TTL - Aliexpress
for the link to the pi?

I connect this stick as follows:

TX = P0_3
RX = P0_2
RST = P0_5
GND =?
3V3 =?
5V =?

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@ryanbeaton Just got my USB device from China (well actually it arrived over a week back but I have been away). I didnt realise from @kirovilya info, but mine came with a debugger cable and the header.
You will need to solder the header to the pcb, but not to make any custom cable to flash the device.

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@james-fry I cracked open my cc2530+RFX2401 but it does not have the header soldered and didn't come with one loose or a debugger cable :(

Up running with a CC2531 for now thanks to @palitu for the loan of his SmartRF04EB 👍

Will come back to the CC2530 as soon as possible.

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it does not have the header soldered and didn't come with one loose or a debugger cable :(

This is what came with mine:

Maybe aske the seller on aliexpress if you didnt get one too?

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@kirovilya - My stick has arrived from china - cc2530+RFX2401 (the one with GB2530 you linked in an earlier post).

I made the mods to connect pin 04,06,20 to GND as per the picture posted earlier.

My stick didn't come with debug cable/header like @james-fry posted, so I've used dupont cables and can make a solid connection between ccdebugger and the stick.

However - the CCDebugger light is permanently red.. I've tried plugging both the stick and ccdebugger in USB as the same time, just ccdebugger, updated firmware on the ccdebugger but it refuses to detect the stick.
Should I not have made the soldering mods to connect 04/06/20 into GND until the stick is flashed ?

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Have you tried pressing the reset button on the debugger while both devices are plugged in and connected?

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@realroywalker @mali1 Can you guys please open a new issue with the specific device you're trying to flash? This ways it's easier to extract documentation for that and we avoid bloating this already very long topic.

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Can anyone try with latest dev branch, latest fw for coordinator and CC2531 router fw , if it's still possible to pair a xiaomi device through CC2531 router? It's the procedure the same as pairing to coordinator i.e. just pressing buttons on sensors?
Sorry if I keep asking but I do not manage to do it in any way.
The sensor blinks as when requiring pairing but then nothing happens, it simply has "no answers back"

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